Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Acts, Events, and Stories. on the History of Danto's Compatibilist Narrativism
No full textThe response given to C.G. Hempel's well-known challenge by Arthur Danto in his Analytical Philosophy of History of 1965 - that deductive-nomological and narrative explanations are logically compatible yet employ incommensurable schemata - is here investigated from a historical perspective. It is shown that the developmental trajectory that emerges from an analysis of Danto's previous writings - including not only a forgotten paper of 1958 but also his PhD dissertation of 1952 - contains distinctive step-changes with publications of 1953 and 1956 still prior to that of 1958-59 which enabled his subsequent discovery of narrative sentences. It is also argued that Danto's developmental trajectory runs contrary to that presumed by some prominent commentators. Analytical History of Philosophy was not the midpoint of his ascent from mainstream philosopher of science to high priest of postmodern aesthetics, but represents a reasoned retreat from his early historical idealism.</p
Do Clinical Correlates of Knee Osteoarthritis Predict Outcome of Intraarticular Steroid Injections?
No full textObjective To determine if clinical correlates of knee osteoarthritis(OA) affect likelihood of outcome to intra-articular steroid injections(IASI) in symptomatic knee OA. Methods Men and women aged≥40 years with painful knee OA who participated in an open label trial of IASI completed questionnaires and clinical examination. OMERACT-OARSI criteria were used to assess response to therapy in the short-term(within 2-weeks). Among those who initially responded, those whose pain had not returned to within 20% of the baseline KOOS-pain score at 6-months were characterised as longer-term responders. Log binomial regression was used to examine factors associated with outcome. Results 199 participants were included, of whom 146(73.4%) were short-term and 40(20.1%) longer-term responders. Compared to short-term non-responders, participants with medial joint-line tenderness(RR=1.42;1.10-1.82), medial & lateral joint-line tenderness(RR=1.38;1.03-1.84), patellofemoral tenderness(RR=1.27;1.04-1.55), anserine tenderness(RR=1.27;1.06-1.52) and a belief that treatment would be effective(RR/unit increase, [range 0-10]=1.05;1.01-1.09), were more likely to be short-term responders. Aspiration of joint fluid(RR=0.79;0.66-0.95) and previous ligament/meniscus injury(RR=0.63;0.44-0.91) were associated with a reduced risk of being a short-term responder. Compared to initial non-responders and those whose pain recurred within 6-months, participants with higher number of pain sites(RR/unit increase, [range 0-10]=0.83;0.72-0.97), chronic widespread pain(RR=0.32;0.10-0.98), perceived chronicity of disease(RR/unit increase, [range 0-10]=0.86;0.78-0.94) and a higher depression score(RR/unit increase, [range 0-21]=0.89;0.81-0.99) were less likely to be longer-term responders. Conclusion Among patients with symptomatic knee OA, tenderness around the knee was associated with better short-term outcome to IASI. However, clinical-related factors did not predict longer-term response while those with chronic widespread pain and depressive symptoms were less likely to obtain longer-term benefit
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Computational Study of New (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>'-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide
No full textAn efficient synthesis of the new (E)-N′-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide is described. Its molecular structural features have been characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS, then have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Quantum chemical calculations including molecular geometry, intermolecular H-bonds and vibrational frequencies were carried out for the structures to explain stability and geometry using the hybrid density functional (DFT/B3LYP) in conjunction with 6-311 + G(d,p) basis set. The calculated structural and vibrational parameters are presented and compared with their experimental X-ray and FTIR counterparts. The global minimum and local minima ground states characteristics of the title compound and its rotamers have been theoretically established through 2D potential energy scan and vibrational frequencies. Computational analysis predicted that head-to-tail E/E-dimer of the observed E-isomer has significantly stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding in solution rather than in the gaseous state. It is found that Nsingle bondH and Cdouble bondO vibrational bands suffering blue-shift due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). Weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds that have been detected in the monomeric form in the gaseous state and in solution are lacking in trimers and tetramers due to loss of planarity in the molecular structure. Optimization in solution clearly shows that the strength of the IHBs decreased exponentially with dielectric continuum of the solvent used. Inexistence of solvent/monomer intermolecular hydrogen bonds has been explained in terms of Condensed Fukui Functions
The subject-object asymmetry revisited: Experimental and computational approaches to the role of information structure in children’s argument omissions
No full textIn two studies, we investigated the relation between information structure and argument omission in German child language in order to quantify to what extent the subject-object hypothesis (i.e., subjects are omitted more often than objects) is influenced by discourse pragmatics. Twenty four children took part in an elicited production study in which they produced transitive subject-verb-object and object-verb-subject sentences. Both constructions are instances of a topic-comment information structure. The results showed that 3;6 year-old children omitted subjects and objects alike when the arguments assumed topics status and were placed in utterance-initial position. In a second study, we then assessed whether a model of language learning implemented with a recency bias (resulting in learning from the end of utterances) would produce similar omission rates of initial arguments. The model was found to be sensitive to the frequency with which both word orders occurred in the input: initial objects were omitted more often than initial subjects, the pattern found in German caregiver speech. The results suggest that argument omission is heavily influenced by information structure and that a subject-object asymmetry per se does not exist.</p
Unhappy performatives of statehood: Staging incompatible narratives of Eritrea through academic conferences
