Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Supplier involvement in eco-innovation: The co-development of electric, hybrid and fuel cell technologies within the Japanese automotive industry
No full textRecently, automakers have invested heavily in alternative fuel technologies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from vehicles. Yet we know comparatively little about how automakers work collaboratively with their suppliers to develop inter-organizational eco-innovations. We address this research gap and contribute to the eco-innovation literature by investigating whether suppliers' eco-innovation capabilities in electric, hybrid, and fuel cell technologies influence the degree of eco-innovation co-patenting between Toyota and its suppliers. We also expand research in the strategic alliance literature by exploring the moderating effects of alliance partner diversity. To test our research hypotheses we use data from firms in the Toyota supplier association together with negative binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Our empirical results demonstrate that supplier electric capabilities and supplier hybrid capabilities are positively related to the occurrence of eco-innovation co-patents. However, supplier fuel cell capabilitieshave no effect on eco-innovation co-patenting, especially as firms often choose to develop this technology in-house. Moreover, alliance partner diversity has a negative moderating effect on the relationships between supplier electric capabilities, supplier hybrid capabilities, and eco-innovation co-patents. Finally, we evaluate how our findings from the Toyota supplier association compare to similar Japanese automakers and their supplier networks.networks
A cross-brain regions study of ANK1 DNA methylation in different neurodegenerative diseases
No full textRecent epigenome-wide association studies in Alzheimer's disease have highlighted consistent robust neuropathology-associated DNA hypermethylation of the ankyrin 1 (ANK1) gene in the cortex. The extent to which altered ANK1 DNA methylation is also associated with other neurodegenerative diseases is not currently known. In the present study, we used bisulfite pyrosequencing to quantify DNA methylation across 8 CpG sites within a 118 bp region of the ANK1 gene across multiple brain regions in Alzheimer's disease, Vascular dementia, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. We demonstrate disease-associated ANK1 hypermethylation in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, whereas in donors with Vascular dementia and Dementia with Lewy bodies, we observed elevated ANK1 DNA methylation only in individuals with coexisting Alzheimer's disease pathology. We did not observe any disease-associated differential ANK1 DNA methylation in the striatum in Huntington's disease or the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Our data suggest that ANK1 is characterized by region and disease-specific differential DNA methylation in multiple neurodegenerative diseases.</p
ABox Abduction via Forgetting in ALC
No full textAbductive reasoning generates explanatory hypotheses for new observations using prior knowledge. This paper investigates the use of forgetting, also known as uniform interpolation, to perform ABox abduction in description logic (ALC) ontologies. Non-abducibles are specified by a forgetting signature which can contain concept, but not role, symbols. The resulting hypotheses are semantically minimal and consist of a disjunction of ABox axioms. These disjuncts are each independent explanations, and are not redundant with respect to the background ontology or the other disjuncts, representing a form of hypothesis space. The observations and hypotheses handled by the method can contain both atomic or complex ALC concepts, excluding role assertions, and are not restricted to Horn clauses. Two approaches to redundancy elimination are explored in practice: full and approximate. Using a prototype implementation, experiments were performed over a corpus of real world ontologies to investigate the practicality of both approaches across several settings
What factors affect clinical decision-making about access to stroke rehabilitation?: A systematic review
No full textObjectives To determine the factors affecting clinical decision-making about which patients should receive stroke rehabilitation.Methods Data sources (MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED and Psychinfo) were searched systematically from database inception date to August 2018. Full text English language studies of data from stroke clinicians were included. Studies of patients were excluded. Included studies were any design focussed on clinical decision-making for referral or admission into stroke rehabilitation. Summary factors were compiled from each included study. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Results After removing duplicates 1915 papers were identified, of which thirteen met the inclusion criteria. Eight included studies were qualitative, one used mixed methods. A total of 292 clinicians were included in the studies. Quality of included studies was mixed. Patient-level and organisational factors, as well as characteristics of individual clinicians contributed to decisions about rehabilitation. The most often described factors were patients’ pre- and post-stroke function (n=6 studies), presence of dementia (n=6), patients’ social/family support (n=6), organisational service pressures (n=7) and the decision-making clinician’s own knowledge (n=5) and emotions (n=5).Conclusion The results highlight a lack of clinical guidance to aid decision-making, and reveal a subjective approach to rehabilitation decision-making influenced by patient-level and organisational factors alongside clinicians’ characteristics occurs across services and countries.<br/
A systematic literature review to explore how staff in schools describe how a sense of belonging is created for their pupils
No full textPupils have been found to be more motivated, engaged and dedicated to their education if they experience a sense of belonging in their school environment. This systematic literature review aimed to explore descriptions of how staff in secondary schools create a sense of belonging for their pupils. Databases, including PsycINFO: Ovid online, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) and EBSCOhost were searched for relevant qualitative research studies. PRISMA guidelines were followed, to identify, screen and select relevant research papers, resulting in 5 studies being screened against a recognised scoring framework. The current systematic literature review identified methods that were perceived to be useful when supporting pupils to develop a sense of belonging within their secondary school environment, both at the individual staff and whole school, systemic level. Limitations of the review are identified and directions for further research are also discussed
Corporate Management, Labor Relations, and Community Building at the East India Company’s Blackwall Dockyard, 1600–57
