Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Technology, translation
No full textCritical engagement with the role of technologies in translation has been slow in emergingwithin translation studies but has been gathering pace since the second decade of thiscentury. As translation becomes more fully understood as social practice and is increasinglystudied through sociological lenses, the materials and tools involved in that practice are alsobeginning to come to the fore. The practice of translating, like writing, has always involvedtechnologies, and those technologies have emerged and evolved over time in relation to asociety’s cultural and socioeconomic needs. Gabrial (2008) traces the development ofmanual, mechanical and electric/electronic writing technologies, from stone inscriptions toink quills on parchment, from printing presses to typewriters, from Morse code to desktoppublishing. Many of these developments depended, in turn, on other technologies,including paper production, universal postal systems, the personal computer and theinternet. Much of the history of translation technologies could be narrated along similarlines. However, when translation technologies are discussed by translation scholars, thefocus tends to be limited to digital technologies and, even more specifically, to translationmemory (TM) and machine translation (MT) software. For instance, Chan’s (2015) overviewof the history of translation technology starts in 1967. Other narratives typically begin in the1950s, with the development of machine translation systems (Hutchins 2015). A notableexception is Cronin’s (2013) Translation in the Digital Age, one of the few examples ofscholarship that engages profoundly with notions of technology and translation throughtheir long histories, into present-day contexts and beyond
Material-temporal registers of belonging:Theorising the interplay between temporality and the built environment
No full textThis paper explores the interplay of temporality and the built environment in diverging discourses of belonging at Claremont Court, a modernist housing scheme in Edinburgh which was designed in 1958 by Sir Basil Spence, a key figure of post-war architecture. It explores belonging to place as a complex temporal process, in which the individual is connected to the built environment through various material–temporal registers. While existing analyses of belonging demonstrate that it is a fundamentally temporal experience, not enough is known about belonging as a temporal phenomenon. To fill this gap, our analysis reveals how multiple temporalities of the built environment are entwined with residents’ biographies, everyday life and future aspirations, which shape their varied sense of belonging. To conclude, we argue not only for theorising the temporal nature of belonging, but also how the temporality of the built environment shapes people’s sense of belonging. In doing so, we extend the literature on belonging by theorising the relationship between temporality and the built environment with the help of the concept of material–temporal registers
Inscriptions of Nature:Geology and the Naturalization of Antiquity
No full textInscriptions of Nature investigates the historical processes through which the past became naturalised. It explores how the deep past of nature became pervasive in historical imagination. In doing so, it challenges the way we have imagined the relationship between nature and history. It argues that how we think about the past became indelibly stained by our ideas of the deep history of nature, landscape and geography in the nineteenth century. The book studies these processes along the banks of Yamuna and Ganga, in the Himalayan crests, in the deep ravines and forests of central India, and in their associated myths and legends. The book shows that due to this naturalization of the past, geomythologies acquired powerful naturalised motifs in India. This became especially vivid and articulated in the nineteenth century when myths were linked to specific geographical sites and geological phenomenon. In other words, myths appeared real as they were inscribed into the landscape and thereby into the deep past of the nation
Affective Disorder: The Politics of Unprincipled Emotion in Glauber Rocha’s Terra em transe
No full textCaetano Veloso claims that the outrage or ‘trauma’ Glauber Rocha’s film Terra em transe [‘Entranced Earth’] (1967) provoked, particularly amongst Brazil’s left-wing intelligentsia, precipitated the varied forms of countercultural production known as Tropicália. This article examines how the film articulates its ‘traumatic’ political and ethical agenda through the manipulation of sensation and emotion, especially through its unlikely insistence on love in the midst of political turmoil. The article maintains that by espousing what might be termed an affective art of relationality, Rocha appears less concerned with representing transcendent ideals and more with generating affects, qualities of feeling or sensations, which resist categorical interpretation. This resistance to, or disruption of, representation and epistemological conventions through affect in Terra em transe constitutes an attempt to intervene ethically and politically in the world in a non-partisan fashion. This article redresses gaps in widely accepted readings of one of the most important films in the history of Brazilian cinema and seeks to expand the discussion of affect theory in the context of cinema
Should we video OSCEs for student appeals?
