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Tiermodelle von Erkrankungen des retinalen Pigmentepithels
No full textDas Absterben von Fotorezeptoren ist für etwa 50 % aller Fälle von irreversiblen Sehverlusten verantwortlich und trägt sowohl zu erblichen Netzhautdegenerationen als auch zur altersbedingten Makuladegeneration bei. Die Integrität der Fotorezeptoren wird durch eine Vielzahl von Funktionen erhalten, die vom retinalen Pigmentepithel ausgeführt werden. Genetische, umweltbedingte, toxische und altersbedingte Veränderungen beeinflussen verschiedene Funktionen des retinalen Pigmentepithels und können dadurch Fotorezeptor-Dysfunktion und Tod verursachen. Es gibt viele Labor- und Nicht-Labortiere mit Mutationen, die die RPE-Funktion beeinflussen. Eine große Menge wurde aus detaillierten Analysen von strukturellen und funktionellen Veränderungen über Krankheiten gelernt, die Fotorezeptoren betreffen, die bei Nagetieren und größeren Säugetieren auftreten, die spontane Mutationen aufweisen, die die RPE-Funktion beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus haben transgene Labortiere eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Verbesserung unseres Verständnisses von RPE-Krankheiten gespielt. In diesem Kapitel geben wir einen Überblick darüber, wie genetische, umweltbedingte und altersbedingte Einflüsse die RPE-Funktion bei Labor- und Nicht-Labortieren beeinflussen und wie dies wiederum zu Netzhautpathologie führt
Rail relations: Aboriginal storywork and remaking Australia’s settler‐colonial infrastructure
No full textAustralian railway histories are dominated by narratives of engineering triumphs, colonial expansion into empty land, and bringing civilisation and development through railway infrastructure. These settler-colonial stories can be read back on themselves as histories and geographies of Aboriginal dispossession and colonial possession. Indeed, Aboriginal people, lands, waterways, and cultures have always been implicated in railway infrastructures, willingly or not. Aboriginal people’s entanglements with the New South Wales railways, to which we refer as “rail relations,” have involved dispossession, removal, employment, mobility, and travel, including the forced removal of children known as the Stolen Generations. These are relations of harm, loss, and grief but also of pride, connectivity, and survival. We argue in this paper that when Aboriginal communities engage in storying the New South Wales railways as Aboriginal they reassemble this infrastructure otherwise: not just as a tool of dispossession but also as life affirming. Indigenous storytelling can therefore overcome settler colonial erasure and the oversimplification of railway infrastructure histories. Research about how Aboriginal lives have been interconnected with railways expansion and development is limited. While Aboriginal railway stories are continuously told within communities, they remain almost entirely silenced elsewhere. Overcoming the invisibility of Aboriginal rail relations is crucial as both truth-telling of the past and to ensure more just infrastructural outcomes now and in the future
Impact of Nurse Manager Leadership Styles on Work Engagement: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textAims. This systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesise the results of the studies that examine the relationship between nurse managers’ leadership practices and staff nurses’ work engagement in hospital settings and to provide recommendations for improvement and further research. Background. A lack of supportive leadership is identified as one of the most common reasons nurses leave employment. To meet the global shortage of nurses, nurse managers need to maximise staff retention and work engagement. Evaluation. A systematic review was conducted to identify research published between 2010 and 2021 and registered in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, EMCare, and Eric databases. The methodology guidelines outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Methodology for Systematic Reviews were followed, and the results were reported using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42021277463). Key Issue. Eleven (11) studies from 12 articles were included in this review. Three main leadership style themes were identified, and these showed statistically significant direct and indirect relationships with nurses’ work engagement: relationally focused, task-focused, and lack of leadership. Work engagement was mainly assessed in terms of dedication, absorption, and vigour. Te efects of leadership styles on work engagement were found to be mediated by trust in the leader, environmental resources such as structural empowerment, six work-life areas (workload, control, values, community, rewards, and fairness), person-job ft, organisational support, leader-member exchange, and personal resources such as self-efcacy and decision authority. Conclusion. This review found a significant correlation between positive nurse manager leadership style and the work engagement of registered nurses. Implications for Nursing Management. The results of this review suggest that nursing work engagement can be improved by implementing relational leadership behaviours. The findings of this review will be useful for developing appropriate nurse leaders’ leadership styles, improving their workplace environments, and planning leadership training. It is essential to acknowledge the indirect effects of nurse leaders’ leadership styles and their mediating factors on work engagement while developing interventions for staff nurses
