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Environmental dimensions of the ethics of antimicrobial resistance
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a massive systemic, global threat to public health and the effectiveness of healthcare. The ethics of AMR comprises of ethical aspects of the phenomenon itself, understanding its significance for fundamental values, and of proposed actions to manage AMR, often linked to the concept of "one health". Most of this discussion has focused on rationalizing the use of antibiotics in human healthcare and farming. However, AMR has a sizeable environmental dimension that so far has mostly flown under the bioethical radar. This dimension encaptures the role of the environment as source for evolution of resistance as well as a transmission route, both spawned by the pollution of antibiotics and fecal matter from various sources. A bioethical analysis of AMR needs to take these dimensions into account, and doing so may potentially upset fundamental assumptions in both practical bioethics, health policy and their environmental counterparts. This chapter outlines the environmental dimensions of AMR, their bioethical significance, and some of the most obvious new ethical complexities and challenges for bioethical research made visible by such a broadening of the scope of the ethics of AMR
Investigation on Ageing Behaviour of Bio-Extended Bituminous Binders and Asphalt Mixtures for Sustainable Road Infrastructure [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThis paper investigates the use of a plant-based bio-oil in bituminous binders as a partial replacement of petroleum-based bitumen for asphalt mixtures. Its effects on the ageing behaviour of bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures are studied. A total of six bituminous binders and their asphalt mixtures were prepared and analysed in laboratory, including three different binder formulations with varying percentages of bio-oil and their respective reference binders. Both the bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures were subjected to ageing protocols in laboratory. Softening point test, rheological and dynamic mechanical analyses were conducted to evaluate the changes in properties of the materials before and after ageing. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of aged binders and mixtures show very similar relationships as between the fresh materials, but the relationships after ageing are at changed levels due to the laboratory conditioning. This supports further studies to verify their functional performance in asphalt pavements.</p
Quantitative approaches for spatial metabolomics with isomer differentiation using surface sampling capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe importance of metabolites and their isomeric structures in biological function and dysfunction is increasingly recognized. However, achieving quantitative mapping of metabolites within tissue regions, particularly with isomeric specificity, remains an analytical challenge. This work presents the development of a quantitative surface sampling capillary electrophoresis method for spatial metabolomics with isomeric resolution. Five quantitation strategies were evaluated, with the optimal approach identified as sequential injection of metabolites directly from tissue alongside standards. This methodology was applied to a rat brain tissue section in a proof-of-principle study, enabling quantitative spatial analysis of metabolites, neurotransmitters, and isomeric species. Among the findings, the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan exhibited the most dynamic distributions across four brain regions, while leucine and isoleucine demonstrated distinct spatial profiles, with leucine consistently being the more abundant isomer. This method offers a promising tool for advancing the understanding of spatially resolved biochemical processes underlying biological function and dysfunction.</p
Ore extensions of abelian groups with operators [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textGiven a set A and an abelian group B with operators in A, in the sense of Krull and Noether, we introduce the Ore group extension B[x;δ_B,σ_B] as the additive group B[x], with A[x] as a set of operators. Here, the action of A[x] on B[x] is defined by mimicking the multiplication used in the classical case where A and B are the same ring. We derive generalizations of Vandermonde's and Leibniz's identities for this construction, and they are then used to establish associativity criteria. Additionally, we prove a version of Hilbert's basis theorem for this structure, under the assumption that the action of A on B is what we call weakly s-unital. Finally, we apply these results to the case where B is a left module over a ring A, and specifically to the case where A and B coincide with a non-associative ring which is left distributive but not necessarily right distributive.</p
Continuing personhood and the increasing bureaucratisation of death : 'My dad doesn't need electricity in heaven'
No full textBureaucracy has been a core sociological concern since the discipline's inception. While sociologists have explored the impact of bureaucracy on many areas of social life (from work to immigration policy), less is known about how bereaved individuals navigate the bureaucracy of death. After a loved one dies a range of time-consuming and time-sensitive hidden bureaucratic tasks must be completed - such as notifying officials and managing the estate - across public, private and third sector organisations. How do individuals experience and navigate such bureaucracy at a time of extreme sadness and vulnerability? Drawing on data from a qualitative study on death administration, this article explores people's encounters with bureaucratic processes after bereavement. The article illuminates the challenging nature and ultimate failure of bureaucratic procedures in death administration. Such procedures create insensitivity around issues of personhood, often compounding emotional distress and vulnerability. Our analysis illuminates the ways in which this can lead to the operation of bureaucratic violence, a specific type of domination in which citizen subjectivities are affected by abstract rules and hostile organisational structures. By shedding light on death administration processes the article extends sociological understandings of bureaucracy and offers an innovative contribution to literature on grief.</p
ISHLT consensus statement on the perioperative use of ECLS in lung transplantation Part II: Intraoperative considerations
No full textThe use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) throughout the perioperative phase of lung transplantation requires nuanced planning and execution by an integrated team of multidisciplinary experts. To date, no multidisciplinary consensus document has examined the perioperative considerations of how to best manage these patients. To address this challenge, this perioperative utilization of ECLS in lung transplantation consensus statement was approved for development by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Standards and Guidelines Committee. International experts across multiple disciplines, including cardiothoracic surgery, anesthesiology, critical care, pediatric pulmonology, adult pulmonology, pharmacy, psychology, physical therapy, nursing, and perfusion, were selected based on expertise and divided into subgroups examining the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. Following a comprehensive literature review, each subgroup developed recommendations to examine via a structured Delphi methodology. Following 2 rounds of Delphi consensus, a total of 39 recommendations regarding intraoperative considerations for ECLS in lung transplantation met consensus criteria. These recommendations focus on the planning, implementation, management, and monitoring of ECLS throughout the entire intraoperative period
Relational Interventions of Ogbon Gaia : Theory and Practice of Biohacking for Designing Co-existence 7,5 ECTs Fall 2038 Course code: 2IV168
No full textMaria Rogg’s essay offers a speculative fabulation of living a post-apocalyptic future of relationality through the second-person account of a university student in 2038. It presents a world governed by and striving for the principles of co-existence and care through educational and aesthetic means, following the strategy of Ogbon Gaia, to reimagine and mend a world that fell apart due to the hegemony of computational capitalism. It is also a lifelog, a written journal of the experiences and rewards of a university course on biohacking as an existential technique to sustain ambiguity and intervene relationality. Based on four modules that attend to the human as becoming capable of inventing alternatives to a violent, exploitative status quo, biohacking is recounted in layers that unsettle common notions of human enhancement. </p