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CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL PEACEBUILDING IN THE LAKE CHAD BASIN AREA
Get PDFThe Lake Chad Basin Area is witnessing one of the world’s most devastating humanitarian crises. This humanitarian crisis, which manifests in the form of deaths, displacements and other forms of human rights violations, provided the basis for regional efforts towards containment. The Jama’atul Ahlis-Sunna Liddaawati Wal Jihad (JAS), popularly known as Boko Haram is principally responsible for this act of terrorism. Originally established as vehicles for achieving economic development, the spate of violent conflicts witnessed in Africa in the early 1990a, saw a major shift in the focus of Regional Economic Communities (RECs) from economic issues to security and stability. This shift is premised on the notion that the realization of economic development is highly dependent on security and stability. This paper examines the challenge of regional peacebuilding in the Lake Chad Basin Area, with specific reference to regional efforts against Boko Haram. The paper argues that regional peacebuilding initiatives constitute the building blocks of regional security in Africa
THE CHALLENGES OF TERRORIST FINANCING IN THE LAKE CHAD REGION: A CASE STUDY OF BOKO HARAM
Get PDFTerrorist financing in the Lake Chad region, particularly concerning Boko Haram, presents significant challenges to the region's peace, stability, and development. This research applies the Rational Choice theory and gathers data from primary and secondary sources, involving 200 participants. The study reveals that terrorist groups employed kidnapping and extortion as their methods. The study identifies poverty, unemployment, and economic inequalities as key factors contributing to terrorist financing in the Lake Chad region. Financial institutions require increased resources, enhanced cooperation, and improved information sharing to combat the threat effectively. Governments and international organizations propose enhancing international collaboration and information sharing among law enforcement agencies and financial institutions as the main strategy to address this issue. The study highlights the complexity of terrorist financing and offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners. It emphasizes the need to address socio-economic factors and enhance cooperation to combat this threat effectively
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF HOUSING POLICY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOKOJA METROPOLIS
Get PDFThis study assesses the effects of housing policy on the development of the Lokoja metropolis. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. In achieving the objective of this study, the authors x-rayed the concomitant effects of housing affordability viz-a-vis the efforts of the most recent administrations of Kogi State in housing provision. Premised on the Orthodox Market Theory, the study discovered that indeed the increasing cost of building materials arising from inflationary trends has significantly affected housing affordability in Lokoja Metropolis. Therefore, among others, the study recommends that government should be more responsive to the housing needs of the people in the provision of quality housing, especially in the adoption of low-cost housing schemes to facilitate and strengthen the linkage between the government and the masses. The study also suggests the introduction of a Skill Development Fund to equip the communities and businesses with the relevant skills required to raise funds for the provision of quality housing
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe research study was designed to explore the psychological impact of the Boko Haram Insurgency on the Internally Displaced Persons in the Nasarawa State IDP camps. We adopted a cross-sectional study and selected 381 married and unmarried male and female IDPs aged 18 to 65 selected using a simple random sampling technique across IDP camps in Nasarawa State. A self-administered instrument (Terrorism Social Health Scale-TSHS) was designed with content and construct validity, and a Cronbach alpha reliability index of 0.91 was reached. Pearson (r) correlation analyse and test the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The finding reveals a statistically significant relationship (r.Cal. = 1.86; r.Obs. = 4.54; df = 9; P < 0.05) between the Boko Haram insurgency and male and female IDPs in Nasarawa State. Similarly, findings indicated no statistically significant relationship (r.Cal. = 7.59; r.Obs. = 4.52; df = 97; P>0.05) between forced displacement and the marital status of IDPs
SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF GWOROG (KAGORO) CLAUSE STRUCTURE
Get PDFThis paper entitled “ Syntactic Analysis of Kagoro (Gworog) Clause Structure” is a descriptive study targeted at identifying how the speakers of Gworog manipulate structural elements of the basic clause of their language to achieve their desired goals and the pedagogical implications, if any, to the teaching and learning of English. The work adopts the Systemic Functional Theory and Contrastive Analysis as a framework. The study discovers that the declarative mood and the WH[1]Interrogative- Subject Question mood types in both languages have the SF clause structure; while the WH- Interrogative-Non Subject Question and the Polar Interrogative have the FS clause structure in English, but have the SF clause structure in Gworog. The educational implications are the different structures may slow down the progress of the Gworog learner of English. It is recommended that learners' awareness of the contrast between their native language and the target language should be promoted
THE SAHEL AS A NEW EPICENTER OF TERRORISM: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSES
Get PDFFollowing military defeats in Syria and Iraq, Islamic State (IS) shifted its attention to the Sahel, with deaths from terrorism rising ten times in the region since 2007. The Sahel has become the new epicentre of terrorism. Terrorism in the region is compounded by high population growth, lack of adequate water and food, climate change, and weak governments. Adding to the complexity, many criminal organisations are representing themselves as Islamic insurgencies. Despite the national and international efforts to curtail the high tide of terrorism in the Sahel in the past four years, there are still unprecedented attacks. Terrorism in the Sahel has a grave, uncountable socio-economic, humanitarian, and environmental implications. It is on this note, the study aimed to critically examine the cause of the prevalence of terrorism in the region. The study applied a descriptive method of content analysis. Data were gotten from secondary sources like magazines, internet materials, newspapers, and journals. The paper adopted the failed state theory to solidify the arguments in the study. The study observed that, factors like poverty, food insecurity, population explosion, availability of small and light weapons, endemic conflicts, and the failure of the governments of Sahelian states to perform their statutory functions. Particularly, the failure of the government to deliver good governance to its young population is the immediate trigger of terrorism in the Sahel. Apart from the uncountable loss of lives, a considerable amount of resources that would have been used to provide social infrastructure including social welfare are used for counter-terrorism. Thereby making life to be more difficult. The study recommends that governments should discard peripheral capitalist formation and adopt an economy of welfare. The economy will put the needs of the citizens first