No full textIn this article I analyze two conferences held on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Eritrean independence as "unhappy performatives" in J. L. Austin's sense. My analysis is based on my personal and emotional investment in both conferences - a position that gave me a unique understanding. Using a performance studies lens offers new ways of understanding the dynamics of the scholarship about international politics thereby contributing to wider debates on how performances of truths often replace truth
Constituent Power and European Constitutionalism
No full textThis chapter discusses the role of constituent power in European constitutionalism in two senses, and in two perspectives. First, it addresses the classical theory of constituent power, and it examines the linkage between this doctrine and processes of constitution making in national polities in Europe. Second, it addresses the more distinctive application of this doctrine in recent patterns of constitutional formation, focused in particular on the interaction between national polities and the European Union (EU). The theory of constituent power is broadly conceived as a doctrine of governmental legitimacy, which states that a political system can only legitimately perform its core functions if it reflects founding decisions of a sovereign people, and if the exercise of political power is constrained by constitutional norms established in such decisions. In the UK, the idea that accession to the EU somehow undermined a long-standing tradition of consensual national self-legislation is very pervasive and often declared as a simple political fact
Design, instrumentation and usage protocols for distributed in-situ thermal hot spots monitoring in electric coils using FBG sensor multiplexing
No full textRandom wound coils are a key operational element of most electric apparatus in modern industrial systems, including low voltage electric machines. One of the major current bottlenecks in improved exploitation of electrical devices is the high sensitivity of their wound components to in-service thermal stress. The application of conventional thermal sensing methods (e.g., thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors) for thermal condition monitoring of current carrying random wound coils can impose considerable operational limitations due to sensor size, EMI sensitivity and the existence of electrically conductive material in their construction. Another substantial limitation exists in distributed sensing applications and is caused by what is often a considerable length and volume of conventional sensor wiring leads.This paper reports the design of a fiber optic FBG sensing system intended for enabling real-time distributed internal thermal condition monitoring within random wound coils. The procedure of random wound coil instrumentation with the FBG sensing system is reported in a case study on an IEEE standard wound coil representative of those utilized in electrical machines. The reported work also presents and discusses important practical and technical aspects of FBG sensing system implementation and application, including the FBG array geometry design, sensing head and fiber packaging, the sensor array installation and calibration procedure and the use of a commercial interrogation system for obtaining thermal measurements. Finally, the in situ multiplexed FBG sensing system thermal monitoring performance is demonstrated in representative static and dynamic thermal conditions. <br/
The 85% bed occupancy fallacy:The use, misuse and insights of queuing theory
No full textQueuing theory can, and has, been used to inform bed pool capacity decision making, though rarely by managers themselves. The insights it brings are also not widely and properly understood by healthcare managers. These two shortcomings lead to the persistent fallacy of there being a globally-applicable optimum average occupancy target, for example 85%, which can in turn lead to over- or under-provision of resources. Through this paper we aim both to make queuing models more accessible and to provide visual demonstrations of the general insights managers should absorb from queuing theory. Occupancy is a consequence of the patient arrival rate and ‘treatment’ rate (the number of beds and length of stay). There is a trade-off between the average occupancy and access to beds (measured by, for example, the risk of access block due to all beds being full or the average waiting time for a bed). Managerially, the decision making input should be the level of access to beds required, and so bed occupancy should be an output. Queuing models are useful to quickly draw the shape of these access-occupancy trade-off curves. Moreover, they can explicitly show the effect that variation (lack of regularity) in the times between arrivals and in the lengths of stay of individual patients has on the shape of the trade-off curves. In particular, with the same level of access, bed pools subject to lower variation can operate at higher average occupancy. Further, to improve access to a bed pool reducing variation should be considered. <br/
Composite super-moiré lattices in double aligned graphene heterostructures
No full textWhen two-dimensional atomic crystals are brought into close proximity to form a van der Waals heterostructure, neighbouring crystals can start influencing each other’s electronic properties. Of particular interest is the situation when the periodicity of the two crystals closely match and a moiré pattern forms, which results in specific electron scattering, reconstruction of electronic and excitonic spectra, crystal reconstruction, and many other effects. Thus, formation of moiré patterns is a viable tool of controlling the electronic properties of 2D materials. At the same time, the difference in the interatomic distances for the two crystals combined, determines the range in which the electronic spectrum is reconstructed, and thus is a barrier to the low energy regime. Here we present a way which allows spectrum reconstruction at all energies. By using graphene which is aligned simultaneously to two hexagonal boron nitride layers, one can make electrons scatter in the differential moiré pattern, which can have arbitrarily small wavevector and, thus results in spectrum reconstruction at arbitrarily low energies. We demonstrate that the strength of such a potential relies crucially on the atomic reconstruction of graphene within the differential moiré super-cell
Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 191 likely target genes
No full textGenome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium, and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (eQTL), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways, were over-represented among the highest confidence target genes