Revista Jurídica Digital UANDES
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Introduction: Historical Interrogations of Japanese Children amid Disaster and War, 1920-1945
No full textHistorical research on modern Japan has often given insufficient attention to the lives and experiences of children and young people. However, this situation is beginning to change, as historians start to exploit the rich documentary resources, including children’s diaries and letters, that have been collected by institutions across Japan. Japanese children’s responses to disaster and war are especially well documented, and the articles in this special issue begin to explore the potential of these resources. They illuminate different ideals of childhood in Japan during the years between 1920 and 1945, and show how tensions and conflicts between these ideals played out under the stresses of natural disaster and man-made catastrophe. In analysing documents written by children, one crucial methodological and theoretical question is how to assess the degree of agency that such documents show. Adult influences on children’s writing cannot be ignored, and in modern Japan, the education system was arguably the most important channel for such influences. However, we should remember that children also influence one another, and also that the writing of children is, as is of course the case with adults, powerfully shaped by contemporary cultural and social contexts
Extracting Executable Architecture From Legacy Code Using Static Reverse Engineering
No full textStatic reverse engineering techniques are based on structural information of the code. They work by building a model of abstraction that considers control structures in the code in order to extract some high-level notation. So far, most of these techniques produce abstraction models or feature locations but not the executable architecture that can transform the legacy code into modern paradigm of programming. Few approaches that extract architectural notation either require the code to be in component based orientation or lack automation. This paper presents an ongoing research that can extract executable architecture as X-MAN components from legacy code. The extractedcomponents can be integrated with other systems due to re-usability of the X-MAN component model. This approach neither requires the source code to be in component based orientation nor it lacks automation
Sustaining healthcare service improvements without collective dialogue and participation – a route to partial failure?
No full textThis chapter explores the implications of trade unions not being formally involved in local service improvements in NHS (England) over the last decade. This is despite their involvement in the largest pay modernisation in the NHS (Buchan and Evans, 2007) and national level collective bargaining (Bach and Kessler, 2012). This chapter draws on evidence from three national government-funded initiatives to illustrate the crowding out of collective dialogue and concludes that such actions undermine the sustainability of service improvements and increase the potential for ‘partial failure’ (Hyman, 1987, p. 30). This highlights the contradictory nature of management more generally of accepting the co-ordinating role of trade unions whilst eschewing the perceived critique of managerial objectives from which it could ultimately benefit.<br/
Considering the Anglo model of writing for the development of critical thinking
No full textIn this paper, I discuss the differences in writing based on my experiences in the USA and Britain. I further argue for the existence of an Anglo model of writing, one which is more reflective of current approaches to writing in the USA, and as a result, is also more relevant for students in developing their critical thinking skills. Ultimately, it is speculated that the Anglo model’s existence pre-dates more recent discussion in the USA regarding a preferred structure for college-level essays and thus, in a country without a nationally-prescribed writing course, Britain nonetheless has the lead in this regard
CALCULATING THE FRACTAL DIMENSION FROM 3D IMAGES OF ELECTRICAL TREES
No full textElectrical treeing phenomenon is considered the main way to electrical breakdown of polymers, and therefore, a precursor of power equipment failure. One method for studying electrical trees is analysing their shape and geometrical structure. Fractal dimension, estimated through the box-counting method, has become a standard quantifier for the characterisation of the shape of an electrical tree. Fractal dimension has typically been calculated using two-dimensional (2D) images of a tree; however, the fractal dimension of 2D projected patterns differ from those of the complete three-dimensional (3D) pattern, due to 2D projection overlapping. The authors have previously shown that electrical trees can be 3D imaged and the tree structure extensively characterised. This paper presents a comparison between the estimated box-counting fractal dimension from 2D and 3D images of electrical trees. Electrical trees in epoxy resin were conventionally grown in laboratory and 3D imaged using X-ray computed tomography (XCT). The fractal dimensions from the 3D image and 2D projections of each tree were compared. For the cases analysed, the fractal dimension of 2D projections of the tree was not affected by the observation angle, and its value was lower than the dimension from the complete 3D model. The results emphasise the importance of 3D analysis for improved and accurate measurement of parameters that characterise the structure of electrical trees
Active Aerodynamic Pitch Control for Earth Observation Missions in Very Low Earth Orbits
No full textThis paper presents an attitude control system to exploit aerodynamic torques for the pitch control of Earth observation satellites in very low Earth orbits (altitude <450 km). Satellites are that are flying at these low altitudes can experience significant aerodynamic torques. The proposed pitch control system uses a pair of steerable fins, the surface area of which is subjected to the rarefied gas flow and are adjustable to produce a pitch torque. Moreover, then the pitch control system aims to damp the pitch rate by switching the fins to produce damping torques. Simulations are carried out for a CubeSat currently under development as an example in a 6-DoF nonlinear simulator with high fidelity environment models. The simulation results for a given case show that the accuracy of the proposed pitch control is about ±15° to ±6°, improved by implementing a more accurate attitude sensor. The pitch agility is about 0.016°/s with the maximum pitch control range of ±48°. Furthermore, an analysis of the energy consumption of the pitch control system is also included. Finally, the limitation of the pitch control system and potential implementation to improve the control performance are also discussed
