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Response of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) at Varying Levels of Soil Applied Potassium
Get PDFThe pot study was conducted during autumn 2015 at | department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam Pakistan to assess the effect of soil applied potassium sulphate (K2SO4) fertilizer on growth, biomass production and K accumulation of plants of tomato variety Roma. The study was executed in a net-house under natural conditions following completely randomized design. There were six treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg K2O ha-1), each repeated thrice. A recommended blanket dose of 150 kg nitrogen and 75 kg phosphorus ha-1was also given to the crop. Tomato plants were raised in five kg plastic pots filled with a K-deficient soil (119 mg kg-1). Results of the study indicated that K nutrition significantly enhanced growth, biomass production and K accumulation of tomato plants. K nutrition augmented different plant height (49%), shoot diameter (103%), fresh biomass (134%), dry biomass (182%), number of leaves (75%) and K concentration (3.1 fold). It is concluded that a dose of 100 kg K2O ha-1 was the most optimum for tomato plants at early growth stage. These results need to be verified under field conditions at maturity level of tomatoes
Population Fluctuation and Damage Potential of Red Flour Beetle on Different Dry Fruits under Laboratory Conditions
Get PDFThe study was conducted to determine the population fluctuation of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum on different dry fruits under laboratory conditions from 6th March 2015 to 24th July 2015. Four different dry fruits viz; T1 (almonds), T2 (walnuts), T3 (peanuts), T4 (cashew nuts) and T5 (wheat as control) were used in the experiment. The standard weight of 50g of every dry fruit was kept in plastic jars and covered with muslin cloth. Ten pairs of beetles were released in each jar. Observations were recorded at fortnight interval and population of the live beetles was counted. Results of the study showed that the population of red flour beetles gradually increased in all the treatments control with respect to time. The highest overall mean population of T. castaneum was recorded in wheat (61.61±10.02) followed by cashew nuts (52.90±8.26), almonds (50.01±7.81) and walnuts (43.56±5.89). The lowest population of red flour beetles (27.41±8.26) was recorded in peanut. The highest weight loss was recorded in wheat (18.8 %), followed by cashew nuts (15.6%), almonds (14%), walnuts (11.2%) and peanuts (8%) respectively
Assessment of Weibull Parameter by Five Numerical Methods and Estimation of Wind Speed at Rotterdam, Netherland
Get PDFIn this paper Weibull parameters(c and k) have been estimated on wind speed data of Rotterdam, Netherland. We have applied five numerical methods i.e. Modified Maximum Likelihood Method, Maximum Likelihood Method, Energy Pattern Method, Empirical Method and Method of Moments, to calculate the values of c and k. The parameters k and c have used to estimate the probability distribution function and average wind speed. The wind speed data on hourly basis from 2005-2014 have obtained from “Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute”
Feasibility Study for the Installation of Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Pakistan
No full textWind generated electricity is one of the most attractive methods of electric power generation in a third world country like Pakistan. This paper presents the economic and technical viability of wind energy generation in remote and rural areas of Sindh (Pakistan). In light of this, Three wind turbines with power ratings of 660 kW, 1,000 kW and 18,00 kW are chosen. The economic analysis has been carried out by four economic indexes that are: cost benefit analysis (CBI), Net Present Value (NPV), Pay Back Period (PBP) and the Costof Energy (COE /KWh) of electricity production at 80m hub height while the Sensitivity of the selected parameters showed that NPV is more sensitive to retail price of local electricity cost
Generalized Higher Order (φ, η, ω, π, ρ, θ, m)-Invexities in Parametric Optimality Conditions for Discrete Minmax Fractional Programming
No full textFirst several new classes of higher order (φ, η, ω, π, ρ, θ, m)-invexities are introduced, and then a set of higher-order parametric necessary optimality conditions and several sets of higher order sufficient optimality conditions for a discrete minmax fractional programming problem applying various higher order (φ, η, ω, π, ρ, θ, m)-invexity constraints are established. The obtained results are new and generalize a wide range of results in the literature
Intensity Correction and Pole Figure Measurement of Copper Metallic by XRD
Get PDFIn this research work the process of data intensity correction and pole figure measurement were investigated and analyzed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. Different corrections were studied, to see their influence on the crystallographic texture analysis. Specific software, which is Labotex was used to determine the pole figure for copper (Cu) metallic after which the data corrections have been made. The copper, Cu sample was simply prepared by a low cost method Mini Mill 2 Panalytical and the sample was rotated for 10 minutes by grinding the sample at high speed of 250 rpm
