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Replacement value of cassava for maize in broiler chicken diets supplemented with enzymes
No full textObjective: Pellet durability, particle size distribution, growth response, tibia bone character istics and energy retention were measured to evaluate cassava as an alternative energy source to replace maize in broiler diets with or without Ronozyme (A+VP) enzyme composites. Methods: A total of 480 oneday broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement. Four levels of cassava: (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and 2 levels of enzymes (0 and 500 g/tonne) were used. Each treatment was replicated six times, with ten birds per replicate. Results: The particle size distribution in the diets showed an increasing trend of small particles with increase in cassava level. Pellet durability decreased (p Conclusion: Although broiler performance was depressed by high levels of cassava inclusion, it was not affected by low levels, which further improved by enzyme supplementation
On the precipice: Real and unreal worlds in wakefield
No full textSet in a psychiatric hospital in the picturesque Blue Mountains in which patients and staff alike wrestle with past traumas, this new ABC drama series blends reality and fantasy in ways that run the gamut from frightening to joyous to emotionally shattering. As Rebekah Brammer discusses, the series is an engrossing exploration that does not shy away from considering mental heath - and the human mind more broadly - in all its complexity
Philosophy for/with Children and Teachers' Perspectives: The Need to Understand Teachers' Beliefs and Values
No full textThis chapter argues that there is a gap in current research in Philosophy for/with Children (P4wC) that focusses on teachers' perspectives, and particularly in relation to their beliefs and values. This chapter will look briefly the current status of P4wC in the sphere of education broadly. It will then move on to exploring how teachers' perspectives, through analyses of their beliefs and values, adds significant value in education. This chapter then explores the importance of teachers' beliefs and values specifically in the context of P4wC, identifying the contribution that an analysis of teacher beliefs and values can make. It then concludes by analysing some recent P4wC research which has begun to explore teachers' perspectives, before finishing with future research directions that build on these previous studies which will lay important groundwork for extending the reach of P4wC into education systems
Contested Governance: The Geopolitical Transformation of Semiconductor Industry Regulation in Asia
No full textThrough an analysis of semiconductor industry regulations in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and Singapore, this paper demonstrates how traditional market-oriented regulatory approaches have been supplanted by complex geopolitical issues with significant consequences. It reveals that semiconductor regulation in these countries increasingly operates at the intersection of multiple policy domains—industrial development, national security, environmental protection, and international relations—necessitating sophisticated coordination mechanisms to address inherent conflicts and trade- offs. Drawing on theoretical frameworks including polycentric governance, reflexive law, global production network analysis, and strategic trade theory, it provides an interdisciplinary perspective on this evolving regulatory landscape, highlighting four key challenges: balancing security with innovation, mitigating supply chain risks, addressing fragmentation versus harmonization of standards, and tackling sustainability concerns. It concludes by proposing regulatory approaches that can maintain the advantages of global semiconductor integration while addressing legitimate security issues, supply chain vulnerabilities, and environmental challenges
Improved yield forecasting of individual Sugarcane crops using an evolved remote sensing and Machine Learning approach
No full textBuilding on close to two decades of remote sensing-based forecasting of sugarcane, this study explored a newly derived machine learning (ML) approach for sugarcane yield prediction at the block level. Time series (2014–2024) Landsat 7 (L7 ETM+) and Landsat 8 (L8 OLI) derived vegetation indices (VIs), along with historical yield and agronomic data (for each of the modelled blocks) were sourced from the Condong growing region of Australia. This data were used as inputs into three well-performing ML models: random forests (RF), support vector regression (SVR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). RF was identified as the best-performing model for forecasting individual block yield achieving the mean absolute error (MAE) of 10.3 (T/Ha) and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 12.6 (T/Ha). This predictive model demonstrates higher accuracy compared to previous studies and provides valuable insights for harvest and forward selling planning in the sugarcane industry. Additionally, the model can be scaled to deliver block level predictions for all sugarcane blocks within a region or the entire industry
Heuristics and Groupthink in International Relations
