Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Debilidades del procedimiento sancionatorio ambiental y su control jurisdiccional relativas al aseguramiento del debido proceso
No full textThe purpose of this work is to analyze the environmental sanctioning procedure and its judicial control from the perspective of the procedural guarantees of those subject to the Superintendence of the Environment’s sanctioning powers. The following question is analyzed: Do the environmental sanction procedure and its judicial control provide enough elements to protect due process? Although the environmental sanctioning administrative procedure and its judicial control have incorporated relevant advances regarding the protection of a due process, they are still insufficient to guarantee the constitutional right of due process—deficiencies aggravated by the magnitude of the sanctions in the environmental regulation.El presente trabajo tiene por objeto dar una mirada panorámica al procedimiento sancionatorio ambiental y su control judicial desde la perspectiva del respeto a las garantías procesales de los administrados sometidos a la potestad sancionatoria de la Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente. Se analiza la siguiente pregunta: ¿entregan el sancionatorio ambiental y su control judicial elementos suficientes para la protección del debido proceso? La hipótesis que se esgrime es que, pese a que el procedimiento administrativo sancionador ambiental y su control judicial ha incorporado relevantes avances relativos al aseguramiento del debido proceso, siguen existiendo severas limitaciones tanto a nivel administrativo como judicial respecto a la protección de las garantías procesales de los administrados, carencias que se ven agravadas por la magnitud de las sanciones en la regulación ambiental
El principio del ne bis in idem y la cosa juzgada penal como elementos constitutivos del derecho de defensa del imputado
No full textThis paper analyzes the content of criminal res judicata and its extinctive effects on Chilean procedural law. We examine the extension and limits of the ne bis in idem principle as part of the accused’s right to defense.La presente investigación examina el contenido de la cosa juzgada penal y sus proyecciones extintivas en el proceso chileno. El objetivo de la investigación es examinar la extensión y los límites del principio de ne bis in idem como parte del derecho de defensa del imputado en el modelo acusatorio
Metaphors of Infectious Disease in Eighteenth-Century Literature:Complex Comparatives in Daniel Defoe’s _A Journal of the Plague Year_ (1722)
No full textThis essay argues that eighteenth-century literary depictions of infectious disease were never uniformly negative-- even when the disease was something as terrifying and dangerous as the Bubonic plague. Surveying the period's most commonplace disease metaphors-- disease as 'the enemy'; disease as foreign invader, immigrant, or import; disease as commodity, currency, or capital; and disease as visitor or tourist-- this essay demonstrates that eighteenth-century writers were alert to the connections between infection and charity or benevolence, as well as between infection and danger, corruption, and hostility
Late Pleistocene glaciers and climate in the High Atlas, North Africa
No full textExtensive glaciers covered the High Atlas mountains in Morocco during the late Pleistocene. On the northern escarpments of the Marrakech High Atlas a series of cirques perched at ~3000 to 3500 m fed their valley glaciers which in some cases extended to as low as 2000 m. Cosmogenic exposure dating with 10Be and 36Cl has shown that at least three phases of glaciation are preserved in glacial deposits over the last glacial cycle at 50, 22 and 12 ka which appear to correlate with marine isotope stage (MIS) 3, the global last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Younger Dryas chronozone. This geochronological framework is sufficiently robust to allow for time-constrained glacier-climate reconstructions. The glaciers associated with these 3 phases of advance had ELAs of 2761 m (~50 ka), 2919 m (~22 ka), and 3213 m (~12 ka). Glacier-climate modelling suggests that all of these phases were driven by both colder temperatures and wetter conditions than today. The dominant moisture supply to these glaciers in all phases would have been sourced from Atlantic depressions. The influence of an extended and enhanced West African monsoon on glacier development during African Humid Periods is unlikely to have been a significant influence on glacier dynamics. The climate conditions associated with the three glacier phases indicates sustained moisture supply to the highest mountain areas when records from other areas such as the Middle Atlas lakes, and also marine sediment cores offshore, indicate marked aridity
Worry about crime in Europe. A model-based small area estimation from the European Social Survey
No full textWorry about crime is known to be higher in some European regions than others. However, cross-national surveys, which are the main source of information to map worry about crime across Europe, are designed to be representative of large areas (countries), and regions often suffer from small and unrepresentative sample sizes. This research produces reliable model-based small area estimates of worry about crime at regional level from European Social Survey data, in order to map the phenomenon and examine its macro-level predictors. Model-based small area estimation techniques borrow strength across areas to produce reliable estimates of parameters of interest. Estimates of worry about crime are higher in most South and East European regions, in contrast to Northern and Central Europe
Argumentos retóricos y elementos de prueba en procesos criminales de la Real Audiencia de Lima a finales del siglo XVIII
