Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
Not a member yet
69002 research outputs found
Sort by
A Probabilistic Procedure for Anonymisation, for Assessing the Risk of Re-identification and for the Analysis of Perturbed Datasets
No full textThe requirement to anonymise datasets that are to be released for secondary analysis should be balanced by the need to allow their analysis to provide efficient and consistent parameter estimates. The proposal in this paper is to integrate the process of anonymisation and data analysis. The first stage uses the addition of random noise with known distributional properties to some or all variables in a released (already pseudonymised) data set where the values of some identifying and sensitive variables for data subjects of interest are also available to an external ‘attacker’ who wishes to identify those data subjects so that they can interrogate their records in the dataset. The second, analysis, stage accounts for the noise addition in the data to provide required parameter estimates. Where the characteristics of the noise are made available to the analyst by the data provider , we propose a new method that allows a valid analysis. This is formally a measurement error model and we describe a Bayesian MCMC algorithm that recover consistent estimates of the true model parameters. A novel method for handling categorical data is presented. The paper shows how an appropriate noise distribution can be determined
Violence, Urban Anxieties and Masculinities: The ‘foot soldiers’ of 2002, Ahmedabad.
No full textThis paper engages with retrospective accounts of young Dalit men and their participation in the communal conflict of 2002 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. My ethnographic landscape is Gomtipur, a densely populated mixed (Dalit and Muslim) suburban neighbourhood that developed in the 1960s and 1970s to house the migrant mill workers who had moved into the city from other parts of Gujarat and India more widely. The de-industrialisation process of the 1980s and the subsequent rise of Hindu nationalism in the neighbourhoods meant that the 1990s and 2000s saw increasing segregation along religious lines and a rise in communal conflicts. Second- and third-generation migrant men were recruited into the nationalist project as ‘foot soldiers’ to execute violence in 2002. Material benefits and social mobility have been proposed as the main explanations for their participation. These narratives, when juxtaposed against the history of de-industrialisation in the area, reveal the men’s ambiguous and contradictory relationship with Hindu nationalism, their justifications for participation in the violence and a nuanced and structured co-option of them through signs and symbols and a systematic recreation of caste and class hierarchies.</p
Are older people any different from younger people in the way they want to interact with robots? Scenario based survey
No full textBackgroundNumerous projects, normally run by younger people, are exploring robot use by older people. But are older any different from younger people in the way they want to interact with robots? Understanding older compared to younger people’s preferences will give researchers more insight into good design. We compared views on multi-modal human-robot interfaces, of older people living independently, with students and university staff.MethodsWe showed 96 participants aged under 65 and 18 aged 65+, six videos presenting different scenarios, including interfaces both working properly and failing, for an older man interacting with a robot by speech and touch screen tablet. Participants were asked about the interfaces they might use and why, using self-completed questionnaires with mainly open-ended questions.ResultsPeople over 65 were more like people under 21 than those aged 22-64 (78%, 67%, 47% respectively) in preferring speech over tablet for robot-human interaction. But reasons for doing so may differ, for example, hearing and eyesight impairment Vs speaking while hands full. Older participants were more likely (83% Vs 55%) to want a robot in the house than those under 65. Older people were as familiar with tablets and smart speakers as younger people, but less likely to use smart phones. Some younger people suggested interacting with robot via their smart phone, and while not at home. Answers to similar questions about preferences for robot interaction varied according to position in the questionnaire.ConclusionsUser-centred design of human-robot interfaces should include open questions to understand people’s preferences, should account for question wording and order in interpreting user preferences, and should include people of all age ranges to better understand interface use. Older people’s technology needs have differences and similarities to the younger people who are likely carrying out the research. Our sample of older people were more like people under 21 than those aged in between in for preference of robot-human interaction, and more willing to have a robot in the home than younger people. Differences may come from a more home based lifestyle and difficulties with vision, hearing, or dexterity rather than lack of interest in technology
