Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Influence of Social Anxiety and Emotional Self-efficacy on Pre-transition Concerns, Social Threat Sensitivity and Social Adaptation to Secondary School
No full textBackground: Much of the literature on school transfers has centred on academic adjustment and/or achievement, but school transfers also involve social adaption. Children who are socially anxious or lack emotional self-efficacy are likely to have difficulties with social aspects of the transition. Aim(s): We examined the influence of social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and emotional self-efficacy on (1) pre-transition concerns about the move to secondary school and social threat sensitivity relating to that transition experience, and (2) school and peer connectedness after the school transfer. We also examined whether pre-transition concerns predicted school and peer connectedness after the move. Sample: Year 6 children (10-11 years) from 15 primary schools in Northern England.Method: Children (N = 266) completed a questionnaire in their primary schools before the move to secondary school. A sub-group (n = 156) of those children also completed measures immediately after the move to secondary school and then again 4 months later. Results: Social anxiety influenced pre-transition concerns. Higher emotional self-efficacy was associated with lower social threat sensitivity pre-transition and with reductions over time. Higher emotional self-efficacy also influenced greater social adaption 4 months after the school move. Pre-transition concerns about the move were a good indicator of poorer social adaption later on. Conclusions: Based on the findings, interventions should target social anxiety to reduce pre-transition concerns. Programmes that target emotional self-efficacy are most likely to impact school and peer connectedness.<br/
Why Do We Need Computational Models of Psychological Change and Recovery, and How Should They Be Designed and Tested?
No full textTraditional research methodologies typically assume that humans operate on the basis of an ‘open loop’ stimulus-process-response rather than the ‘closed loop’ control of internal state. They also ‘chunk’ or average behavioral data across repeated measures rather than assess it changing continuously, and they draw inferences about the working of an individual from statistical group effects. As such, we propose that they are limited in their capacity to accurately identify and test for the mechanisms of change within psychological therapies. As a solution, we explain the advantages of using a closed loop functional architecture, based on an extended homeostatic model of the brain, to construct working computational models of individual clients that can be tested against real-world data. Specifically, we describe tests of a perceptual control theory account of psychological change that combines the components of negative feedback control, hierarchies, conflict, reorganization and awareness into a working model of psychological function, and dysfunction. In brief, psychopathology is proposed to be the loss of control experienced due to chronic, unresolved conflict between important personal goals. The mechanism of change across disorders and different psychological therapies is proposed to be the capacity for the therapist to help the client shift and sustain their awareness on the higher level goals that are driving goal conflict, for sufficiently long enough to permit a trial-and-error learning process, known as reorganization, to ‘stumble’ upon a solution that regains control. We report on data from studies that have modelled these components both separately and in combination, and we describe the parallels with human data, such as the pattern of early gains and sudden gains within psychological therapy. We conclude with a description of our current research program that involves the following stages: (1) construct a model of the conflicting goals that are held by people with specific phobias; (2) optimize a model for each individual using their dynamic movement data from a virtual reality exposure task (VRET); (3) construct and optimize a learning parameter (reorganization) within each model using a subsequent VRET; (3) validate the model of each individual against a third VRET. The application of this methodology to robotics, attachment dynamics in childhood and neuroimaging is discussed
Social Business Collaboration at the Bottom of the Pyramid:The Case of Orchestration
No full textSocial business orchestrators (SBO) help social businesses of various sizes to tackle major societal issues by filling gaps in knowledge and resources. However, research has overlooked these types of collaboration. Situated within a bottom of the pyramid (BoP) context in Bangladesh, the current study sheds light on the process of value creation for SBO–social businesses partnerships by comparing different collaboration partners. Multiple case study research through the lens of the relational view was used to ask how SBOs facilitate value creation in social businesses by flexibly adapting resource inputs and governance mechanisms to the specific endowment and size of partners; this approach was informed by interviews and field note analyses. The combined deductive–inductive analysis enhances knowledge of idiosyncrasies of SBO–social business collaborations. Our study draws attention to the role of large orchestrators, whose model could be scaled and transferred to other world regions, including industrialised countries