No full textThis chapter examines the 2023 Barbie movie through the lenses of political and cognitive theories, particularly focusing on heuristics and groupthink in decision-making. The narrative of the film, which contrasts the fictional Barbie Land with the real world of modern-day Los Angeles, provides a unique framework to explore how misperceptions and cognitive biases shape political and foreign policy decisions. The film's depiction of Barbie and Ken's contrasting experiences in these two realms mirrors common cognitive challenges faced by policymakers when they navigate complex, unfamiliar international environments. Drawing on the theoretical approaches of rational choice, cognitive psychology, and international relations theory, the chapter argues that, like Barbie and Ken, decision-makers often rely on heuristics – mental shortcuts or rules of thumb – that simplify complex scenarios, but these heuristics can lead to inaccurate assessments and flawed conclusions. Additionally, the film's portrayal of group dynamics in Barbie Land, where conformity and a lack of critical alternatives prevail, serves as an example of groupthink – a phenomenon where the desire for unanimity overrides rational decision-making processes and critical evaluation of alternative courses of action. The chapter highlights how both heuristics and groupthink can impact foreign policy decisions, resulting in oversimplified understandings of other nations and the failure to account for key variables in international relations. Through the lens of the Barbie movie, the chapter explores how cognitive limitations and group dynamics influence decision-making processes in the real world of international politics, with implications for how policymakers manage uncertainty and risk in global affairs
Using genotyping by sequencing to monitor the genetic diversity of Australian honey bees
No full textEuropean honey bees in Australia are largely genetically isolated due to strict border controls. They contribute significantly to the economy through honey production and pollination, yet national efforts for their genetic improvement have historically been limited. This study estimated the genetic diversity of Australian bees using low-pass genome sequencing on 711 samples from 26 locations, provided by breeders participating in the national PlanBee project. Most genotypes were obtained from pooled drone samples. Results showed average observed heterozygosity (Ho: 0.20) was lower than the expected one. Bias tended towards low Ho, with some pooled drone samples conversely exhibiting unexpectedly high values. These high values were potentially attributed to multiple queen ancestries of the drone pool. Low FST values (0-0.07) between sampling locations indicated minimal population structure, likely due to gene flow through the exchange of genetic material within the PlanBee project. Findings suggest a need for broader sampling and better documentation of hive history and queen lineage
Public Health Law and Policy: Dual Tools for Public Health
No full textPublic health law and public health policy function as dual tools for public health, operating respectively and jointly to prevent disease and promote health. This paper considers definitions and theories of ‘public health law’ and ‘public health policy,’ highlights complexities of scope and application, and emphasizes the fundamental role public health law and policy play in impacting the social determinants of health. It examines and provides examples of how public health law and policy impact communicable and non-communicable diseases and injury; noting the limits of the law and contexts in which policy may operate more effectively to achieve certain aims. The importance of supranational and international public health law and policy are also considered, recognizing that public health issues often transcend borders, calling for global action to achieve public health goals. To this end, the paper also notes the important roles of inter-governmental organizations, business, and civil society, in impacting, influencing, and effecting, law and policy, and in turn, public health locally, nationally, and globally
Impact of Nax genes for Na+ exclusion from leaves on bread wheat yield on saline soils
No full textWheat production in many countries is threatened by climate change and rising sea levels causing increases in salt-water intrusion in low-lying coastal areas. Large areas of the coastal zone of Bangladesh remain fallow during the dry season primarily due to salinity. It is estimated that 0.86 million hectares of land currently under fallow in the dry season would be suitable for wheat production using varieties with enhanced salt tolerance. This study investigated the impact of salt tolerance Nax genes (Na+ exclusion) on the grain yield of bread wheat grown on saline soils in southern Bangladesh. Nax1 and Nax2 genes were separately crossed into two Bangladeshi bread wheat varieties, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26, through conventional crossing with marker-assisted selection. The key outcome was strong evidence that both Nax genes have the capacity to lower leaf Na+ concentration in locally adapted bread wheat and consequently deliver improved yields in challenging field environments in southern Bangladesh with moderate to high salinity. The genetic backgrounds of the adapted varieties played a significant role in the expression of these genes. There was a differential response in the phenotypic expression of Nax genes to reduce leaf Na+ levels between the two local varieties selected as recurrent parents and the resultant variation in yield. The average reduction in leaf Na+ concentrations from the third backcrossed lines in the BARI Gom 25 background was about twice that of lines in the BARI Gom 26 background. These same lines typically yielded between 10% and 20% higher than BARI Gom 25 on moderate to high salinity sites, whereas the backcrossed lines in the BARI Gom 26 background yielded similarly to their recurrent parent at these same sites. The contrast in the differential phenotypic expression of the Nax genes evident in the two recurrent parents represented in this study highlights the importance of crossing salt tolerance Nax genes into a range of locally adapted high-yielding genetic backgrounds to identify the greatest potential for improvement in salt tolerance