The Masnavi of Jalaloddin Rumi Vol. 1:A New English Translation with Persian Text and Explanatory Notes
No full textThis first volume is a complete revision of my previous metrical English translation of Book 1 of the great 13th Century mystical poet Rumi's magnum opus, The Masnavi, in a much expanded book that includes an edition and critical apparatus of the Persian text from the oldest manuscripts, complete with a new author's Introduction, analytical index of stories and discourses, and revised explanatory notes
How Coherence Works. Reading, Re-Reading and Inner-Biblical Exegesis
No full textIn this article I sketch out a new theory of reading from a phenomenological point of view, and proceed to use it to explore underlying assumptions of certain types of biblical criticism. I argue that readers live through a non-deliberate synthesis of the way sentence meanings in a text relate to each other. This synthesis is best understood as a special case of the largely non-conscious synthesis that characterizes experience more generally. Such »passive« syntheses can become selectively transformed into explicit interpretations through the reader's reflection on them, and they form the reader's encounters with textual coherence and incoherence. The meaning contents of tacit syntheses, once partially articulated by readers, are linked to historically situated assumptions about the world and texts, including culturally prevalent or trained habits of reading. Trained habits can include the expectation of textual inconsistency, as in some branches of biblical studies, and the expectation of divine allusiveness, as in the case of rabbinic Midrash. Re-reading a text or memorizing it can influence what readers passively synthesize. I use these theoretical positions to explore my experience of reading Genesis 12, in the light of Genesis 20 as its »inner-biblical exegesis
Local Government Web-based Services for Neighbourhood Planning
No full textThis chapter looks at the use of a web-based PSS to support participation in the development of a neighbourhood plan in England, a new community led approach to planning. We outline the development of the toolkit, the capabilities and functions of the system and how it dealt with baseline analysis, participatory mapping and some of the monitoring and evaluation functions. The aim of our work was to assist in overcoming one of the great challenges facing communities wishing to develop their own plans and the difficulties they face in mobilising technical and planning expertise, in particular to meet the legal requirement to produce the evidence base for the neighbourhood. We report on the development and deployment of the toolkit and then discuss the lessons and what we see as future improvements. Many of the challenges around user engagement still persist today as they did 20 years ago when we first start this type of work
Inference in Second-Order Identified Models
No full textWe explore the local power properties of different test statistics for conducting inference in moment condition models that only identify the parameters locally to second order. We consider the conventional Wald and LM statistics, and also the Generalized Anderson–Rubin (GAR) statistic (Anderson and Rubin, 1949; Dufour, 1997; Staiger and Stock, 1997; Stock and Wright, 2000), KLM statistic (Kleibergen, 2002; Kleibergen, 2005) and the GMM extension of Moreira (2003) (GMM-M) conditional likelihood ratio statistic. The GAR, KLM and GMM-M statistics are so-called “identification robust” since their (conditional) limiting distribution is the same under first-order, weak and therefore also second order identification. For inference about the model specification, we consider the identification-robust J statistic (Kleibergen, 2005), and the GAR statistic. Interestingly, we find that the limiting distribution of the Wald statistic under local alternatives not only depends on the distance to the null hypothesis but also on the convergence rate of the Jacobian. We specifically analyse two empirically relevant models with second order identification. In the panel autoregressive model of order one, our analysis indicates that the Wald test of a unit root value of the autoregressive parameter has better power compared to the corresponding GAR test which, in turn, dominates the KLM, GMM-M and LM tests. For the conditionally heteroskedastic factor model, we compare Kleibergen (2005) J and the GAR statistics to Hansen (1982) overidentifying restrictions test (previously analysed in this context by Dovonon and Renault, 2013) and find the power ranking depends on the sample size. Collectively, our results suggest that tests with meaningful power can be conducted in second-order identified models.</p
Neurophysiological and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Mechanisms Which Impair Safety of Swallow in Chronic Post-stroke Patients
