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Questioning the Native Speaker Construct in Teacher Education
No full textQuestioning the construction of the ‘native speaker’ as an authority and ideal in language education, this book offers a critical and accessible engagement with research problematising notions of ‘nativeness’ while emphasising the interactional and ongoing nature of identity construction.
Crossing disciplinary and geographical boundaries, this book interweaves theoretical frameworks from diverse disciplines, examining and challenging language ideologies that underpin and perpetuate systemic inequalities. The author argues that this multidisciplinary approach can help disrupt the fixed identity categories on which the native speaker construct is based, prompting a reconception of how we think about ourselves in relation to others and in relation to our position in the world. Chapters present different teacher models as well as specific strategies and activities to stimulate debate and encourage approaches which prioritise pedagogical competence over the native speaker ideal.
Providing an accessible overview of complex issues along with strategic action in teacher education, this book will be of interest to researchers, academics, and postgraduate students in the fields of language education, applied linguistics, Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages(TESOL), and teacher education. Teacher educators and language teachers should also benefit from this volume
The AI City
No full textThis open access book presents the concept of AI Cites for the first time. It includes the theoretical basis, development frontier, and different application scenarios of artificial intelligence cities. The book is accompanied by rich practical cases to conduct in-depth and detailed discussions on the proposition of artificial intelligence cities. It fills the gap between artificial intelligence and urban planning. This book points out the urgent human needs in the city for AI scientists to considered in the next round of AI technology development. It also provides new ideas for urban planners and researchers to solve problems with new technologies
L’anticommunisme en France et en Europe
No full textContrairement à l’histoire du communisme, l’anticommunisme est un parent pauvre de l’historiographie. Enrichi de nouvelles approches et de nouveaux fonds d’archives, ce livre a pour ambition de caractériser cet objet polymorphe et polysémique qui n’a cessé d’évoluer au fil des mutations politiques, géopolitiques, sociales et culturelles de l’Europe du xxe siècle. Centré sur l’histoire du communisme soviétique de 1917 à 1991, il s’articule autour de plusieurs séquences-clés : l’entre-deux-guerres, la guerre froide, mais aussi les premiers temps de la chute du communisme. Attentif à l’histoire des idées et des représentations, il s’intéresse également aux pratiques de groupements et aux appareils étatiques. Enfin, il analyse la sociologie des anticommunistes, qu’ils soient conservateurs, nationalistes, libéraux, radicaux, démocrates-chrétiens, socialistes, libertaires ou encore gauchistes, auxquels il faut ajouter les dissidents et les transfuges. Outre le terrain français, la matrice européenne, voire transatlantique, s’observe non seulement par les cas allemand, espagnol et italien, mais également par la mise en évidence du caractère transnational des réseaux anticommunistes. Il s’agit au fond de mesurer l’importance, la variété et la persistance de l’anticommunisme tout au long du xxe siècle en Europe, questionnant en retour la force comme la permanence de la menace communiste
The Exhibitor as Producer
No full textThis open access book seeks answers to a series of questions about the little studied subject of prologues or theatrical presentations in American movie theaters from the late 1910s to the mid-1920s. How did prologues emerge out of prior practices? Who were the exhibitors most involved? What characteristics would come to define prologues? How widespread did they become not only in metropolitan palace cinemas but also in movie theaters in mid-sized cities and even small towns? If they generally created an atmosphere that complimented or harmonized with the feature films, could they also be what at the time was called “contrastive“? Who were the performers in these theatrical presentations? Were prologues ever described, in ads and audience responses, as a program’s main attraction and to what effect? The book comprises five chapters and up to a hundred photographs of prologue stage settings. Moreover, supplementing each chapter is one or more relevant trade press documents. Overall, the chapters construct a set of practices and typologies that came to define the theatrical presentations that typically preceded the feature films. They also advance this argument: the variety format of combined stage and screen performance in movie theaters has a longer and unexpectedly revealing history than usually assumed. In short, an exhibitor would have a certain degree of creativity in his/her programming, which in turn could strongly impact an audience’s movie-going experience