No full textBackground: Those setting objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs) are likely to encounter candidates who dispute the examiners’ scores and feedback. At our own institution, candidates have requested video recording to aid in later academic appeals. Before ceding to such requests, we wished to be certain that the marking of recorded OSCEs would give comparable results to live marking, and that technical challenges could be met within reasonable cost. Methods: We adopted a mixed-methods approach to explore the use of video recording OSCEs. Following an initial literature review, we surveyed and interviewed the assessment leads of UK medical schools and postgraduate institutions setting high stakes OSCEs to explore their views and experience in using recordings as part of summative OSCE assessments. Results: Results from our literature review reveal inconsistent findings about the comparability of marks awarded from video marking and those awarded by examiner in-station marking, with suggestions that video marking generates lower scores. The majority of UK medical education institutions were neither videoing OSCEs nor considering doing so. Many logistical and assessor-related drawbacks to video review were identified, with significant concerns raised about how such a process could be feasibly managed. Discussion: Although the videoing of OSCEs may superficially appear an easy solution to provide defensibility of the process, the potential use is beset with challenge, going beyond purely logistical and technical difficulties. The use of videoing for the purpose of OSCE appeals is not currently supported by the literature, nor by the majority of UK undergraduate and postgraduate medical education institutions delivering high-stakes summative OSCEs.</p
Darwin on the Cutting-Room Floor: Evolution, Religion, and Film Censorship
No full textIn the mid-twentieth century, film studios sent their screenplays to the Hays Office, Hollywood’s official censorship body, and to the Catholic Church’s Legion of Decency for approval and recommendations for revision. This essay examines how filmmakers crafted stories involving evolutionary biology and how religiously motivated movie censorship groups modified these cinematic narratives in order to depict what they considered to be more appropriate visions of humanity’s origins. I find that censorship groups were concerned about the perceived impact of science fiction cinema on the public’s belief systems and on the wider cultural meanings of evolution. By controlling the stories told about evolution in science fiction cinema, censorship organizations believed that they could regulate the broader cultural meanings of evolution itself. But this is not a straightforward story of “science” versus “religion.” There were significant differences among these groups as to how to censor evolution, as well as changes in their attitudes toward evolutionary content over time. As a result, I show how censorship groups adopted diverse perspectives, depending on their perception of what constituted a morally appropriate science fiction story about evolution
Gestural delay and gestural reduction. Articulatory variation in /l/-vocalisation in Southern British English
No full textThe vocalisation of /l/, as currently observed in Southern British English (SBE), involves weakening of the consonantal tongue tip (TT) gesture. Such weakening can be conceptualised in terms of spatial reduction, where the magnitude of the TT gesture is decreased, or in terms of temporal delay, where the tongue tip gesture occurs relatively late, sometimes becoming masked. In this paper, we use a corpus of articulatory (ultrasound) data to tease apart the relative contribution of delay and reduction in ongoing /l/-vocalisation in SBE. The most extreme case of vocalisation we observe involves deletion of the TT gesture. More frequently, we find gradient reduction in gestural magnitude, which may be accompanied by gestural delay. For one of our speakers, the TT gesture is delayed to the point of becoming covert. However, the considerable delay observed in this case is proportional to the advanced degree of gestural reduction. We argue for an interpretation where /l/-vocalisation is primarily a spatial phenomenon, and delay is mostly a secondary manifestation of weakening. We consider the significance of our findings to more abstractionist approaches, and their view of /l/-vocalisation as a categorical phenomenon
A Peterloo Parade
No full text'A Peterloo Parade‘ is a mash-up celebration of historical and contemporary protest rally chants, especially drawing on music performed at St Peter’s Square, Manchester on 16 August 1819. The research source for this work exists as a stand-alone piano work, 'The People Protesting Drum Out Bigly Covfefe' which was broadcast on BBC Radio 3’s ‘Record Review’ 19 Jan 2019 from the Coviello CD on which it is published. 'A Peterloo Parade' was performed by The Orchestra of Opera North on 3, 4, 5, 11, 25 May 2019 throughout Leeds and Bradford. The commission is funded by Arts Council England, The RVW Trust and the Ida Carroll Trust