AN ANALYSIS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN NIGERIAN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS
Get PDFABSTRACT The causes of Non-Performing Loan (NPL) in both developed and emerging nations depend on the peculiarities that classify such nations and have a multidimensional aspect. This study examined non[1]Performing Loans in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks (from 1999-2019). Panel data were obtained from annual reports of listed DMB and analyzed. The panel data technique adopted the random effect model through the Hausman test. Findings showed that the Loan-to-Total Assets Ratio (LTAR) has a significantly positive relationship with NPLs of banks and the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has an insignificant relationship with NPLs of banks. The study presented recommendations that Loan to total assets ratio should be reduced, Banks are advised not to be carried away by high lending interest rates, they should be cautious and also, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should encourage bank managers to invest more on less risky investments with fixed interest income such as government bonds; this will enable the bank to minimize the level of the bank risky assets and losses that may arise from NPL
REVISITING NIGERIA’S NATIONAL DEFENSE POLICY FOR A SECURED CYBER DOMAIN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Get PDFThis paper interrogates Nigeria's cyber domain regarding the Nigerian National Defense Policy. The paper argues that the change in global politics, the rise of non-state actors, as well as the proliferation of small and light weapons (SALWs), which have been largely facilitated by advancements in technology and globalization, have combined to alter the nature of security threats. Hence, there is a strong need for alteration in the Defense Policy of Nation states to accommodate the variation in threat perception and analysis, to deal with the challenges of the 21st Century security environment. The paper reveals that Nigeria's security environment has undergone a lot of transformations, following the end of the Cold War, with its attendant implications for the Nigerian National Defense Policy (2006), as presently framed, failed to make adequate provision for addressing 21st-century security challenges facing the country, particularly, in the area of cyber warfare. The paper recommends among others an encompassing approach, which views national defense from both military and non-military perspectives; that the Nigerian government should embark on an endogenously inspired technological advancement program that will enable her to develop a robust technological base, which is a vital imperative in the 21st Century security environment, and that the Nigerian Armed Forces, which is the most critical instrument in the discharge of her defense policy and objectives, be retrained and reoriented, to pave way for the requisite cyber competences needed to equitably discharge their responsibilities
THE ISSUE OF POVERTY IN GLOBAL POLITICS AND THE DYNAMICS OF GRADUATION FROM THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Get PDFThe year 2021 marked 50 years since the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) category was established by a United Nations General Assembly resolution, following research, analysis and advocacy work by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). This important landmark comes as intergovernmental negotiations are taking shape for a new program of action for the LDCs for the decade 2022–2031, and whose implementation period will broadly coincide with the final decade of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. These negotiations are to bring together LDCs and their development partners to devise innovative ways to tackle the major development challenges that bedevil LDC economies and societies which include long-standing challenges, like, impediments to structural transformation and sustainable development. While the objective agreed upon in 2011 of enabling half of the LDCs to meet the graduation criteria has not been fully met, progress has been remarkable. As of 2022, 16 out of the 46 LDCs have met the graduation criteria at least once, seven of whom are officially graduating. Another four have graduated over the past decade. Therefore, this paper set out to look at the nature of poverty in the LDCs and what has been done to reduce the level of poverty and the need to strengthen the graduation procedures especially as it has been a bit difficult to graduate from the LDCs category
ASSESSMENT OF BOLON TRADITIONAL JUSTICE SYSTEM OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN BATA KINGDOM OF DEMSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF ADAMAWA STATE OF NIGERIA
Get PDFBolon Traditional Justice System is a mechanism of conflict resolution in Bata Kingdom of Demsa Local Government of Adamawa which is involved in settling conflict through truth-telling, taking of an oath, and consultation of ancestral spirit for amicable conflict resolution that creates an avenue for forgiveness, reconciliation, love, empathy to foster peace also, punished and sanction culprit. This practice has been accepted by the indigenous people. To this inference, the research attempted to raise the following questions what is the role of the Bolon Traditional Justice system in conflict resolution, why does the community prefer the Bolon justice system to the formal justice system, and what is the impact of Bolon traditional justice? The objective is drawn from the mentioned questions which are to examine the role of Bolon traditional justice in conflict resolution, to investigate why the indigenous community preferred Bolon traditional justice to the formal justice system, and to identify the impact of the Bolon traditional justice system. Therefore, the research used secondary data sources like the internet, periodic journals, books, and libraries while the primary data sources are key informant interviews and Focus Group interviews with a stratified random sampling of 180 populations with a selection of five interviewers each in the 18 districts in Demsa Local Government. In this premise the paper asses the Bolon Traditional Justice System of Bata Kingdom of Demsa Local Government of Adamawa State