Victimisation, safety and policing in areas on the rural-urban continuum
No full textThe chapter defines the aim, scope and structure of the book. Rural areas are diverse, both in terms of geography and the safety challenges they encounter. In some areas, crime can be endemic, deeply ingrained in the local conditions. In others, crime is brought from external forces. A major challenge is that current knowledge about the nature of crime in rural areas is scattered, and data upon which existing relevant evidence relies have been collected across widely different time periods using different methodologies, which makes it a weak base for action to identify patterns of commonalities and/or differences and much less useful for practical interventions. While rural and urban areas represent contrasting environments, they exist on a continuum rather than being absolute opposites. The chapter also introduces some of the most common terms used in this edited volume and presents a chapter synopsis
Crime and safety in rural Australia
No full textThis chapter focusses on two farm crime surveys in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales, each which gathered valuable information from farmers about their experiences and perceptions of farm crime, attitudes towards law enforcement and criminal justice responses to farm crime and awareness and implementation of crime prevention measures. The chapter discusses the policing of rural crime in Australia, with a specific focus on officers and units responsible for preventing and addressing farm crime or crimes that affect the pastoral, agricultural and aquacultural industries
The influence of board independence and independent director’s shareholding on firm performance
No full textAnalytic Continuation of Vector Bundles with Lp Curvature
No full textThis article addresses the problem of removable singularities for a Hermitian-holomorphic vector bundle ℰ, defined on the complement of an analytic set A of complex codimension at least two in a complex n-dimensional manifold X
Game Time: Games for the consolidation of grammar and assessment
No full textGames are more than just entertainment. Games can form social connections, allow for meaningful exchanges between players and offer opportunities for repeated practice. There is a growing research base describing the benefits of game design for literacy and learning (Gee, 2003; 2007); how games can situate literacy learning (Apperley & Beavis, 2013; Beavis, 2012; Beavis et al., 2017) and how games can be used to support students' critical literacy skills (Bacalja, 2018; Gutierrez & Beavis, 2012; Lowien, 2016). Many of these principles apply whether a game is played with the use of a game board, a set of cards or on a mobile phone, console or computer. In this article, I explore how games can be used to consolidate students' knowledge of explicitly taught grammar concepts, through opportunities of repeated practice. These opportunities of repeated practice also act as moments in which students can use peer and self assessment
Nursing students’ preparedness for the digitalised clinical environment in Australia: An integrative review
No full textAim: The aim of this integrative review is to examine the literature on nursing students' preparedness for the digitalised clinical settingBackground: Digital literacy skills ensure nursing students can provide quality and safe care to patients in a digitalised clinical setting.Design: Integrative review of the literature. Methods: The integrative review of the literature incorporated Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) framework and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2021 statement. A review of the literature comprised of a search of the following databases: ERIC, Scopus, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from 2010–2022. Data were critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), the Mixed Method Tool (MMAT) and Joanna Biggs Institute (JBI). Results: The literature reported on nine studies from 2010 to 2022. The four themes identified using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis were curriculum design, education and training, digital literacy level and professional digital literacy competency standard framework. Major findings include the need for the development and integration of a professional digital literacy competency standard framework embedded into nursing curricula to equip nursing students with appropriate digital literacy skills to navigate digitalised healthcare settings.Conclusion: Current registered nurses and preregistration nurses are required to be upskilled with the understanding and knowledge of health informatics and its role in the clinical setting. This will enable future registered nurses to keep up with the rapidly evolving technological clinical environment