Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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La potestad sancionatoria de la Dirección del Trabajo
No full textThis work analyses the legal scenario involving the Labor Office’s fines resolution, and -considering its current legal and administrative regulation- it critically revises its origin, structure, and form. Furthermore, it features a series of observations on the Labor Office’s sanctioning action, reflecting on the problems and dogmatic considerations of the Administrative Sanctioning Law.Se analiza el escenario legal de la resolución de multa de la Dirección del Trabajo. En consideración a su actual regulación legal y administrativa, se revisa de forma crítica su origen, estructura y forma de impugnación. A partir de ello, nacen una serie de observaciones a la acción sancionatoria de la Dirección del Trabajo, en evaluación de las problemáticas y consideraciones dogmáticas propias del derecho administrativo sancionador
La calificación de actividades de prestación como servicio público: revisión crítica desde criterios sustantivos aportados por el realismo jurídico
No full textThe work criticizes the authorities’ assessment of particular activities as a public service, solely based on formal and topical criteria. Moreover, it argues in favor of considering substantial criteria in said process, provided by legal realism. It also demonstrates the feasibility of using these criteria assessing a public service as rendering activities aimed at satisfying public needs.El trabajo plantea críticas a la calificación por las autoridades como servicio público de ciertas actividades solo a partir de criterios formales y tópicos, argumenta a favor de considerar en tal proceso criterios sustanciales aportados por el realismo jurídico y demuestra la factibilidad de utilizar esos criterios al considerar el calificar o no como servicio público a actividades de prestación dirigidas a satisfacer necesidades públicas
Prescripción extintiva de los efectos patrimoniales derivados de la acción de nulidad de derecho público: crítica a la actual postura mayoritaria de la tercera sala de la Corte Suprema
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to criticize the current and majority position of the Third Chamber of the Supreme Court in relation to the application of the rules of extinguishing prescription contained in the Chilean Civil Code to the patrimonial effects derived from the nullity action of the acts of the Administration of the State, better known as nullity of public law.El presente trabajo tiene por objeto criticar la postura actual y mayoritaria de la Tercera Sala de la Excelentísima Corte Suprema en lo que dice relación a la aplicación de las normas de prescripción extintiva contenidas en el Código Civil chileno a los efectos patrimoniales derivados de la acción de nulidad de los actos de la Administración del Estado, más conocida como nulidad de derecho público
Market concentration, supply, quality and prices paid by Local Authorities in the English care home market
No full textWe investigate the impact of conditions favouring high market concentration (C) on supply, price and quality in the local care home market for older people in England. The instrumental variables approach is often used to address the ‘endogeneity’ of C. We argue that this approach will not identify the underlying market structure and that it is implausible to claim that a causal impact of C on outcomes can be achieved in this way. By assuming that the nature of the equilibrium in a local market is determined by the basic (exogenous) conditions of that market, we found a large and significant impact of these conditions that tend to favour high C on equilibrium supply (-32%) and prices (+23%), in particular in the market of residential (non-nursing) homes (-57% and +34%). The effect on quality is smallest and significant only for the non-nursing care home market (+10%). Results enable us to extract relevant policy messages for English LAs’ abilities to discharge their responsibilities to promote an adequate supply of care home places at affordable costs and sufficient quality
‘Yes I understand’: Language Choice, Question Formation and Code-switching in Interpreter-mediated Police Interviews with Victim-survivors of Domestic Abuse
No full textThis article presents the findings of the analysis of authentic interpreter-mediated police interviews with victim-survivors of domestic abuse with a focus on question formation and delivery, language choice and code-switching. It is set against the backdrop of the forces wide inspection of police response to domestic abuse in England and Wales (HMIC 2014) and implementation of EU Directive EU/2012/29 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims. Drawing on conversation analysis and available police interview guidelines, I show how the voice of the victim-survivor can remain obscured even when professional language support provisions are in place, and shed light on interpreting practices that can limit an interviewing officer’s ability to assess risk. I suggest that, while it may not be appropriate for interpreters to be present for the duration of the pre-interview planning phase, it offers a dynamic forum for negotiating approaches to challenges in victim-survivor interviews
La problemática calificación e interpretación de los contratos complejos y su control mediante la casación en el fondo (comentario a la sentencia de la Corte Suprema del 14 de Diciembre de 2017, rol Nº 67394-2016)
