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Turning talk into text [Elektronisk resurs] : the representation of contemporary urban vernaculars in Swedish fiction
No full textThis article examines the literary representation of contemporary urban vernaculars (CUV) in fiction. It focuses specifically on four Swedish novels published in the last ten years, whose narratives are set in the urban and increasingly multilingual, migrant-rich and class-stratified peripheral areas of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. The analysis centers on how they are situated in these urban peripheries, using written representations of spoken, non-standard Swedish CUV as symbolic resources to give authenticity to the narratives. We examine the distinctive linguistic features that are employed to evoke the imagination of CUV, and how these are used to build the fictional characters and to create certain recognizable social personas and practices. We also discuss the linguistic features that are available but are not exploited to represent the fictional characters’ ways of speaking, and possible reasons why this is so. Finally, we examine how the novels exploit contrasts between registers, particularly between CUV and adult second-language speaker styles and between CUV and standard Swedish, and with what effects. The findings are discussed in the context of the broader social discourses about language, migration, CUV and adult second-language speakers in present-day Sweden.</p
Does the freelance economy promote creative freedom? [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThis paper builds on the creation of new ways of organizing work, where the freelance economy specifically targets the increasing number of skilled self-employed individuals collaborating for shared output. Through describing and discussing creativity within the freelance economy, this paper seeks to understand creativity in collaborations among these self-employed individuals. Drawing from a case study conducted in the advertising sector, the paper concludes that creativity within the freelance economy occurs between equal and inherently creative freelancers rather than being the product of individual traits, despite their respective skills. Creativity between individuals arises when processes are appropriately formalized, while the creative output is constrained by individual decisions and styles. The paper contributes to existing research by shedding light on the distinctive characteristics of the freelance economy and its paradoxical organizational nature. By doing so, it offers insights that contrast with prior studies on artistic creativity.</p
Violent extremism in the hinterland of the ‘War on Terror’ : comparative studies of Canada and Sweden
No full textThe Effect of Glaucoma Treatment on Aniridia-Associated Keratopathy (AAK) - A Report from the Homburg Register for Congenital Aniridia [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textBackground Congenital aniridia is a severe malformation of almost all eye segments. Aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) and secondary glaucoma, which occur in more than 50% of affected individuals, are typically progressive and pose a high risk of blindness for patients with congenital aniridia. Our aim was to investigate the effect of glaucoma treatment on AAK in patients of the Homburg Aniridia Center.Methods Our retrospective monocentric study included patients who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at the Homburg Aniridia Center between June 2003 and January 2022.Results There were 556 eyes of 286 subjects (20.1 +/- 20.1 years; 45.5% males) included. In 307 (55.2%) eyes of 163 subjects (27.5 +/- 16.3 years; 43.1% males), glaucoma was present at the time of examination. The mean intraocular pressure in the glaucoma group was 19.0 mmHg (+/- 8.0), while in the non-glaucoma group, it was 14.1 mmHg (+/- 3.6) (p &lt; 0.001). In the glaucoma group, 68 patients used antiglaucomatous topical monotherapy, 51 patients used 2 agents, 41 patients used 3 agents, 7 patients used quadruple therapy, and 140 did not use topical therapy (e.g., after pressure-lowering surgery, pain-free end-stage glaucoma, or incompliance). Patients were classified according to the following stages of AAK: Stage 0 (96 eyes [17.2%], no keratopathy), Stage 1 (178 eyes [32.0%]), Stage 2 (107 eyes [19.2%]), Stage 3 (67 eyes [12.0%]), Stage 4 (62 eyes [11.1%]), Stage 5 (45 eyes [8.0%]). The mean stage of AAK was 1.4 (1.2 - 1.5) in the group without eye drops, 1.9 (1.5 - 2.2) in the group with monotherapy, 1.8 (1.5 - 2.1) in the group with 2 drugs, 1.9 (1.5 - 2.2) in the group with 3 drugs, 3.4 (2.3 - 4.6) in the group with 4 drugs, and 3.3 (3.1 - 3.6) after antiglaucomatous surgery. The stage of AAK was significantly positively correlated with the number of pressure-lowering eye drops (p &lt; 0.05) and prior pressure-lowering surgery (p &lt; 0.05). Prostaglandin analogues were not correlated with a higher AAK stage compared to the other drug groups.Conclusions At the Homburg Aniridia Center, patients using topical antiglaucomatous quadruple therapy or who had previously undergone antiglaucomatous surgery had by far the highest AAK stage. The different drug groups had no influence on the AAK stage.</p