No full textThis work aims to analyze the rhetorical arguments presented as evidence by the litigating parties in criminal proceedings tried in the Real Audiencia de Lima, at the end of the eighteenth century. I will try to show how one of the most significant issues in processes “hard to prove” were legal presumptions and conjectures. Likewise, besides legal fiction, how these means of proof were mainly a case of rhetorical, philosophical, moral, and theological argumentation. The hypothesis supporting this work rests on the idea that legal presumptions, by strengthening what is usually thought and generally occurs, end up confirming, denying, or modifying legal concepts based on historical and social processes. I will try to show the rhetorical and argumentative logic and the semantic changes regarding “parental authority” from the cases analyzed. The documentary source is found in the Archivo General de la Nación, in Lima, section Real Audiencia, Causas Criminales. I will use two kidnapping and statutory rape processes that occurred with a difference of 48 years between them-one before the publication of the Pragmática Sanción and the other one after.La finalidad de este trabajo es la de analizar los argumentos retóricos presentados como elementos de prueba por las partes litigantes en procesos criminales juzgados en la Real Audiencia de Lima, a finales del siglo XVIII. Intentaré mostrar cómo una de las cuestiones más importantes, en procesos de “difícil probación”, eran las presunciones legales y las conjeturas, y cómo esos medios de prueba no eran tan solo una ficción jurídica, sino, también y, principalmente, una cuestión de argumentación retórica, filosófica, moral y teológica. La hipótesis que sustenta este trabajo parte de la idea de que las presunciones legales al fortalecer, tanto lo que se piensa habitualmente como lo que ocurre generalmente, terminan confirmándolos, negándolos o modificándolos, a partir de los procesos históricos y sociales. A partir de los casos analizados, intentaré mostrar la lógica retórica y argumentativa y los cambios semánticos ocurridos con relación a la “patria potestad”. La fuente documental se encuentra en el Archivo General de la Nación, en Lima, sección Real Audiencia, Causas Criminales. Serán utilizados dos procesos por crimen de rapto y estupro, uno antes y otro después de la publicación de la Pragmática Sanción, con una diferencia, entre ambos, de 48 años
Las disposiciones transitorias como mecanismo de reforma a la Constitución de Chile: un análisis a luz de la sentencia dictada por el Tribunal Constitucional, causa rol 9797-20
No full textIn Chapter XV, the 1980 Constitution prescribes a special procedure for its reform. However, this provision has not been an obstacle to reform the constitution using other methods, such as transitory norms. Moreover, this technique caused conflicts of jurisdiction between Congress and the President, which ended with the Constitutional Court’s judgment over the withdrawal of 10% of pension funds.La Constitución de 1980 establece en el Capítulo XV un procedimiento especial para que ella pueda ser reformada. Ello no ha sido un obstáculo para que haya habido intentos de modificarla por otras vías, tales como las disposiciones transitorias, técnica que ha causado conflictos de competencia entre el Congreso y el Presidente de la República, y que culminó con el fallo del Tribunal Constitucional en la causa sobre el retiro del 10% de los fondos de AFP
Una aproximación a la escrituración e interpretación del contrato colectivo de trabajo
No full textWe examine two elements related to the collective labor agreement. First is the formalities that involve this contract: its deed and registration, which let us identify its kind and the effects derived from its breach. Second, the interpretation of this legal act, where we also discuss the following aspects as preliminary issues. First, the essential elements of legal hermeneutics. Second, the legal nature of the collective labor agreement. And third, the suppletory application of civil law in the labor law. The latter results in analyzing the Civil Code’s contract interpretation laws and the meaning given to some of these provisions by the Labor’s Office and the courts of justice.Se examinan dos aspectos vinculados al contrato colectivo de trabajo. Primero, las formalidades que envuelven a dicha convención, es decir, su escrituración y registro, con el objeto de identificar su tipo y los efectos derivados de su incumplimiento. Segundo, la interpretación de este acto jurídico, punto donde también se abordan, a modo de necesarias cuestiones previas, las siguientes materias: i) aspectos básicos de hermenéutica del derecho; ii) la naturaleza jurídica del contrato colectivo de trabajo; y iii) la aplicación supletoria del derecho civil en el derecho del trabajo. Ello desemboca en el análisis relativo a la utilización de las normas de interpretación contractual del Código Civil y el significado dado por la Dirección del Trabajo y los tribunales de justicia a algunas de estas disposiciones
Catholic Intellectuals and the Invention of Pluralism in France
No full textThis paper traces the invention of pluralist political language in France to a very specific ideological source: Jacques Maritain, Emmanuel Mounier, and the progressive Catholic circles that gathered around the journal Esprit in the 1930s. It shows that the dialogue with the émigré Russian-Jewish sociologist Georges Gurvitch was an important influence on the Esprit circle, but also that it was Maritain rather than Gurvitch who did most to disseminate the language of pluralism. The paper thus builds on recent work according Maritain and Christian Democracy a central place in the intellectual history of twentieth-century politics. It also contests the Anglo-American bias that has dominated histories of pluralism, and instead places France at the centre
El contrato de trabajo eventual en Argentina
No full textSince the general principle governing labor matters in Argentina is that employment contracts are entered into an indefinite term, the temporary employment contract is an extraordinary and exceptional type agreement. The purpose of this paper is to make a brief description of the characteristics of the temporary employment contract in Argentina, starting from the moment of its enactment, marked by the process of labor flexibilization. Then, present an analysis from the normative, doctrinal and jurisprudential aspects and finally provide a position regarding this contractual modality that the Labor Courts have so attacked.El contrato de trabajo eventual en Argentina se presenta como una modalidad contractual laboral de carácter extraordinario y excepcional, ya que el principio general que rige en materia laboral en este país es que los contratos de trabajo se celebran a tiempo indeterminado. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto realizar una breve descripción de las características que presenta el contrato de trabajo eventual en Argentina, partiendo desde el momento de su dictado, demarcado por un proceso de flexibilización laboral para luego iniciar un análisis desde los aspectos normativo, doctrinario y jurisprudencial, y finalmente brindar una posición propia respecto de esta modalidad contractual que ha sido tan atacada por la Justicia del Trabajo