Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Playing the Game:Precarity and the dilemma of land rights in a gentrifying favela, Rio de Janeiro
No full textAn Ensemble of Neural Models for Nested Adverse Drug Events and Medication Extraction with Subwords
No full textObjective: This paper describes an ensembling system to automatically extract adverse drug events (ADEs) and drug related entities from clinical narratives, which was developed for the 2018 n2c2 Shared Task Track 2.Materials and Methods: We designed a neural model to tackle both nested (entities embedded in other entities) and polysemous entities (entities annotated with multiple semantic types) based on MIMIC III discharge summaries. To better represent rare and unknown words in entities, we further tokenised the MIMIC III dataset by splitting the words into finer-grained subwords. We finally combined all the models to boost the performance. Additionally, we implemented a featured-based CRF model and created an ensemble to combine its predictions with those of the neural model.Results: Our method achieved 92.78% lenient micro F1-score with 95.99% lenient precision and 89.79% lenient recall, respectively. Experimental results showed that combining the predictions of either multiple models, or of a single model with different settings can improve performance. Discussion: Analysis of the development set showed that our neural models can detect more informative text regions than feature-based CRF models. Furthermore, most entity types significantly benefit from subword representation, which also allows us to extract sparse entities especially nested entities.Conclusion: The overall results have demonstrated that the ensemble method can accurately recognise entities, including nested and polysemous entities. Additionally, our method can recognise sparse entities, by reconsidering the clinical narratives at a finer-grained subword level, rather than at the word level.<br/
Translation as Creative Process: Elaine Feinstein’s Marina Tsvetaeva
No full textThis essay sheds a new light on Elaine Feinstein's Marina Tsvetaeva: Selected Poems (1971). This publication was crucial: not only did it introduce Tsvetaeva to a larger Anglophone audience, it also deeply influenced Feinstein's career. Its importance is all the more remarkable, as Feinstein was then neither a Russian specialist nor a translator.Using archival material, the essay shows how those versions present a personal perspective on Tsvetaeva, which echoed Feinstein's poetic concerns at the turn of the 1970s, and how the poet was with them testing out new creative possibilities that could be harnessed for her own practice. More broadly, this is a case study of the links between literary translation and creative writing, when the poet has no previous knowledge of the source-language.<br/
Neurath on Verstehen
No full textThis paper argues for a broadened understanding of the social scientific thought of a leading logical empiricist and advocate of the unity of science. Often portrayed as a reductive physicalist on account of his temperamental interventions against geisteswissenschaftliche obscurantists in the time of the Weimar Republic, Otto Neurath in fact was a defender and practitioner of interpretive methods who warned against their abuse inside and outside of academic social science and history. After placing Neurath's efforts in the context of the Vienna Circle, his talk of “social behaviorism” and his criticisms of Max Weber are clarified (both represent prominent stumbling blocks for an appreciation of Neurath's views) and his view on the role of empathetic understanding is reconstructed. Further support for this interpretation is then adduced from various instance of his pre-Vienna Circle work (incl. his critique of Spengler and his own work in economic history and history of ideas). Having been trained in the Historical School Neurath never abandoned its hermeneutic insights but sought to integrate them in a non-dichotomous conception of science
For Structure: A Critical Realist Critique of the Use of Actor-Network Theory in Critical Accounting Research
No full textPurpose – The author contrasts actor-network theory (ANT) and critical realism (CR) as two contemporary approaches to critical accounting research and advances a critique centred on the neglect of social structures in the former perspective. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper based on a critical reading of ANT inspired by CR.Findings – Although the author does not question the ability of ANT to be imbued with critical intent per se, he is critical of its tendency to downplay the significance of pre-existing, social structures and the concomitant neglect of enduring and ubiquitous states of structural stability as an ontological possibility. This may lead to an overly optimistic view that naively valorises agency as a largely unfettered engine of emancipation. By contrast, CR offers a deeper and more nuanced ontological conception of how social structures constrain as well as enable emancipation. In contrast to the highly empiricist epistemology of ANT, it also provides an epistemological rationale for going beyond empirical descriptions of how social structures work to advance theoretically informed, explanatory critiques that are better suited for realising less easily observable opportunities for emancipation.Research implications – The paper advances the debate about how social structures should be examined in critical accounting research and the relative merits of doing so in advancing emancipatory projects.Originality/value – The paper is an attempt to contrast ANT and CR as two distinct approaches to critical accounting research and thus extends the debate about what such research is and could be.<br/
