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Anti-Immigrant Attitudes and Political Participation in Europe
No full textThis article investigates the relationship between anti-immigration attitudes and political participation in European democracies. Using data from the European Social Survey (2002-2018), we first show that a participation gap between pro- and anti-immigrant citizens exists for all types of political participation, even though the gap in voting is relatively small. The analyses also show that leftist and centrist anti-immigrant citizens participate less than leftist and centrist pro-immigration citizens, whereas their right-leaning counterparts participate almost as much in politics as do right-leaning pro-immigrant citizens. The observed participation gap points to the fact that there is a reservoir of anti-immigrant leftist and centrist citizens potentially waiting to be mobilized in many European countries
Entrepreneurial education in a pandemic era [Elektronisk resurs] : Timeframes, demographics, and the nexus between teaching and experiential learning
No full textPurpose: This study examines the transformative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurial education during and after the pandemic. Methodology: Using action research-based case study with a mixed data collection method, that spans pre-, during, and post-COVID-19. Data collection involved class discussions in a final mandatory class, surveys sent after the end of the class, and official course evaluations. Findings: The pandemic-induced changes highlighted that extended instructional timeframes do not necessarily yield better entrepreneurial outcomes. A condensed, immersive approach fostered innovation and improved entrepreneurial mindsets. The hybrid teaching model introduced by the pandemic enriched class demographics, offering a broader spectrum of perspectives and enhancing discussions. Implications: The shift to digital and hybrid teaching models brought diverse student profiles, which, when appropriately harnessed, can enrich classroom discussions and peer learning. Future research should delve deeper into the motivations of distinct student groups and the long-term effects of current teaching strategies on entrepreneurial endeavors.</p
Dialogic reading in preschool : a pragmatic randomized trial enrolling additional language learners
No full textAdditional language learners are at risk of presenting lower language skills in the majority language compared to peers. These differences in language skills have been observed at an early stage of education and may impact academic achievement later on. A randomized trial with a switching replications design was performed in Swedish preschools to examine the effectiveness of small group dialogic reading, aiming to promote oral language skills. The sample comprised 85 children with diverse language, socioeconomic, and cultural backgrounds attending nine preschools in three school districts. Dialogic reading was conducted by ten teachers, trained in dialogic reading and coached by three special education teachers. The dialogic reading intervention was feasible in preschool context and children progressed in their oral language skills during the intervention.</p
Temporal trends and inequalities in school-related stress in three cohorts in compulsory school in Sweden [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textSchool stress is widespread among students’ worldwide, impacting academic success and mental health. Most research focuses on average stress levels but lacks insights into temporal trends and inequalities. Using repeated longitudinal survey data on 33,000 students in Swedish compulsory school from the Evaluation Through Follow-up (ETF) study, we investigate temporal trends in stress across three cohorts of students (born 1992, 1998, and 2004), with a focus on inequalities by school year, sex, socio-economic status, migration background, school grades, and school difficulties. The results show that (1) stress increased more in year 6 than in year 9 in recent cohorts; (2) stress increased more for girls than for boys; and (3) low school grades and school difficulties have become stronger risk factors for stress. We discuss the findings in the context of recent educational reforms and broader societal trends concerning the role of education for young people’s prospects in life.</p
Longitudinal Speech Outcome at 5 and 10 Years in UCLP: Influence of Speech Therapy and Secondary Velopharyngeal Surgery [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textObjective: To investigate speech development of children aged 5 and 10 years with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and identify speech characteristics when speech proficiency is not at 'peer level' at 10 years. Estimate how the number of speech therapy visits are related to speech proficiency at 10 years, and what factors are predictive of whether a child's speech proficiency at 10 years is at 'peer level' or not. Design: Longitudinal complete datasets from the Scandcleft project Participants: 320 children from nine cleft palate teams in five countries, operated on with one out of four surgical methods. Interventions: Secondary velopharyngeal surgery (VP-surgery) and number of speech therapy visits (ST-visits), a proxy for speech intervention. Main Outcome Measures: 'Peer level' of percentage of consonants correct (PCC, &gt; 91%) and the composite score of velopharyngeal competence (VPC-Sum, 0-1). Results: Speech proficiency improved, with only 23% of the participants at 'peer level' at 5 years, compared to 56% at 10 years. A poorer PCC score was the most sensitive marker for the 44% below 'peer level' at 10-year-of-age. The best predictor of 'peer level' speech proficiency at 10 years was speech proficiency at 5 years. A high number of ST-visits received did not improve the probability of achieving 'peer level' speech, and many children seemed to have received excessive amounts of ST-visits without substantial improvement. Conclusions: It is important to strive for speech at 'peer level' before age 5. Criteria for speech therapy intervention and for methods used needs to be evidence-based.</p
Bridging the divides? [Elektronisk resurs] : how christian faith-based antitrafficking organizations construct co-ownership in buddhist South-East Asia