No full textThis comment presents a critical analysis about the relevance and scope of application of contractual interpretation rules in Chilean law. To do so, it reviews a Supreme Court’s decision, which not only expresses a jurisprudential line that overlaps —at least in some part— to the traditional approach sustained by Chilean doctrine, but also leads to question the elements that allow a correct interpretation of the willingness of the parties to celebrate a complex contract.El presente comentario tiene por objeto analizar críticamente la relevancia y alcance de la interpretación contractual en nuestro derecho mediante la revisión de un pronunciamiento de nuestra Excma. Corte Suprema, el cual no solo permite dar cuenta de una línea jurisprudencial que se superpone —al menos parcialmente—, a lo que fue la aproximación tradicional sostenida por la doctrina chilena, sino que también lleva a cuestionar los elementos que posibilitan una correcta interpretación de la voluntad de las partes al momento de celebrar una convención compleja
Social Movements: Sequences vs Fuzzy Temporality
No full textThis chapter will pull together some of the most important threads of theoretical development in the field of social movement studies in order to construct – and then critique – a sequential understanding of social movements. I will draw most heavily from the dominant approaches in the self-identified subfield of social movements, especially that associated with the ‘contentious politics’ framework (hereafter CP; McAdam, Tarrow, and Tilly 2001; Tilly and Tarrow 2007), but I will also be arguing that alternative approaches typically demonstrate a similar rootedness in temporal sequences. Conceptualising movements sequentially is both heuristically useful and explanatorily powerful. But by presenting the key concepts in this way I will also reveal two systematic weaknesses with this approach. First, I will point to an excessively simplified temporal sequence that (at best) is suitable for the analysis of waves of protest. Waves are generally recognised as including multiple movements, but it is the wave-form sequence that is so often taken as ‘social movement theory’. Disentangling waves and movements is a first step to appreciating the temporalities within which movements move. Second, I will examine our conceptualisation of ‘social movement’ itself as an object of study and will point to fuzzy boundaries. This is hardly a new complaint (c.f. Melucci 1989), but I will illuminate the way that the sequential approach relies on our ability to identify a rather definite and bounded set of actions and actors as a social movement. But neither the conceptual definitions we utilise nor the messy reality of empirical applications allow such a stable object to emerge from study. Movements’ temporal boundaries are revealed as just as fuzzy as their spatial or ideological boundaries. This point touches on a deeper neglect of the temporal dimensions of both social movements themselves and of the fields in which they move. I will ultimately argue that there has thus far been a failure to apprehend the fact that movements are involved in multiple sequences across distinct timescales, and that their own temporal conditions continuously interact with others. To answer the challenges set forth here I argue that a more nuanced understanding of time is required, for which I develop four concepts: timescale, timescape, velocity and vector. Vector and velocity indicate directions of travel, speed of transformation and relative forces. They may apply to movements themselves or their analytically distinct components: the cultural vectors produced, for instance, by new framings or tactical innovations. Simultaneously we should attempt to recognise the other vectors at work in any conflict: economic vectors of increasing precarity, for instance, or political vectors toward greater institutional distrust. Together an analysis of vectors suggests an appreciation of the timescape within which movements move and interact
Perceptual Demonstrative Thought: A Property-Dependent Theory
No full textThe paper presents a new theory of perceptual demonstrative thought, the property-dependent theory. It argues that the theory is superior to both the object-dependent theory (Evans, McDowell) and the object-independent theory (Burge)
Clinical and translational research challenges in biliary tract cancers
No full textBackground: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are rare malignancies with a poor prognosis. There are many challenges encountered in treating these patients in daily practice as well as in clinical, translational and basic research.Objective:This review summarises the most relevant challenges in clinical and translational research in BTCs and suggests potential solutions towards an improvement in quality of life and outcomes of patients diagnosed with such malignancies.Findings: The main challenge is the low number of patients with BTCs, complicated by the aggressive natural behaviour of the cancer and the lack of funding sources for research. In addition, the clinical characteristics of these patients and the specific cancer-related complications challenge clinical research and clinical trial recruitment. It is worth highlighting that BTCs are a group of different malignancies (cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer and ampullary cancer) rather than a unique homogeneous disease. These subgroups differ not only in molecular aspects, but also in clinical and demographic characteristics. In addition, tailored imaging and quality of life assessment is required to tackle some of the issues specific to BTCs. Finally, difficulties in tissue acquisition both in terms of biopsy size and inclusion of sufficient tumour within the samples, may adversely impact translational and basic research. Conclusion:Increasing awareness among patients and clinicians regarding BTC and the need for further research and treatment development may address some of the main challenges in BTC research. International collaboration is mandatory to progress the field.<br/