No full textOropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a common post-stroke complication and is associated with respiratory infections. The aim was to assess the biomechanical impairments in swallow function and the afferent and efferent swallowing pathways impairing swallow safety in chronic post-stroke patients. We studied 30 patients with unilateral stroke and chronic OD (> 3 months from stroke onset) with impaired safety of swallow (Penetration–Aspiration Scale [PAS] ≥ 2). We evaluated the efficacy, safety, and kinematics of the swallow response (residue, PAS, laryngeal vestibule closure time [LVCT]) with videofluoroscopy, sensory evoked potentials to pharyngeal electrical stimulation (pSEP), and pharyngeal motor evoked potentials (pMEP) to transcranial magnetic stimulation of both hemispheres. Mean age of patients was 70.1 ± 10.9 years (7 women). Stroke severity at onset was moderate (NIHSS median 10 [IQ range 3–11.5]), and modified Rankin Scale 2.8 ± 1.3. Mean PAS was 5.1 ± 1.9; prevalence of delayed LVCT was 86.7% and 30% presented aspirations. Pharyngeal hypoesthesia was present in 46.7% of patients and 92.3% showed abnormally asymmetrical pSEPs when comparing the ipsilesional with the contralesional hemisphere. Increased duration of swallow was associated with lower pSEP amplitude (P1-N2) in the contralesional hemisphere (p = 0.033). Patients with right hemispheric strokes showed greater reduction of pSEPs amplitude (N1-P1, p = 0.049). In contrast, pharyngeal resting motor threshold and pMEPs were symmetric in 73.3% patients without the physiologic hemispheric dominance. Mild-to-moderate disabled chronic post-stroke patients with OD presented severe impaired biomechanics of swallow response and high prevalence of aspirations. Initial results from the neurophysiological evaluation demonstrated prevalent impairments with disrupted integration of pharyngeal sensory inputs and reduced cortical excitability of efferent pathways. Patients with right hemispheric strokes showed poorer neurophysiological responses
A cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of cough and its impact in patients with lung cancer:A patient unmet need
No full textBackground: There is absence of literature related to cough prevalence and its characteristics in lung cancer patients, with information deriving only from broader symptoms occurrence studies. The aims of this study were to provide a snapshot of the prevalence of all-cause-cough in lung cancer patients and to characterise cough in terms of its impact and severity. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruiting consecutive lung cancer patients over a pre-defined period of time and using cough-specific validated tools in a tertiary referral centre in the UK, including a cough severity VAS and the Manchester Cough in Lung Cancer scale (MCLCS). Results: Data was collected from 202 patients. All-cause cough prevalence was 57% (through VAS) both in the screened (N = 223) and research (N = 202) population or 67% (through the MCLCS), and cough severity was moderate at a mean of 32 mm (in a 100 mm VAS). Age, sex, smoking status, lung cancer histology, stage and comorbidities were not associated with cough prevalence. The only variable associated with lower cough reports was being 'on anticancer treatment'; fewer patients on treatment reported a cough (40%) compared to those off treatment (54%) (p = 0.04). The impact of cough (as measured by MCLCS) was also significant (mean score = 22). About 18% of patients felt moderate/severe distress from their cough and about 15% often or always reported disturbed sleep due to coughing. Half the patients felt their cough warranted treatment. Conclusions: Cough is a common symptom in lung cancer with considerable impact on patients' lives. Cough presence and severity should regularly be assessed in clinical practice. There is an urgent need to focus on developing more potent antitussive treatments and improve the management of this complex and distressing symptom.</p
Tobacco Smoking and the Political Imagination during the Mao Era
No full textTobacco consumption jumped from 80 billion cigarettes in 1949 to 1.7 trillion in the mid-1990s as the Chinese smoked “a third of the world’s total”. What led to this? Unlike other regimes from the late Ming to the early Republican era, the CCP mounted no prohibition campaigns against tobacco; neither did it have any policy on its consumption. This article turns to alternative sources: propagandistic art, children’s pictorials and cigarette packs to demonstrate how cigarette smoking was portrayed and communicated, and how these advertisements of that particular era might have contributed to the explosion of consumption in the Mao and immediate post-Mao eras. More than that, the article exposes why the regime left tobacco alone and argues that the CCP is a tobacco regime as it used smoking to serve political ends. More than a generation was lost, not to revolution but to smoking