Evolution of triple junctions’ network during severe plastic deformation of copper alloys – a discrete stochastic modelling
No full textProposed is a methodology for an accurate description of triple junctions’ network evolution in the course of severe plastic deformation (SPD). It is based on representations of polycrystalline solids with discrete combinatorial complexes, processes evolving different substructures (grains, grain boundaries, triple junctions) of these complexes, and methods for analyses of such substructures. It is demonstrated that the methodology can reproduce theoretical results available for the simplest case of quasi-homogeneous microstructure evolution, i.e. spatially random conversion of low to high angle grain boundaries during SPD. It is further shown that the proposed discrete approach can reproduce in a natural way results from recent experiments with copper alloys, where inhomogeneity development during SPD is strongly manifested. Finally, the evolution of different types of triple junctions and their connectivity is analysed to show that these substructure characteristics differentiate inhomogeneous from homogeneous evolution of the polycrystalline solid. It is suggested that such substructure characteristics can form the basis for characterisation of continuous dynamic recrystallisation process
Not entitled to talk:(Mis)recognition, inequality and social activism of young Muslims
No full textThis article considers the relationship between (mis)recognition, inequality and social activism through the lens of young Muslims’ response to their positioning as ‘suspect communities’. It draws on qualitative empirical research to suggest that the institutionalisation of misrecognition, including through the preventative (‘Prevent’) arm of UK counter-terrorism strategy, may mobilise young Muslims to resist ‘suspect’ status and make claims to the right to equal esteem. This forms part of the motivation towards social activism that mitigates the harm inflicted by misrecognition. However, the particular historical and cultural form of the institutionalisation of misrecognition, which renders ‘preventing Prevent’ a priority for young Muslims, may compound their status subordination. Drawing on critiques of the politics of recognition, and contextualising findings in debates on racism, anti-Muslim attitudes and societal securitisation, the article concludes that fighting misrecognition with recognition politics mis-places the role of power in subject formation and constrains young Muslims’ political agency
Mediating identities: Sign language interpreter perceptions on representation and trust
No full textDeaf people’s lives are frequently predicated on working with interpreters. Identity becomes known and performed through the translated self in many interactions with hearing, non-signing people. Taking an interdisciplinary approach in combining Interpreting Studies, Deaf Studies, Applied Linguistics and Social Research, the ‘Translating the Deaf Self’ project, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK), sought to explore the experience of deaf people and other stakeholders of the lived experience of being translated. Drawing on discourses of identity, representation and trust, this paper gives an overview of the findings from 2 focus groups with sign language interpreters (n=7) on their perspectives of the experiences of deaf signers being ‘known’ through interpreting. Social constructionism underpinned our approach to data analysis and the dominant theme of ‘trust’ was examined with reference to Sin and Jones’ (2013) trustworthiness framework. In particular, we focus on the issue of trust in relation to representation, relationships, ability and boundaries. The main findings demonstrate that sign language interpreters are acutely aware of the responsibility they have to represent deaf signers, especially at work, and thus represent their professional-and-deaf identities, and the important role of trust for deaf professionals to feel represented through interpreters
Real-time active noise control with preservation of desired sound
No full textIn the active sound control problem a quite arbitrary bounded domain is shielded from noise generated outside by implementing secondary sound sources on the perimeter. The sound generated by interior sources, also known as desired sound, is supposed to be protected inside the shielded domain. If the desired sound is present, it is required to remain it unaffected by the control. This problem becomes much more complicated since the secondary sources have a reverse effect on the input data. In the current paper, a novel potential-based algorithm for active sound control is applied to attenuate noise with the preservation of desired sound. The uniqueness of this algorithm is that it realizes an active sound control via the utilization of surface potentials which have a projection property. The algorithm automatically removes the contribution of controls and desired sound from the total input field to be measured. The applicability of the algorithm is demonstrated via a series of numerical experiments. In addition, some factors such as the effect of the number of controls and sensors are also discussed.</p
