Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Inaplicabilidad por inconstitucionalidad respecto de los artículos 470, inciso primero, y 473, inciso final, del Código del Trabajo (Comentario a la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional de la República de Chile del 7 de julio de 2020, Rol 8508-2020)
No full textThe author analyzes the Constitutional Court recent jurisprudence relative to the issue addressed in article 470, first paragraph from the Labor Code, which regards if the defenses the defendant can bring during the enforcement of a sentence given on a former declaratory judgment fulfills the constitutional scheme of a rational and fair procedure.El autor analiza una reciente jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional relativa a la cuestión de si las excepciones del artículo 470, inciso primero del Código del Trabajo, que el ejecutado puede oponer en el proceso de ejecución de una sentencia dictada en un juicio declarativo anterior, satisfacen el esquema constitucional de un procedimiento racional y justo
Autodespido y compensación del fuero sindical: comentario a la Sentencia de la Corte Suprema de 1 de julio de 2019, rol n° 2.405-2018, "Arancibia Morales Sara contra Inmobiliaria y Constructora Fundart Ltda. y otra"
No full textCommentary to a Supreme Court’s ruling that granted the right to ask for a differentiated compensation (union immunity and severance payment per year worked) to a worker with union immunity who ended its labor contract through a self-dismissal.Comentario a la sentencia de la Excelentísima Corte Suprema por medio del cual se analizan los argumentos dados por ésta, para otorgar al trabajador que decide poner término al contrato de trabajo mediante despido indirecto y que goza de fuero sindical, la posibilidad de exigir de forma diferenciada la compensación por fuero sindical y la indemnización por años de servicio
Infracciones a garantías fundamentales y derecho al recurso en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema
No full textThis research examines the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Chile concerning the annulment appeal of Article 373, letter a), of the Code of Criminal Procedure, this study exposes that Court’s interpretation about what matters are of its knowledge and about the requirements of that appeal, leads to an excessive and unjustified limitation on the right of appeal, we propose alternative interpretations that avoid that effect.El presente trabajo examina la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Chile concerniente a la causal del recurso de nulidad de la letra a) del artículo 373 del Código Procesal Penal, estudio que evidencia que su interpretación sobre las materias que son de su competencia así como de los requisitos de admisibilidad y de fondo de dicha causal conducen a una desmesurada e injustificada limitación del derecho al recurso de los intervinientes en el proceso penal, y se proponen, entonces, lecturas alternativas que eviten dicho efecto
Servicios mínimos: un análisis de su regulación en Chile
No full textThere is consensus in recognizing each institution of collective labor law -unionization, collective bargaining, and strike- as fundamental rights. Nevertheless, there is also agreement regarding the non-absolute nature of rights, as with the right to strike. Particularly when its exercise conflicts with third parties or the community’s constitutionally protected essential interests. In this context, we analyze the right to strike and its legal recognition, and its limitations. Thus, we address the concept of essential services and minimum services (the latter regulated in Law No. 20,940) and the Labor Office’s criteria when determining and qualifying it under said regulation.Si bien existe cierto grado de consenso en reconocer el carácter de derechos fundamentales a cada uno de los institutos del derecho colectivo del trabajo -sindicalización, negociación colectiva y huelga- también lo existe respecto al hecho de que no existen derechos de carácter absoluto, cuyo es el caso del derecho de huelga, y particularmente cuando el ejercicio de este colisiona con intereses esenciales de terceros o de la comunidad protegidos constitucionalmente. En este contexto, se analiza el derecho de huelga y su reconocimiento en el ordenamiento jurídico nacional, como así también sus limitaciones. Así, se aborda el concepto de servicios esenciales y servicios mínimos, y como este último se reguló en la Ley Nº 20.940, y particularmente los criterios que la Dirección del Trabajo ha adoptado en su determinación y calificación conforme a las competencias entregadas por la referida ley
On the t-adic Littlewood Conjecture
No full textThe p–adic Littlewood Conjecture due to De Mathan and Teulié asserts that for any prime number p and any real number α, the equation infm|≥1|m| · |m|p · |hmαi| = 0 holds. Here, |m| is the usual absolute value of the integer m, |m|p its p–adic absolute value and |hxi| denotes the distance from a real number x to the set of integers. This still open conjecture stands as a variant of the well–known Littlewood Conjecture. In the same way asthe latter, it admits a natural counterpart over the field of formal Laurent series Kt−1of a ground field K. This is the so–called tadic Littlewood Conjecture (t–LC).It is known that t–LC fails when the ground field K is infinite. This article is concernedwith the much more difficult case when the latter field is finite. More precisely, a fully explicitcounterexample is provided to show that t–LC does not hold in the case that K is a finite field with characteristic 3. Generalizations to fields with characteristics different from 3 arealso discussed.The proof is computer assisted. It reduces to showing that an infinite matrix encoding Hankel determinants of the Paper–Folding sequence over F3, the so–called Number Wall of thissequence, can be obtained as a two–dimensional automatic tiling satisfying a finite number of suitable local constrai
Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Institutional Development in Africa
No full textForeign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Africa have increased since the turn of the millennium, mainly due to FDI growth into African countries by multinational enterprises (MNEs) from developing economies. While African governments view this growth as a positive development for the continent, many governments in the West have raised concerns regarding the institutional impact of investments from developing economies. This paper examines the impact of FDI flows on institutional quality in African countries by distinguishing investments from developed versus developing economies. Previous empirical studies have found a significant relationship between FDI flows and institutional quality in African countries but regard the relationship as MNEs rewarding African countries for adopting institutional reforms. However, little attention has been paid to the reverse causality, i.e. that FDI can cause an institutional change in African countries. Using bilateral greenfield FDI flows between 56 countries during 2003−2015, we find no significant FDI effect from developed and developing economies on institutional quality in host countries. However, aggregate FDI flows from developed and developing economies have a significant positive effect on host country institutional quality but differ concerning the impact's timing. In contrast, we find no significant effect of FDI flows from China on host country institutional quality. Our results are robust to alternative measures of institutional quality.</p
Advertising, Earnings Prediction and Market Value: An Analysis of Persistent UK Advertisers
No full textThis paper examines whether major media advertising expenditures help in predicting future earnings. We consider the role of media advertising in firms’ marketing efforts and posit that persistent advertisers are more likely to benefit from advertising activities in creating long-lived intangible assets. Employing a sample of persistent UK advertisers over the period 1997-2013, we find that advertising expenditures are significantly positively associated with firms’ future earnings and market value. We also report size and sector-based differences in the association between advertising and firms’ future earnings. Our additional analysis provides support for the arguments that despite the recent rise in digital advertising budgets, traditional advertising media are still effective in positively influencing firms’ performance. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with the view that advertising expenditures produce intangible assets, at least for firms in certain sectors. These findings have implications for marketers in providing evidence of the value generated by firms’ advertising budgets, for investors in validating the relevance of advertising information in influencing future earnings, and for accounting regulators in relation to the provision of useful insights for any future deliberations on financial reporting policies for advertising expenditures
La relación entre buena fe, expectativas razonables, disposiciones especiales o generales, finalidad del contrato y desequilibrio importante, en la letra g) del artículo 16 de la Ley N°19.496: comentario a la sentencia de la Corte Suprema de fecha 22 de agosto de 2019, dictada en autos Rol N° 9816-2019
No full textThe letter g) of the article 16 of the Law N° 19.496 contemplates a series of concepts that have a great relevance at the moment of evaluate if a term is or not abusive. In case that a term that is inserted in an adhesion contract cannot be annulled according the literals that goes from literal a) to the f), the judge must inescapably face these concepts. This paper analyzes how the Arica’s Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court have approached to them, linking them to each other, in such a way that it is evident that a term that violates good faith, also produces a significant imbalance and vice versa.La letra g) del artículo 16 de la Ley N° 19.496 contempla una serie de conceptos que tienen una relevancia mayúscula al momento de evaluar si una cláusula es o no abusiva. En caso de que una cláusula inserta en un contrato de adhesión no pueda ser anulada en virtud de los literales que van desde el a) hasta el f), ineludiblemente el juzgador deberá enfrentarse a estos conceptos. En el presente trabajo se analiza cómo la Corte de Apelaciones de Arica y la Corte Suprema se han aproximado a ellos, ligándolos entre sí, de manera tal que se evidencia que una cláusula que atenta contra la buena fe produce, así mismo, un desequilibrio importante y viceversa