The Use of Probiotics in Respiratory Allergy
Get PDFThere is a high and steadily increasing prevalence of respiratory allergy throughout the world, especially in paediatric population and in industrialized and developing countries. A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors has been implicated to explain this dramatic increase in prevalence of allergic diseases. It has been suggested that exposure to microbes plays a critical role in the development of the early immune system and may contribute to allergic diseases through their effect on mucosal immunity. Probiotics, microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host, are used in a great number of paediatric and adult diseases, mainly gastrointestinal disorders, but they have been proposed to be beneficial also in allergic diseases. Different trials have been published finding benefits in the use of probiotics in prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis, but to date, studies have yielded inconsistent findings to support a protective association between their use on prevention of allergic rhinitis or asthma. However, probiotics may be beneficial in improving symptoms and quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis although it remains limited due to study heterogeneity and variable outcome measures. As a result of these controversies, future investigations with a better standardization are needed. In this review, we summarize recent clinical research to elucidate the mechanisms of probiotics and their effect in respiratory allergy. According to published data, probiotics could emerge as a novel, complementary treatment option for allergic rhinitis but not for asthma
The Mechanisms of Immune System Regulation by Probiotics in Immune-Related Diseases
Get PDFProbiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts, may confer a health benefit on the host. Stimulation and regulation of immune system is among well documented benefits claimed for probiotics. Both innate and adaptive immune system can be regulated by these microorganisms. Effects of probiotics on immune system are significantly dependent on the strain, dosage and the investigated condition. In this article the mechanisms through which probiotics may regulate immune system were reviewed. These mechanisms are consist of blockage of adhesion sites for pathogenic bacteria, competition for nutrients, production of inhibitory compounds, degradation of the toxin receptors in the mucosa membrane, activation of phagocytic and natural killer cells as well as regulation of cellular and humoral immunity. Also the immune-related diseases including immune deficiency (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and hypersensitivity (allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 and rheumatoid arthritis) were discusse
Mindfulness for Addiction Recovery: A Cognitive Disciplinary Preventive Approach to Avoid Relapse into Substance Abuse
Get PDFThe present paper is based on a literature review and a pilot study that observed a small group of participants in a bi-weekly substance abuse treatment program that employs mindfulness training to help subjects avoid relapse into substance abuse. “Mindfulness” is defined as a state of non-judgemental self-awareness. The program that we propose combines three treatment modalities: 1) yoga practice, 2) silent meditation practice, and 3) self-reflection, a peer-led discussion on issues affecting recovery from substance abuse. Discussion of issues affecting substance abuse employs “cognitive disciplines” derived from the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous and Buddhist teachings on “mindfulness” and “relief from suffering”. The pilot study examines the effect of combining stress reduction and mindfulness of the body, induced by yoga practice; mindfulness of mental processes, aided by silent meditation, and self-awareness of one’s emotional and behavioural responses to stress, learned using the “cognitive disciplines”. This multi-disciplinary process is applied to influence one’s experience of stress and addictive patterns of behaviour. The present case study examines whether the combination of the three treatment modalities improves the participants’ ability to avoid relapse into substance abuse. This study follows an approach similar to the one used by Bryan and Zipp (2014) in their research involving the effects of mindfulness meditation during yoga and cycling from a physical-behavioural perspective and Groves’ (2014) approach to mental wellness. Our preliminary findings of the participants’ observations resulting from the pilot study and our literature review were combined into a theoretical framework which is comprised of a Three Pronged Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TPCBT) for addiction recovery