De rike drikker mest, de fattige rammes hardest
No full textThere was a time when cigarettes symbolized modernity and pleasure among men in elite society. Today, smoking is often considered a shameful activity, and daily smokers have low socio-economic status. Alcohol consumption is high among the wealthy, but the harmful effects of alcohol hit those on the lower end of the socio-economic ladder harder. Cocaine use is associated with hard partying in affluent environments, and at the same time, crack is now gaining ground in vulnerable substance-abuse environments.;;The Rich Drink the Most, the Poor Are Hit Hardest consists of eight chapters in which researchers on substance use unravel the complex connections between use of drugs and alcohol, and social inequality. Why has vaping become popular in certain youth groups? What goes on inside a morning pub, a place that provides an anchor in the lives of a group without strong social networks? Cannabis and cocaine use is greatest among people with a lot of money; who sells the drugs to this group? Many inmates in Norwegian prisons use illegal drugs; is drug use and the risk of addiction higher for those who are incarcerated?;;This book is rooted in a paradox that has received scant attention. Drug and alcohol use can be high in affluent environments. It is in these areas that new substance use trends are often introduced and thus also gain a measure of social legitimacy. And yet, it is substance users with fewer resources that tend to have more problems related to their usage. A good public discourse should better reflect this paradox.;;This anthology will be of interest to researchers, students, teachers, and professionals who work with substance use and abuse, both preventively and clinically, at national and local levels, as well as politicians and journalists.;;The book is the result of a thematic project initiated by the resource center and journal forebygging.no further developed in collaboration with forebygging.no and Cappelen Damm Akademisk. Chapters 2–9 have previously been published on forebygging.no.; En gang symboliserte sigarettene modernitet og nytelse blant menn i samfunnets eliter. I dag er dagligrøyking ofte forbundet med skam, og dagligrøykerne har lav sosioøkonomisk status. Bruken av alkohol er høy blant dem med mye penger, men skadevirkningene av alkohol rammer sterkere lavere på den sosiale rangstigen. Bruken av kokain forbindes med hard festing i velstående miljøer, og samtidig får crack nå innpass i sårbare rusmiljøer.;;De rike drikker mest, de fattige rammes hardest består av åtte kapitler hvor rusforskere bretter ut de komplekse sammenhengene mellom rus og sosial ulikhet. Hvorfor blir vaping populært i enkelte ungdomsgrupper? Vi får bli med inn på morgenpuben, som gir et ankerfeste i livet til en gruppe uten sterke sosiale nettverk. Det er mye bruk av cannabis og kokain blant folk med mye penger. Hvem er det som selger stoffene til dem? Mange innsatte i norske fengsler bruker illegale rusmidler. Øker bruken og risikoen for avhengighet når en sitter inne?;;Boken bæres av et paradoks som har fått for lite oppmerksomhet: Bruken av rusmidler kan være høy i velstående miljøer. Her introduseres ofte de nye rusvanene, og slik får disse vanene også samfunnsmessig legitimitet. Samtidig får gjerne brukere med færre ressurser større problemer med rusmidlene. En god offentlig samtale bør reflektere dette paradokset bedre.;;Boken henvender seg til forskere, studenter, lærere og profesjoner som arbeider med rus – både forebyggende og klinisk, på nasjonalt og lokalt nivå, samt til politikere og journalister.;;Boken har sitt utspring i en tematisk satsing i kunnskapsbasen og tidsskriftet forebygging.no og har blitt utviklet gjennom et samarbeid mellom forebygging.no og Cappelen Damm Akademisk. Kapittel 2–9 er tidligere publisert på forebygging.no.
