Advances in BioScience
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Control of Ralstonia solanacearum Infection in Tomato, Brinjal and Capsicum by antibiotic sensitivity test
Get PDFRalstonia solanacearum is one of the important dreaded soil’s borne bacterial phytopathogen which causes enormous losses in the crop plants in tropical, subtropical and temperate region of the world. In India, the disease is highly prevalent and active throughout the year where the soil is acidic in the Eastern Plateau and Hill Region. Once the disease is established in the field, it cannot be controlled by chemical means. Keeping these in view, screening of potential antibiotics for the management of R. solanacearum was done.
In the present study, three strains of R. solanacearum were isolated from Brinjal, Tomato and Capsicum. Against these three strains of R. solanacearum, four antibiotics were screened through food poison techniques viz. Kasugamycin, Streptomycin, Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin. The different strains of R. solanacearum and antibiotic sensitivity showed varied response. Among the screened antibiotics, Gentamicin showed strong antibacterial efficacy which inhibited 100% Colony-forming Unit (cfu) at very low concentration (1 ppm) followed by Ceftriaxone which inhibited >50% cfu at 1 ppm against all three strains. However, Streptomycin also showed antibacterial efficacy and inhibited >50% cfu at 3 ppm, but Kasugamycin was found less antibacterial as compared to other tested antibiotics and inhibited >50% cfu at 4 ppm
Some aspects of the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of two Savanna tree Species: Prosopis africana and Dialium guineense
Get PDFStudies were made on some aspects of the seed germination and seedling growth of two multipurpose trees. These include the effect of pre-sowing treatments, seed sizes and gibberellic acid on the germination of seeds and seedling growth. The tree species include Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. and Dialium guineense (Wild). Two seed sizes designated small- size (Ss) and Big-size (Bs) were identified in the seed. The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a greater significance effect (P < 0.05) on seed germination of both D. guineense and P. africana seeds. The big size seeds had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the seed germination when compared to the small size seeds. The hydration/dehydration, pre-sowing treatments on the seeds did not have any significant effects on germination
Light-Trap Catch of Lygus sp. (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Connection with the Polarized Moonlight, the Collecting Distance and the Staying of the Moon above the Horizon
Get PDFThe paper deals with connections between light trapping of Lygus sp. and the polarized moonlight, the collecting distance and the staying of the Moon above the horizon
Anatomical Changes in the Skin of Rattus norvegicus after Artificial UV Exposure
Get PDFAcute and subacute artificial UV exposure to albino rats exhibit morphological and histo-anatomical changes in the skin of albino rat. The anatomical changes include hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis and acanthosis beside numerical changes in keratinocytes, Langerhans, melanocytes and fibroblast seen after acute and subacute artificial UVB exposure
A review of vehicular pollution in urban India and its effects on human health
Get PDFThe rapid development in urban India has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles. In some cities, this has doubled in the last decade. Rapid urbanization and growth of motor vehicles impose a serious effect on human life and the environment in recent years. Motor vehicles are a significant source of urban air pollution and are increasingly important contributors of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Transport sector contributes a major sector, contributing 90% of total emissions. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, birth defects, immunosuppression and cancer. All these situations indicate that air pollution becoming a major problem in Indian context and there is an essential need to build up healthy environment and increase the level of research around the world. The present study is a review of an increase in vehicular pollution in India and its effect on human due to increasing road transport
Hydrobiological studies in river Burhi Ganga in district Etah (U.P.), India
Get PDFWater pollution is a major problem today. Excessive agricultural chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides, sewage and industrial effluent runoff in rivers and pollute aquatic ecosystem. It in turns affects the aquatic fauna and flora and water quality also. In the present study, quality of Burhi Ganga river water has been tested on the basis of some hydrobiological parameters like water hardness, total solids and dissolved oxygen