Achieving Joint Attention and Understanding of Task Responsibilities in Synchronous Hybrid L2 Classroom Group Work [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThis article addresses the need to better understand interactional asymmetries, challenges, and solutions in implementing synchronous hybrid language teaching. We investigate video-recorded peer interactions in a higher education language teaching context in which a student uses a telepresence robot, a remotely moveable videoconferencing tool, to participate in small-group task work in L2 English together with students who are physically located in the language classroom. Drawing on multimodal conversation analysis, we examine how the geographically dispersed peer group achieves, maintains, and repairs their joint attention on task-relevant learning materials as they are accomplishing a task, and how this kind of referential interactional work enables their co-operation as a group. Based on the analysis, we argue that in synchronous hybrid learning there is a need to reflexively adjust interactional practices to secure an intersubjective understanding of learning tasks and their progressivity. The findings also suggest that sensory and interactional asymmetries should be taken into account when developing and implementing synchronous hybrid learning environments that aim at equality of opportunities regardless of the participation mode.</p
A collaborative process [Elektronisk resurs] : child participation in interventions provided by Swedish child and family welfare services
No full textThe right of children to express their views on matters concerning them is a core principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as defined in Article 12. However, research shows that interventions provided by Swedish child and family welfare services are planned and based on parents' perspectives even though research suggests that child participation results in welfare service provision that is better matched to the children's needs. The aim of this study is to explore how child participation is constructed in interventions provided by Swedish child and family welfare services and to study which elements are of importance to this process. The article is based on a qualitative interview study with 14 family social workers and 11 children aged 7-16 with experience of family interventions provided by the child and family welfare services. The results suggest that child participation is a collaborative process in which both the child and the FSW have an active role to play. Participation is constructed through a series of seemingly small, everyday actions in the meeting between the child and the FSW. By actively asking questions and allowing the child to practice participation and influence the process, the FSW can, together with the child, work towards increased child participation in interventions.</p
IgA vasculitis nephritis-outcomes in adult-onset disease
No full textObjectives: IgA vasculitis (IgAV) in adults has been relatively under-investigated. Since outcomes are worse in other forms of vasculitis with increasing age, we investigated the outcomes of IgAV comparing younger adults (18-34), middle-aged adults (35-64) and elderly patients (&gt;= 64 years) focusing on kidney outcomes. Methods: We identified patients with renal biopsy-confirmed IgAV nephritis and collected data regarding clinical features and progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). The relationship between patient factors and ESKD was analysed by regression. Results: We identified 202 cases, 34% aged 18-34, 43% aged 35-64 and 23% elderly (&gt;64 years). Median follow-up was 44 months. Elderly patients were more likely to present with ESKD (23.9%) compared with middle-aged (13.7%) and younger adults (2.9%) (chi(2 )11.6, P = 0.002). In patients with independent kidney function at biopsy, there was no difference in outcomes between age groups. Male gender, Black ethnicity, diabetes, histological evidence of chronic renal damage and estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 ml/min were risk factors for development of ESKD. In this observational study 68.3% of patients received glucocorticoids and 56.9% additional immunosuppression. Conclusion: Elderly patients with IgAV are more likely to have ESKD at presentation, but there is no difference in renal survival between age groups, among those presenting with independent renal function. Renal impairment at biopsy is an independent risk factor for subsequent development of ESKD. There is significant variability in the timing of kidney biopsy and management of these patients among specialist centres. Young adults have outcomes more in keeping with childhood IgAV.</p
Characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies : Results from the COVAD study