SMOULDERING COMBUSTION OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS WITHIN A POROUS HEMP MATRIX
No full textModern buildings increasingly include innovative materials aimed at reducing energy consumption and embedded carbon. One group of energy saving additives are known as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) which are present in the form of microencapsulated paraffin wax, whilst hempcrete has emerged as an innovative porous insulation material. Consequently, PCMs are combustible and may modify the combustion behavior of the substrate material. The aim of this research is to investigate the combustion behavior of a novel construction material with and without the addition of PCMs. The change of combustion characteristics caused by the introduction of PCMs into novel insulation material has been quantified when exposed to different heat fluxes. Combustion characterisation is conducted in the cone calorimeter at low heat fluxes and with no pilot ignition source. This promotes a one-dimensional opposed smoulder followed by a period of forward smoulder when the reaction front reaches the bottom of the sample. The critical heat flux for the onset of smouldering was observed to be reduced from 8kW.m-2 to 3kW.m-2 when PCM was added into the hempcrete matrix. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is used to identify pyrolysis and oxidative reactions for each of the major components of the final PCM hempcrete material, and is applied in the interpretation the combustion. TGA identified that the PCM ignited at a lower temperature than the hemp. Coupled with the resulting increase in the effective heat of combustion, ignition was more easily achieved. The PCM also acted to enhance the smoulder reaction resulting in a higher mass loss rate (0.052 compared to 0.028g.s-1 at 16kW.m-2), both initially and throughout the test. Addition of PCM was also found to increase the smoulder temperature and propagation rate. The transition between opposed and forward smolder generated in this set-up is also investigated
CONCEPTUAL AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A HYBRID DUST FILTER FOR HELICOPTER ENGINES
No full textWe present our ongoing work in the field of helicopter engine protection. Recent sand ingestion-related aircraft crash mishaps have highlighted the inadequacy of some particle separator types to remove the finest particles from the engine inlet air, which melt more readily and are potentially more hazardous to operation that the larger, erosive quartz particles that are successfully removed. Inertia-based separators such as integrated particle separators on the T700 and RTM322 military helicopter engines, or the externally-mounted vortex tube panels are unable to separate well particles below 10 microns in size, yet the former is small and compact and the latter exhibits a low pressure loss compared to the high separation efficiency barrier filter separator. In the current work we examine these competing cost functions and present a new metric trade-off designs at the concept stage. We use this metric to demonstrate why vortex tubes may be the superior technology for ISO Coarse test dust, but barrier filters succeed for a finer, more realistic test dust called AFRL 02. Finally we propose a hybrid concept that combines the benefits of two particle separator concepts to remove a greater proportion of dust than either of the two contributory devices can do alon
Water and T-maze protocols are equally efficient methods to assess spatial memory in 3xTg Alzheimer’s disease mice
No full textRodent spatial memory is commonly tested using the water-maze; however, there is a potential confound of stress on learning in this behavioural paradigm. This is particularly relevant when testing spatial memory in models of neurodegeneration, such as the 3xTg mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we first confirmed that 3xTgAD mice express fear conditioning and then compared the performance of young and middle-aged mice on short-duration versions of the radial arm water-maze (RAWM) and the minimally stressful T-maze spontaneous alternation task. Our main questions were: (1) does the reliance on stressors in water-maze training mask the true cognitive ability of 3xTgAD mice; and (2) are 3xTgAD mice similarly impaired in water-maze and T-maze protocols. Firstly, male and female 3xTgAD mice displayed intact freezing responses in both contextual and Pavlovian fear conditions. As male 3xTgAD mice displayed relatively enhanced fear responses the remaining tests were performed using only female 3xTgAD and control mice in order to equate for response to stressors. We found that alternation rates after both short and long delays were impaired at both ages in female 3xTgAD mice, indicative of robust spatial working memory deficits. For RAWM, again performance deficits were found in young 3xTgAD mice. As both tasks had similar efficacy at revealing early spatial memory deficits, we suggest that spontaneous behavioural protocols be prioritised over water maze testing in models such the 3xTgAD mouse as the former provide a far less stressful but equally effective alternative
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey - I. Survey Description and Preliminary Data Release
No full textThe LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) is a deep 120-168 MHz imaging survey that will eventually cover the entire Northern sky. Each of the 3170 pointings will be observed for 8 hrs, which, at most declinations, is sufficient to produce ~5arcsec resolution images with a sensitivity of ~0.1mJy/beam and accomplish the main scientific aims of the survey which are to explore the formation and evolution of massive black holes, galaxies, clusters of galaxies and large-scale structure. Due to the compact core and long baselines of LOFAR, the images provide excellent sensitivity to both highly extended and compact emission. For legacy value, the data are archived at high spectral and time resolution to facilitate subarcsecond imaging and spectral line studies. In this paper we provide an overview of the LoTSS. We outline the survey strategy, the observational status, the current calibration techniques, a preliminary data release, and the anticipated scientific impact. The preliminary images that we have released were created using a fully-automated but direction-independent calibration strategy and are significantly more sensitive than those produced by any existing large-area low-frequency survey. In excess of 44,000 sources are detected in the images that have a resolution of 25arcsec, typical noise levels of less than 0.5 mJy/beam, and cover an area of over 350 square degrees in the region of the HETDEX Spring Field (right ascension 10h45m00s to 15h30m00s and declination 45d00m00s to 57d00m00s)