Botanical and Protein Sweeteners
Get PDFPlant species with unusual taste properties such as bitterness, sourness or sweetness and others with a taste- modifying components; have long been known to man, although their exploitation has been limited. Exponential growth in the number of patients suffering from diseases caused by the consumption of sugar has become a threat to mankind's health. Artificial low-calorie sweeteners available in the market may have severe side effects. It takes time to figure out the long-term side effects and by the time these are established, they are replaced by a new low-calorie sweetener. Saccharine has been used for centuries to sweeten foods and beverages without calories or carbohydrate. It was also used on a large scale during the sugar shortage of the two world wars but was abandoned as soon as it was linked with the development of bladder cancer. Naturally occurring sweet and taste modifying proteins (Thaumatin, Curculin, Miraculin, Brazzein, Pentadin, Monellin, Mabinlin) present in plants such as Thaumatococcus daniellii (Marantaceae), Curculigo latifolia (Hypoxidaceae), Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae), Pentadiplandra brazzeana (Pentadiplandraceae), Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Menispermaceae), Capparis masaikai (Capparaceae) are being seen as potential replacements for the currently available artificial low calorie sweeteners. Most protein sweetener plants such as S. dulcificum, P. brazzeana, C. masaikai, are shrubs; C. latifolia, T. daniellii, are perennial herbs while D. Cumminsii is an annual liana
Estimation of pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables and water
Get PDFNowadays, pesticide use is on increase day by day in every field of life like agriculture, household and in industry. Most of the pesticides are not biodegradable and those which are degradable cannot degrade completely. Hence, they reach to our fruits, vegetables, grains and water bodies. Even after washing the pesticide residues left in our foodstuffs. Since last decade, it has been observed that analysed pesticide residues were either BDL or < MRL in the majority of samples. In this study vegetable, fruits and grains are an important food item and proper care should be taken to use the very safe pesticide fort avoiding potential risks to human. It is, therefore, suggested that the food item collected from in and around Lucknow City, India is comparatively safe from pesticide residues. A periodical monitoring of pesticide residues in other food commodities is the recent need for the consumers as well as authorities of food quality control
Assessment of variation in carbon pool in Bamboo plantation and managed Agricultural system
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to quantify the carbon pool in two different vegetation systems, i.e. bamboo plantation and agricultural fields in the Tarai belt of Uttarakhand, India during 2011-13. Two bamboo plantation sites viz. Bambusa balcooa, Bambusa nutans, and two agricultural sites viz. C12, D7 were studied. The major parameters of the study involved litter decomposition study, carbon stocks in vegetation and soil, and carbon sequestration potential. The soil organic carbon stocks under the study sites B. balcooa, B. nutans, C12, and D7 were 65.40, 57.28, 37.48 and 36.32 t ha-1 respectively. Hence, the highest carbon sequestration potential was observed for B. balcooa plantation soil. The decomposition and nutrient dynamics in the decomposing leaves of the plantation were studied and regression equations were developed. In agricultural sites where crop rotation was main management practice applied, plant biomass carbon stock and soil carbon stock were estimated. In both sites (C12 and D7), biomass carbon stock was found very significant (5.28 and 5.12 t ha-1). In all sites, total biomass production was highest in B. balcooa (479.13 t ha-1) and so biomass carbon stock was too (233.84 t ha-1). Carbon sequestration potential was found more in biomass than in soil in the case of bamboo, but in agricultural sites, it was more in soil than biomass. Thus the present study clearly demonstrates that besides being an economic strength bamboo plant have shown encouraging results in the field of carbon sequestration potential. Also, the study has revealed the importance of agriculture in terms of carbon sequestration potential with the help of good management practices
Influence of Light-trap Catches on Sex Ratio of Insects and Infestation in the Field of Cucurbitaceae
Get PDFInsects are the curse for any type of crop and stored grains. Many techniques have been used so far to combat them. Pesticides are a major part of these techniques, but they also have negative aspects. In many European countries, the alternative techniques are, in practice, on low scale which is eco-friendly. Light-trap is one of them, which is used to study the effects on cucurbit insect pests in the present stud