No full textOBJECTIVES: To explore prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections (BIs) in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) using data from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) study.METHODS: A validated patient self-reporting e-survey was circulated by the COVAD study group to collect data on COVID-19 infection and vaccination in 2022. BIs were defined as COVID-19 occurring ≥14 days after 2 vaccine doses. We compared BIs characteristics and severity among IIMs, other autoimmune rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases (AIRD, nrAID), and healthy controls (HC). Multivariable Cox regression models assessed the risk factors for BI, severe BI and hospitalisations among IIMs.RESULTS: Among 9449 included response, BIs occurred in 1447 (15.3%) respondents, median age 44 years (IQR 21), 77.4% female, and 182 BIs (12.9%) occurred among 1406 IIMs. Multivariable Cox regression among IIMs showed age as a protective factor for BIs [Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.98, 95%CI = 0.97-0.99], hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine use were risk factors (HR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.24-2.64, and HR = 3.79, 95%CI = 1.69-8.42, respectively). Glucocorticoid use was a risk factor for severe BI (HR = 3.61, 95%CI = 1.09-11.8). Non-White ethnicity (HR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.03-6.59) was a risk factor for hospitalisation. Compared with other groups, patients with IIMs required more supplemental oxygen therapy (IIM = 6.0% vs AIRD = 1.8%, nrAID = 2.2%, and HC = 0.9%), intensive care unit admission (IIM = 2.2% vs AIRD = 0.6%, nrAID, and HC = 0%), advanced treatment with antiviral or monoclonal antibodies (IIM = 34.1% vs AIRD = 25.8%, nrAID = 14.6%, and HC = 12.8%), and had more hospitalisation (IIM = 7.7% vs AIRD = 4.6%, nrAID = 1.1%, and HC = 1.5%).CONCLUSION: Patients with IIMs are susceptible to severe COVID-19 BI. Age and immunosuppressive treatments were related to the risk of BIs.</p
Exploring prediction accuracy for optimal taxi times in airport operations using various machine learning models [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textUnderstanding delay conditions and making accurate predictions are essential for optimizing turnaround and taxi times, which in turn reduces fuel consumption and lowers CO2 emissions in airport operations. However, while existing research has explored the impact of various prediction models on airport operations, it often overlooks the performance of Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) variables when discussing delay conditions. The implementation of CDM at major European airports has led to a milestone-based approach within airport operations, particularly in the turnaround operations, segmenting these operations with unique features. The purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the efficacy of various machine learning techniques, such as linear regression, regression trees, random forests, elastic nets, and multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), in accurately predicting delay categories within the CDM framework. For this purpose, we analyzed CDM operational data from Madrid Airport, with at least 166,185 flight observations. Our findings illustrate a training methodology on how different models vary in prediction accuracy when applied to CDM operational data. We applied the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method for feature importance analysis of all our independent variables to interpret the output of our machine learning models. Our results indicate that linear regression and elastic nets are the most effective machine learning models for achieving high prediction accuracy within the CDM framework. To test their robustness, we extended the analysis with predictions for better schedule times for taxi times on arrival and depature for selected runways using a different dataset. Our results contribute by showcasing a training methodology, highlighting how elastic net model as the best-performing model can be adopted for turnaround operations. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of our results for runway demand policies and use of airport resources such as gate & runaway allocation. </p
State servants, cash, and credit market modernizations in early modern Stockholm
No full textThis study examines the credit market in seventeenth-century Stockholm, a rapidly growing city whose credit market is an early example of a market with both private and institutional actors. Using a sample of 1,500 probate inventories from 1679 to 1708, we focus on the practices and experiences of municipal and state servants, and we examine in detail the probate inventories of employees of the royal court. The latter group had their wages paid by the king in a world where being in arrears was the norm, and their spatial and social proximity to the Bank of the Estates made them potential pioneers in the movement towards an institutionalized and formalized capital market. The credit market has a mixed character, both in terms of the opportunities available to investors and in terms of their behavior. For people with a surplus of cash and good connections, money lending could be a way to increase their income. The court servants and many others moved seamlessly between institutional and private, as well as formal and informal, credit. The article shows that wage earners and state servants were central to the transformation of the early modern credit market. For them, the credit market and the bank offered investment opportunities that matched their skills and circumstances.</p