Why Scholars of Religion Must Investigate the Corporate Form
No full textA growing body of research describes connections between religion and economic activity through the language of commodification and marketization. Although this scholarship rightly challenges the assumption that religion is or should be divorced from worldly concerns, it still relies on distinctions between religion and the economy as isolable, reified entities. Rejecting this binary approach as untenable, we argue that studying the corporate form enriches the academic study of religion by providing concrete examples of how people create institutions and how organizations turn human bodies into resources while also fostering individuals’ devotion to collective agendas. Attention to the corporate form enables us to keep money and power in view as we trace historical formations and current manifestations of religious organizations. We investigate Japanese genealogies of the corporate form to elucidate some generalizable principles about how nonprofit religions and for-profit companies alike generate missions, families, individuals, and publics
Recording obligatory cortical auditory evoked potentials in infants: quantitative information on feasibility and parent acceptability
No full textObjective: With the advent of newborn hearing screening and early intervention, there is growing interest in using supra-threshold obligatory cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) to complement established paediatric clinical test procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, and parent acceptability, of recording infant CAEPs. Design: Typically developing infants (n = 104) who had passed newborn hearing screening and whose parents expressed no hearing concerns were recruited. Testing was not possible in six infants, leaving 98, age range 5 to 39 weeks (mean age = 21.9, SD = 9.4). Three short duration speech-like stimuli (/m/, /g/, /t/) were presented at 65 dB SPL via a loudspeaker at 00 azimuth. Three criteria were used to assess clinical feasibility: (i) median test duration <30 minutes, (ii) >90% completion rate in a single test session, and (iii) >90% response detection for each stimulus. We also recorded response amplitude, latency and CAEP signal-to-noise ratio. Response amplitudes and residual noise levels were compared for Fpz (n = 56) and Cz (n = 42) non-inverting electrode locations. Parental acceptability was based on an 8-item questionnaire (7-point scale, 1 being best). In addition, we explored the patient experience in semi-structured telephone interviews with seven families. Results: The median time taken to complete two runs for three stimuli, including preparation, was 23 minutes (range 17 to 59 min). Of the 104 infants, 98 (94%) were in an appropriate behavioural state for testing. A further 7 became restless during testing and their results were classified as ‘inconclusive.’ In the remaining 91 infants, CAEPs were detected in every case with normal bilateral tympanograms. Detection of CAEPs in response to /m/, /g/ and /t/ in these individuals was 86%, 100% and 92%, respectively. Residual noise levels and CAEP amplitudes were higher for Cz electrode recordings. Mean scores on the acceptability questionnaire ranged from 1.1 to 2.6. Analysis of interviews indicated that parents found CAEP testing to be a positive experience and recognised the benefit of having an assessment procedure that uses conversational level speech stimuli. Conclusions: Test duration, completion rates, and response detection rates met (or were close to) our feasibility targets, and parent acceptability was high. CAEPs have the potential to supplement existing practice in 3-9 month olds
De Leipzig à Fès: une copie sépharade de la traduction hébraïque du Coran d’Hermann Reckendorf
No full textUnderstanding the cardiac toxicity of the anthropogenic pollutant phenanthrene on the freshwater indicator species, the brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>):From whole heart to cardiomyocytes
No full textFreshwater systems are faced with myriads of stressors including geomorphological alterations, nutrient overloading and pollution. Previous studies in marine fish showed polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to be cardiotoxic. However, the cardiotoxicity of anthropogenic pollutants in freshwater fishes is unclear and has not been examined across multiple levels of cardiac organization. Here we investigated the effect of phenanthrene (Phe), a pervasive anthropogenic pollutant on a sentinel freshwater species, the brown trout (Salmo trutta). We first examined the electrical activity of the whole heart and found prolongation (∼8.6%) of the QT interval (time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and prolongation (∼13.2%) of the monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) following ascending doses of Phe. At the tissue level, Phe significantly reduced trabecular force generation by ∼24% at a concentration above 15 μM, suggesting Phe reduce cellular calcium cycling. This finding was supported by florescent microscopy showing a reduction (∼39%) in the intracellular calcium transient amplitude following Phe exposure in isolated brown trout ventricular myocytes. Single-cell electrophysiology was used to reveal the mechanism underlying both contractile and electrical dysfunctions following Phe exposure. A Phe-dependent reduction (∼38%) in the L-type Ca2+ current accounts, at least in part, for the lowered Ca2+ transient and force production. Prolongation of the MAPD and QT interval was explained by a reduction (∼70%) in the repolarising delayed rectifier K+ current following Phe exposure. Taken together, our study shows a direct impact of Phe across multiple levels of cardiac organization in a key freshwater salmonid
