Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Customizing the coefficients of urban domestic pollutant discharge and their driving mechanisms: evidence from the Taihu Basin, China
No full textDischarge of urban domestic pollution has risen sharply during China’s extensive 1 urbanization. Together with understanding the complexity of influencing factors underpinning this rise, it has become a pressing issue to estimate total discharge and illustrate its driving mechanism scientifically. This paper reports on the monitoring of discharge from 36 sampling sites in selected residential districts in the heavily polluted Taihu Basin, China. The data were used to estimate the total amount of discharge, to develop corresponding urban domestic pollutant discharge coefficients and to analyse associated spatial patterns. Data from a questionnaire survey of over 1000 households in downtown, suburb and market town areas were then used to apply an econometric model in order to distinguish driving mechanisms. The urban domestic pollutant discharge coefficients developed in this paper are generally smaller than those reported nationally for China, based on more generalised data, decaying from city centres to the urban periphery. This study quantifies the amount of discharge and also demonstrates that urban domestic pollutant discharge is driven by multiple factors. For example, urban domestic pollution discharge rates were positively correlated with income and female-dominated households also tend to discharge more wastewater. Other factors were found to have negative correlations, such as sewage treatment rates, awareness of environmental protection, age and degree of education. As well as providing new and refined data on urban pollution discharge characteristics, the research in this paper also demonstrates the utility of combining household questionnaire and sample monitoring data in order to yield greater insights into the causes of typical polluting behaviour in Chinese neighbourhoods
Bubble Population Balance Modelling for Stationary and Rotating cylinder
No full textTwo axisymmetric dimensional Eulerian/Eulerian simulations of two-phase (gas/liquid) transient flow were performed using a multiphase flow algorithm based on the finite-volume method to simulate bubble population balance modelling for both stationary and rotating columns. Quantitative agreements between the previous experimental data and present simulations are obtained for the averaged axial liquid velocity profiles. An important conclusion from these numerical results is that the centrifugal force is pulling the bubbles towards the axis of rotation and shifts them away from the wall
"Don't call the police on me, I won't call them on you":Self-policing as ethical development in North Manchester
No full textThis chapter explores self-policing of urban violence in Harpurhey, Manchester. Smith argues that ethical decision-making is practiced regularly in the process of policing the actions and behaviours of others. She addresses the questions of, what does self-policing in the city actually look like? How does one determine what one ‘ought’ to do in the face of illegal or unethical actions in this part of the city? She concludes by arguing that the act of judgment of the behaviours and actions of others, and the assessment of where, when and whether or not to draw upon the services of the state to fulfill the role of policing, suggest that self-policing is not simply an outcome of neoliberal ideologies of self-management, but is an ethical engagement with the quotidian aspects of everyday life on this Manchester social housing estate
Impact of line and control parameters on Droop Stability in Inverters for Distributed Generation
No full textThe paper analyzes stability conditions and design requirements for the control parameters in droop-controlled inverters. The analysis focusses on a single inverter unit with AC (output) filters and interface transformer, as this may be regarded as the elementary component of a distributed generation system. Through a process of thought simplifications and manipulations, the linearized full state-space model is transformed into a unique single-input, single-output system comprising several nested loops. The resulting analytical model in terms of transfer functions has enough “structure” to represent interactions between the different actors of the overall control, such as droop linear and derivative terms, virtual impedance and voltage controllers. Stability conditions for the corresponding parameters are then derived analytically. Experimental tests are carried out on the complete system to check the reliability of the proposed model
'uncertainties, Mysteries, doubts': Pluralities and the Historical Present in Keats and Hazlitt
No full textCharacterisation and Behaviour of Particulate Material in PWR Primary Coolant
No full textThe corrosion of primary circuit structural materials in a PWR is the precursor to the formation of particulate corrosion products in primary coolant. These corrosion products can cause a number of issues that affect the safe operation and performance of a nuclear power plant, including: an increased radiation field, reduced hydrodynamic performance, reduced heat transfer efficiency, and the axial offset anomaly. In order to minimise these issues, corrosion products need to be more comprehensively understood at operating conditions. In this work, corrosion products were formed under simulated PWR conditions, their physical attributes were characterised, and the processes that drive the deposition of the corrosion products in accelerated flow regions were investigated. A refreshed autoclave loop with a control system capable of accurately controlling and monitoring online water chemistry was used to investigate the effect of water chemistry on corrosion product formation and deposition. Corrosion products formed in simulated coolant were analysed by an ex-situ ultra-filtration technique to isolate particulates and ICP-MS was employed to monitor the solubility of dissolved metal ions. Furthermore, a flow cell containing a stainless steel disc with a central micro-orifice was used in the recirculating autoclave system in order to analyse deposition processes under accelerated flow conditions. All corrosion products were analysed by complementary techniques including SEM-EDS, laser confocal microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of water chemistry (Fe2+, H2) and sample material on the corrosion product deposition was investigated and discussed in this paper.<br/
Neurofibromatosis 2 and Related disorders
No full textThe neurofibromatoses consist of at least three autosomal dominantly inherited disorders, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis. For over 80 years these conditions were inextricably tied together under generalised neurofibromatosis. In 1987 the localisation of NF1 to chromosome 17q and NF2 (bilateral vestibular schwannoma) to 22q led to a consensus conference at Bethesda. The two main neurofibromatoses NF1 and NF2 were formally separated. More recently the SMARCB1 and LZTR1 genes on 22q have been confirmed as causing a subset of schwannomatosis. The last 26 years has seen a great improvement in understanding of the clinical and molecular features of these conditions as well as insights into management. Childhood presentation of NF2 (often with meningioma) in particular predicts a severe multi-tumor disease course. Malignancy is rare in NF2 particularly in childhood, however, there are substantial risks from benign and low-grade CNS tumors necessitating MRI surveillance to optimize management. At least annual brain MRI, including high resolution images through the auditory meatus, and a clinical examination and auditory assessment are required from diagnosis or from around 10-12 years of age if asymptomatic. Spinal imaging at baseline and every 2-3 years is advised with more frequent imaging if warranted based on sites of tumor involvement. The malignancy risk in schwannomatosis is not well defined but may include an increased risk of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in SMARCB1. Imaging protocols are also proposed for SMARCB1 and LZTR1 schwannomatosis and SMARCE1 related meningioma predisposition
Workplace stress from actual and desired computer-mediated communication use: a multi-method study
No full textThe use of computer-mediated communication applications can lead to workplace stress for employees. However, such stress is influenced not only by how individuals actually use computer-mediated communication applications but also how they desire to use them. This article examines how the individual's actual and desired use of communication tools together influence his or her workplace stress. It does so across a range of computer-mediated media (e.g. email or instant messaging) and workplace stressors (e.g. workload or work relationships). This investigation is conducted using a multi-method research design. The quantitative study found that desired and actual use together influenced workplace stress, mostly for email, but not for other media. The qualitative study further showed that such influence depends on organisational conditions such as available media or co-workers preferences. The findings emphasise the importance of considering the individuals’ desired use of CMC media and their subjective appraisals of different media