Beyond Beauty: The Aesthetics of Ugliness in German Musical and Artistic Debates of the Mid-19th Century
No full textWithin both music and the figurative arts, the period following the 1848 revolution was characterized by vehement aesthetic disputes and polarized standpoints. In music, Eduard Hanslick championed the ideal of purely musical beauty (Vom Musikalisch-Schönen, 1854) just as his counterpart in art criticism, Manasse Unger, elevated the ‘purely painterly [Malerische]’ as the highest goal for painting (Das Wesen der Malerei, 1851). This emphasis on medium specificity and the purity of individual art forms competed with the views of critics and practitioners presenting aesthetic criteria as trans-artistic, or seeking to transpose ideals from one art to another (as with Liszt’s notion of the ‘painting symphonist’ composing works simultaneously ‘poetic, musical, and pictorial’), or even advocating the unification of the arts (Wagner). What complicates the artistic debates of this period is that the antithetical positions described above interact problematically with other contentious dichotomies, in particular the conflict between aesthetic idealism and the burgeoning discourse of realism, and between the aesthetics of beauty and what Karl Rosenkranz labelled the aesthetics of ugliness (Ästhetik des Hässlichen, 1853) In unpicking and scrutinizing these oppositions, this paper explores the functions that ugliness had within debates around music and painting in the 1850s and 1860s. The ugly occupies a highly charged place within the aesthetics of this period, functioning as a means both to affirm and critique the hegemony of beauty within the arts. Within both musical and artistic discourse, the concept of the ugly served as a means to draw boundaries and define limits; as a result, it was conceptualized as something literally foreign, and more specifically French, epitomized by neo-romanticism in music (Berlioz) and realism in painting (Courbet). Within musical discourse, the concept provided a means for opponents of the so-called ‘music of the future’ (Zukunftsmusik) to undercut the claims of the New German School. If these attacks proved effective, it was because Liszt, Wagner and their followers were themselves ambivalent towards realism and the representation of ugliness, criticizing aspects of Berlioz’s pictorialism and presenting it as a defective approach to drawing together music and the other arts. As well as probing the significance of the concept of ugliness for understanding debates within mid-nineteenth-century art criticism and musical discourse, the paper explores how these tensions manifest themselves in practice within the music of Liszt and paintings of Courbet’s German followers such as Angilbert Göbel and Wilhelm Trübner.<br/
Antagonistic Governance in South African Fruit Global Production Networks: A Neo-Gramscian Perspective
No full textGovernance is a core focus of the global value chain (GVC) and global production network (GPN) literatures. Recent research claims ‘complementary’ or ‘synergistic’ governance, achieved through the confluence of private, public and civil society actors, is required for sustainable social gains. While moving beyond a narrow focus on economic coordination, such analysis lacks a sufficiently nuanced examination of power relations. In this article, I draw on neo-Gramscian perspectives to account for ongoing contestation, positing that governance needs to be understood in the context of a broader hegemonic project. ‘Antagonistic governance’ is proposed to conceptualize contestation within and across diverse initiatives, which forge, challenge and transform hegemonic stability in GVC/GPNs. I explore this through the South African fruit sector, in particular, a labour crisis in 2012/13. I argue that we need to move beyond apolitical readings of governance to account for the material and discursive practices through which contestation gets played out, compromises are forged, and hegemonic order is maintained.</p
The power of the pen:Prisoners' letters to explore extreme imprisonment
No full textThis article examines how we might best examine the most extreme and inaccessible corners of imprisonment. Drawing on a study of life imprisonment without parole (LWOP) in California, this article argues that prisoners’ letters can shed exceptional light on the hidden and unspoken experiences of imprisonment. It provides an in-depth methodological and reflective outline of how to use prisoners’ letters, a familiar tactic in prison researchers’ and advocates’ toolkits, but a research implement that is rarely discussed explicitly. By better understanding how to do prison research with letters and the emotions these might provoke in the process, this article demonstrates the very specific and distinct value of the method, in particular how letters can contribute to knowledge about extreme penal severity