Reading Literature and Theory at the Intersections of Queer and Class
No full textReading Literature and Theory at the Intersections of Queer and Class focuses on the crossover of queer and class, examining a range of texts across languages and genres and spanning nearly a century. This collection of chapters considers the intersection of queer and class in relation to literary aesthetics, a locus in which the interaction between sexuality and class is rendered with lucidity. Each chapter puts forward class and its manifestations as central to queer analysis of literary and cultural texts in historical and contemporary contexts. The readings adopt Kimberlé Crenshaw’s intersectional paradigm by pointing to its activist as well as literary precedents and elaborations. These chapters emerged from a long-standing collaboration among three Central European universities whose faculty and graduate students established a joint queer literature and theory research seminar. They are supplemented by a roundtable discussion in which the contributing authors and their colleagues discuss how the concepts of queer and class in theory and (academic) practice have informed their current and previous work. Reading Literature and Theory at the Intersections of Queer and Class is intended for scholars in gender and queer studies
Conocimientos y Actitudes de los Padres Sobre la Educación Formal Preescolar en Tiempos de COVID-19
No full textThe research explores the knowledge and attitudes of parents towards formal pre-school education during the covid-19 pandemic, and how it impacts mental health. Nine parents were analyzed through content analysis, and three were interviewed using the SRQR and COREQ protocols for reporting qualitative research. Results show that parents’ knowledge of education is linked to their initial training, and the roles of teachers and parents. Positive attitudes were observed towards the changes imposed by the pandemic, and family dynamics were found to play a significant role. The study highlights the importance of parents’ knowledge and attitudes in shaping family dynamics during the pandemic, and how it influences decisions regarding pre-school education and mental health.PublishedLa pandemia de covid-19 aumentó la investigación sobre la relación entre el covid-19 y los problemas de salud mental. La educación, que aumentó la tasa de deserción estudiantil durante la pandemia, es un factor de protección para la salud mental. Por esta razón, esta investigación explora los conocimientos y actitudes sobre educación preescolar formal de los padres de familia de un jardín infantil en tiempos de covid-19. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de 9 padres de familia y 3 entrevistas en profundidad, siguiendo los protocolos SRQR y COREQ para el reporte de la investigación cualitativa. Encontramos que los conocimientos de los padres de familia sobre la educación están ligados con la formación inicial, la yuxtaposición de papeles entre maestro y padre, con actitudes positivas hacia el cambio impuesto en la pandemia y la dinámica familiar. Los conocimientos y actitudes que orientan las decisiones de los padres, permiten explorar la dinámica sucedida al interior de las familias sobre la pandemia, educación y salud menta
Chapter Un souvenir de Solferino
No full textThe Swiss patrician son Henry Dunant (Geneva 1828-Heiden 1910) was a deeply religious man, raised with the duty to care for others, without distinction, instilled in him from a young age. He approached this in his own unique way throughout his life. In addition to being an organizer and diplomat, he was also naïve, an internationalist, and a skilled writer. He displayed great perseverance and a certain fanaticism. When he witnessed the bloody Battle of Solferino in 1859, he proved to be the right man in the right place at the right time; the combination of his aforementioned traits led him both into trouble at times and enabled him to write a brilliant and unique book about the horrors of war he encountered, aiming to improve the care of wounded soldiers in wartime. He financed the printing of this work himself and personally covered the distribution of a large number of copies. The book became an international success, and Dunant managed to realize his ideal. Today, he is recognized as the spiritual father and founder of the universal or international Red Cross
Rescaling Sustainability Transitions
No full textThis Open Access book explores sustainability transitions with a focus on their influence on the relationships between cores and peripheries, the rural and the urban, and the large and the small-scale. The societal changes induced by sustainability transitions are expected to assemble as a variegated and heterogeneous process reproduced by different spatial contexts and scales. Hence, the practical solutions and impacts of processes framed as sustainability transitions are expected to vary between different localities in terms of their natural, material, or human resources, the heritage of the development, their power and market relations, virtual and physical connections as well as shifting individual rationalities – within and across certain socio-economic spaces. To highlight these socio-spatial processes, their alignments, frictions and contradictions for sustainability transitions, this book and its contributions call for an increased engagement in the scalar aspects of sustainability transitions and their governance. The authors argue that rescaling follows from two observations on the extant literature concerning sustainability transitions. Firstly there is a call for a stronger engagement of sustainability transitions research with questions of place and relocalization practices, their embedded power relations, but also questions on small-scale trajectories for the territorial and economic materializations in terms of production and market reach as an alternative to the large-scale dominance of resource exploitation and use. Secondly there is a call for increased attention to the relational processes and ontological framing that reproduce mobilities and scalar shifts in governance arrangements
Troubling Archives
No full textNamibia’s colonial history casts a long shadow over the country’s present. Contemporary authors and artists confront the legacies of German and South African colonial rule and engage creatively with the persistent remnants of the past. In their works, the archive remains both an invaluable and fraught resource for accessing obscured histories. Julia Rensing examines how writers and artists from Namibia and South Africa navigate archival silences, omissions, and power structures to renegotiate historical narratives and address intergenerational trauma. Their creative practices challenge conventional understandings of archives and forms of commemoration, highlighting the diverse experiences that shape Namibian society and memory cultures