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Smartbands and Behavioural Interventions in the Classroom [Elektronisk resurs] : Multimodal Learning Analytics Stress-Level Visualisations for Primary Education Teachers
No full textStudents’ stress levels may affect their well-being, attentiveness and learning outcomes in primary education classrooms. Positive behavioural interventions and support actions conducted by teachers may alleviate students’ stress levels, especially when addressing special educational needs. In this multimodal learning analytics study, students in a classroom were all given a smartband for their wrist during regular curriculum activities. Data comprised the semester of a single subject as a part of a research project conducted in Sweden. Biobehavioural stress-related arousal of students’ autonomic nervous system was visualised and analysed through distinguished behavioural modes. Additional data include naturalistic observational notes and two short teacher interviews. Research methodology and strategies for innovative implementation were presented and discussed alongside contextual details. For example, stress-level visualisations can aid actionable adjustments of behavioural intervention intensity and provide students’ attentiveness overview for teachers that sequence curricular activities during planning. Findings show an interdisciplinary basis for cost effective real-time dynamic solutions that involve visual dashboards with advantages to understanding student learning, both at a school-wide system level and for the classroom, if viewed optimistically. However, research on the topic is still in its infancy, notably with ethical risks as a growing pain.</p
Designing a sports orienteering contest : physical versus cognitive skills in rogaining
No full textRogaining is an orienteering running sport where participants need to decide what control points to visit and in which order. The objective is to collect the largest possible score associated with the visited controls, without violating the time limit. While extensive literature exists on the orienteering problem from a participants' point of view, there is limited understanding of how to design a rogaining contest where physical abilities do not dominate over cognitive skills in influencing the race outcome. To create these contests, we propose a heuristic bilevel optimization approach where at the upper level organizers assign scores to candidate control points, while at the lower level participants solve the classic orienteering problem. The simulation of the selected courses by the participants results in a provisional ranking that allows to evaluate the score assignment as determined by the organizer at the upper level. We apply our methodology to the 2023 World Rogaining Championships, demonstrating the necessity of thoughtful score allocation to ensure a balanced emphasis on both skills.</p
Psychosocial Interventions Preventing Gang-Related Crime Among Young People: A Systematic Review [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe objective was to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in preventing gang membership and gang-related crime among children and young adults under the age of 30. We performed a systematic review and synthesized interventions targeting universal, selective, and indicated populations published between January 2000 and April 2023. We included 42 (seven randomized, 12 nonrandomized, 23 controlled interrupted time series) studies evaluating 33 unique psychosocial interventions. Synthesis without meta-analysis found a preventive effect of psychosocial interventions in middle schools on gang membership. Furthermore, meta-analysis found that focused deterrence strategies prevented gang-involved violence, and that psychosocial support during probation decreased crime recidivism. This systematic review found significant effects of four psychosocial interventions compared to control in reducing future criminality, especially gun violence, among children and young adults. The findings are discussed regarding policy implications and ethical considerations.</p
Motives for becoming a teacher, coping strategies and teacher efficacy among Swedish student teachers [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe current study examined whether different motives for entering teacher education and different coping strategies in distressful situations during teacher training were associated with teacher efficacy among student teachers. A sample of 517 Swedish student teachers completed a questionnaire. According to the findings from multivariate regression analysis, student teachers who scored higher in intrinsic and altruistic motives and cognitive restructuring, and lower in self-criticism, tended to show greater teacher efficacy.</p
Can school closures decrease ethnic school segregation? [Elektronisk resurs] : Evidence from primary and lower secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden
No full textIn recent decades, various cities in Sweden have implemented school closures as a desegregation strategy. Using simulation models calibrated with administrative data for all primary and lower secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden, we assess the potential impact of school closure on ethnic school segregation. More specifically, we study how the characteristics of the school to be closed, the local opportunity structure for the displaced students, and the student reallocation criteria influence the effects of school closures on school segregation. Our findings show that the change in ethnic school segregation is highly dependent on reallocation criteria and local opportunity structures. Moreover, they demonstrate that the current practices associated with school closures in large urban areas (i.e., closing minority-dominated schools in minority-dominated neighborhoods) are likely to be ineffective in reducing school segregation, especially when students are reallocated to their nearest school or to schools whose composition resembles that of their former schools.</p
Activation of unemployed through social procurement: from policy to practice
No full textIn this paper, we trace how ‘social procurement’ (SP) translates from policy to practice. Launched as a driver of social innovation and sustainability, SP offers a novel way of strengthening the implementation of active labor market policies locally. Policy tools are not neutral instruments, however; they shape the substance of policy in decisive ways. That is, how tools are used determines what the policy ‘becomes’. Building on a qualitative case study, the analysis shows how local translations enabled new roles, approaches and purchasing practices, and how the practice of purchasing ‘social goods’ largely became a practice of providing competence to private enterprises. The implications of such a shift for local work on active labor market policies, as well as broader implications of attempts to use procurement to attain social sustainability, need to be further explored in future research