No full textThis essay offers a social history of the labor relations established by the English East India Company at its Blackwall Dockyard in East London from 1615–45. It uses all of the relevant evidence from the company’s minute books and printed bylaws and from petitions to the company to assemble a full account of the relationships formed between skilled and unskilled workers, managers, and company officials. Challenging other historians’ depictions of early modern dockyards as sites for class confrontation, this essay offers a more agile account of the hierarchies within the yard to suggest how and why the workforce used its considerable power to challenge management and when and why it was successful in doing so. Overall, the essay suggests that the East India Company developed and prioritized a broader social constituency around the dockyard over particular labor lobbies to preempt accusations that it abdicated its social responsibilities. In this way, the company reconciled the competing interests of profit (as a joint stock company with investors) and social responsibility by, to some extent, assuming the social role of its progenitor organizations—the livery company and the borough corporation
When the Periphery Laughs:Locality and Humor in Contemporary Art from Greece and Bosnia and Herzegovina
No full textThis article examines the use of humor in contemporary art from two nations understood as “peripheral” states within Europe: Greece and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Focusing on the concepts of “locality” and “visibility,” this article makes clear the way artists from both nations are framed as local narrators with a “geopolitical burden.” This burden entails the responsibility to represent national histories and trauma, often leading to a reading of art practice as overdetermined through the prism of local representation and national identity. Focusing on the work of two artists from both regions that are highly visible on the international art circuit (Stefanos Tsivopoulos and Mladen Miljanović), this article investigates the way that humor in contemporary art mediates this burden by establishing a local identity “code” that serves to mobilize antinationalist politics and problematize external normative perceptions of regions in “crisis.” In so doing, this article aims to demonstrate how humor harnesses a performance of marginality to undermine stereotypes of life under crisis, while offering alternative views both of each nation’s past and its way forward into the future
PVDF membranes containing reduced graphene oxide: effect of degree of reduction on membrane distillation performance
No full textHydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have been successfully used in membrane distillation (MD) for desalination applications; however, there is still room for performance enhancements both regarding water flux and salt rejection. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoplatelets with different degrees of reduction (36%, 58%, 65 and 69% removal of oxygen, as characterized by XPS) were incorporated as fillers in PVDF matrices in order to evaluate the effect of the oxygen content of the fillers in the MD performance. UV-Vis and raman spectroscopies were also used to characterize the fabricated rGO. Changes in morphology of the prepared mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were related to the increased hydrophilicity and viscosity of the casting solutions when fillers were added. MMMs containing 0.5 wt% rGO with an optimum degree of reduction of 58% exhibited an improved MD performance, with fluxes of ~7.0 L m-2 h-1 (LMH), representing an enhancement of ~169% in comparison with the plain PVDF membrane, without compromising salt rejection (greater than 99.99%). Continuous testing for up to 96 h showed a stable performance of the developed MMMs, without compromising the quality of the permeate
Spatial distribution and temporal trends in social fragmentation in England, 2001 to 2011: a national study
No full textObjective Social fragmentation is commonly examined in epidemiological studies of mental illness as high levels of social fragmentation are often found in areas with high prevalence of mental illness. In this study, we examine spatial and temporal patterns of social fragmentation and its underlying indicators in England over time.Setting Data for social fragmentation and its underlying indicators were analysed over the decennial Censuses (2001–2011) at a small area geographical level (mean of 1500 people). Degrees of social fragmentation and temporal changes were spatially visualised for the whole of England and its 10 administrative regions. Spatial clustering was quantified using Moran’s I; changes in correlations over time were quantified using Spearman’s ranking correlation.Results Between 2001 and 2011, we observed a strong persistence for social fragmentation nationally (Spearman’s r=0.93). At the regional level, modest changes were observed over time, but marked increases were observed for two of the four social fragmentation underlying indicators, namely single people and those in private renting. Results supported our hypothesis of increasing spatial clustering over time. Moderate regional variability was observed in social fragmentation, its underlying indicators and their clustering over time.Conclusion Patterns of social fragmentation and its underlying indicators persisted in England which seem to be driven by the large increases in single people and those in private renting. Policies to improve social cohesion may have an impact on the lives of persons who experience mental illness. The spatial aspect of social fragmentation can inform the targeting of health and social care interventions, particularly in areas with strong social fragmentation clustering
Biochemical signatures of acclimation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to different ionic stresses
No full textGreen microalgae can acclimate over short timescales to changing environmental conditions; however, it is unclear how acclimation, or phenotypic adaptation, alters the organism's metabolism and whether there are conserved responses to different stresses. Following six weeks of exposure, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii could tolerate 100 mM Na+, 100 μM Cu2+, and 35 mM PO43− and partially tolerate 25 mM NH4+, 150 mM Na+ and 150 μM Cu2+. Acclimation was coincident with increased growth rate and reduced cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was indicative of enhanced ROS scavenging. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated distinct metabolic fingerprints of acclimated cells for each stress condition in comparison to non-acclimated cells and to non-stressed cells. Carbon allocation varied in response to stress but also following acclimation. In particular, Na+ stress increased intracellular neutral lipid content but this response was significantly reduced in acclimated cells, while carbohydrate content was enhanced in cells acclimated to excess Cu2+. Acclimation of C. reinhardtii to Na+ allowed enhanced tolerance of multiple stresses simultaneously, while the other acclimated cell lines did not display any advantage. While acclimation of C. reinhardtii to different ionic stresses elicits distinct metabolic signatures within the cells, enhanced ROS detoxification appears to be a conserved acclimation response