No full textReligious differences are often portrayed as a source of conflict and tension in development work. Such portrayals imply that faith-based organizations (FBOs) struggle to bridge religious divides and construct co-ownership when engaging in multi-religious contexts. This article nuances this view through a study of how Christian FBOs are working with antitrafficking programs in Buddhist South-East Asia. Drawing on interviews and observations in Thailand and Cambodia, the analysis demonstrates that differences in religion need not present an obstacle to the construction of co-ownership. In contrast, a shared religious ontology between FBOs and local stakeholders and beneficiaries facilitates a shared understanding of the problem of human trafficking and the solutions to address it. This indicates that religion can be a resource, rather than a problem, in establishing co-ownership with local actors in the antitrafficking work of the FBOs. However, in interactions with secular antitrafficking actors, finding common ground is more challenging: the secular-religious divide seems wider than the Christian–Buddhist divide. The article thus provides important insights for scholars, policymakers and practitioners by nuancing assumptions about the role of religion in development in multi-religious contexts. Western secularism may in fact present a more significant obstacle than an explicit religious identity when seeking to construct co-ownership with local communities in Buddhist South-East Asia.</p
Anti-histone and anti-nucleosome rather than anti-dsDNA antibodies associate with IFN-induced biomarkers in Sudanese and Swedish SLE patients
No full textObjectives In SLE, anti-dsDNA can co-occur with autoantibodies against other chromatin components, like histones and nucleosomes. These antibodies induce type-1 interferon production, a hallmark of SLE. We measured ANA sub-specificities and investigated their associations to inflammatory biomarkers including interferon-regulated chemokines.Methods We included 93 Sudanese and 480 Swedish SLE patients and matched controls (N = 104 + 192). Autoantibodies targeting ANA sub-specificities: dsDNA, Sm, Sm/U1RNPcomplex, U1RNP, SSA/Ro52, SSA/Ro60, SSB/La, ribosomal P, PCNA and histones were quantified in all subjects, anti-nucleosome only in the Swedish patients, with a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Levels of 72 plasma biomarkers were determined with the Proximity Extension Assay technique or ELISA.Results Among Sudanese patients, the investigated antibodies were significantly associated with 9/72 biomarkers. Anti-histone antibodies showed the strongest positive correlations with MCP-3 and S100A12 as well as with interferon I-inducible factors MCP-1 and CXCL10. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were associated with CXCL10 and S100A12, but in multivariate analyses, unlike anti-histone, associations lost significance. Among Swedish patients, MCP-1, CXCL10, and SA100A12 also demonstrated stronger associations to anti-histone and anti-nucleosome antibodies, compared with anti-dsDNA and other ANA sub-specificities. In multiple regression models, anti-histone/nucleosome retained the strongest associations. When excluding anti-histone or anti-nucleosome positive patients, the associations between MCP-1/CXCL10 and anti-dsDNA were lost. In contrast, when excluding anti-dsDNA positive patients, associations with anti-histone and anti-nucleosome remained significant.Results Among Sudanese patients, the investigated antibodies were significantly associated with 9/72 biomarkers. Anti-histone antibodies showed the strongest positive correlations with MCP-3 and S100A12 as well as with interferon I-inducible factors MCP-1 and CXCL10. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were associated with CXCL10 and S100A12, but in multivariate analyses, unlike anti-histone, associations lost significance. Among Swedish patients, MCP-1, CXCL10, and SA100A12 also demonstrated stronger associations to anti-histone and anti-nucleosome antibodies, compared with anti-dsDNA and other ANA sub-specificities. In multiple regression models, anti-histone/nucleosome retained the strongest associations. When excluding anti-histone or anti-nucleosome positive patients, the associations between MCP-1/CXCL10 and anti-dsDNA were lost. In contrast, when excluding anti-dsDNA positive patients, associations with anti-histone and anti-nucleosome remained significant.Conclusion In two cohorts of different ethnical origins, autoantibodies targeting chromatin correlate stronger with IFN-induced inflammatory biomarkers than anti-dsDNA or other ANA sub-specificities. Our results suggest that anti-histone/nucleosome autoantibodies may be the main drivers of type-1 interferon activity in SLE.</p
Violent extremism in the hinterland of the 'War on Terror' : comparative studies of Canada and Sweden
No full textGood girls? Ideal workers in online retail warehousing [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textOnline retailing challenges the traditional male coding of warehousing. Based upon an ethnographic study at two Swedish online retail warehouses, this article seeks to understand why certain warehouses are numerically dominated by women. Employees express that men are less focused and more careless and easily bored than women, and hence not desirable for the goods-handling work. The warehouses extend to hard-working women driven by the shame of doing wrong, which reflect their orientation of bodies in the direction of enhancing production and profit. Workers attribute the positive social atmosphere at the warehouses to the numerical dominance of women and the small size of the workplaces. At the one hand, the constructed sameness of (women) workers through hard work and jargon contribute to a collective identity that strengthens them. At the other hand, the binary gendering of work and workers also contribute to making the ware houses into ‘straight spaces’ (Ahmed, 2006).</p
Feasibility of Partnering for Change (P4C) to create inclusive learning environments in Swedish compulsory schools [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textMany pupils experience restricted participation in Swedish schools due to a non-inclusive learning environment. Partnering for Change (P4C) is an evidence-based service delivery model, developed and employed successfully in Canada to create inclusive learning environments. P4C could potentially be used in Swedish schools, but its feasibility outside Canada is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of P4C in Swedish compulsory schools. Fifteen interviews with teachers, occupational therapists (OT), and principals conducted after four months of applying P4C in seven classes, were analysed using deductive content analysis based on five feasibility areas. Quantitative questionnaire data concerning implemented interventions were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings showed that participants considered P4C acceptable and its implementation possible. P4C integrated well with, and extended, schools' existing work on inclusive learning environments. Teachers and OTs implemented 83 interventions, indicating a need for improvements in the learning environment, which P4C helped to address, as positive effects for both pupils and teachers were noted. In summary, P4C was considered feasible in fostering inclusive learning environments in Swedish compulsory schools, offering potential value to the pupil health team without requiring further adaptions.</p