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Influence of Sugar, Ammonium Nitrate and Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Flowering of Celosia argentea var. cristata
Get PDFIn vitro flowering is considered to be a complex process regulated by a vast of environmental and genetic factors. The present study describes the influence of sugar, ammonium nitrate and plant growth regulators on in vitroflowering from nodal explants of Celosia argentea var. cristata cultured for 6 weeks on basal MS medium under aseptic and light conditions. The addition to MS medium different concentrations of sucrose or ammonium nitrate did not influence on morphogenesis of Celosia plants. Among the plant growth regulators tested, supplementation with 1.0 mg/l KIN induced maximum number of new shoots (2.52). Flowering occurred on 100% of in vitro shoots cultured on modify MS medium supplemented with 16.50 and 8.25 g/l of NH4NO3 after 40 days
Efficacy of Bio-Pesticides for Managegement of Sucking Insect Pests of Cotton, Gossipium hirsutum (L.)
Get PDFThe studies were conducted consecutively for two years, 2006 and 2007 for management of cotton insect pests through eco-friendly measures. Bio-pesticides Neem seed extract, Neem oil, Asafoetida (Hing) and Tobacco leaf extract were evaluated against sucking complex. The experiment regarding evaluation botanical pesticides showed that among all bio-pesticides, the highest percent reduction of thrip (67.65%) was recorded in Neem seed extract followed by Neem oil (60.00%), Tobacco (63.59%) and Hing (Asafoetida) (52.68%) after 96 h. of application. Overall maximum mean reduction (64.69%) was recorded in Neem seed extract followed by Neem oil (57.74%), Tobacco (52.91%) and Asafoetida (46.52%). The highest reduction of jassid (71.97%) was recorded followed by Neem oil (70.06%), Hing (Asafoetida) (68.15%) and Tobacco (23.56%) after 96 h., of application of pesticides. With regards to reduction percent of whitefly revealed that maximum reduction (60.18%) was recorded in Hing (Asafoetida) followed by Neem oil (59.78%), Neem extract (59.38%) and tobacco (40.61%) after 96 h., of spray application. The botanical pesticides started reducing their toxicity after 96 h. However, the effective reduction of pests was recorded up to one week. Integrated pest management (IPM) model was developed for the control of sucking insect pests of cotton, for benefit of farming community through seminars, trainings and pamphlets. Using the safe botanical pesticides remained effective against sucking pests and is recommended against cotton pests, which showed less effective to natural enemies and environment friendly
Effect of Green Manure, Sesbania bispinosa Wight Amendment on Incidence of Sucking Insect Pests, their Predators and Yield in Organic Cotton
Get PDFCotton holds the key importance in the economy of Pakistan, but its yield is severely affected due to the infestation of many insect pests. Farmers mostly rely on chemicals to control pests but their adverse effects on human health and their interests are also considerable. Therefore, this study was conducted over two years to evaluate the influence of amendment of soil with green manure (GM) Dhancha, Sesbania bispinosaWight on the population of cotton sucking insect pests and their predators. Significant impact of GM was found in lowering the population of sucking pests of cotton i.e., Thrips tabaci(Lind), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadus), Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla (Ishida) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch) during both years. Population of predators i.e., Chrysoperla carnea, Geocoris punctipesand Orius sp. was also higher in dhancha treated plots in comparison to control. Application of neem oil was found effective in lowering the population of sucking insect pests during 2014; whereas, application of C. carnea cards showed significant impact after the mid cotton season during 2015. Overall growth and yield parameters were better in dhancha amended organic cotton treatment in comparison to control
Synthesis of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) via Industrially Preferred Route
Get PDFThe assigned study is dedicated to the synthesis, improvement and characterization of acrylic-based superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) which can be used in versatile applications notably in disposable diapers and pharmaceutics. The industrially preferred solution polymerization route and low cost monomers were used to synthesize SAPs. Homopolymer and copolymer based SAPs were prepared with varying amount of cross-linker and initiator concentrations and compared for swelling rate with a commercially available SAP sample. Swelling capacity linearly decreases with increase in cross-linker content for both the synthesized SAPs samples whereas it first increases and then decreases with initiator content for the synthesized copolymer SAP. Swelling kinetics of the synthesized and commercial SAPs were modelled using model equation proposed by Omidian et al. Both the synthesized SAPs showed substantial increase in swelling capacity whereas copolymer SAP exhibited the highest swelling rate (rate parameter 2.78 min) when compared to homopolymer SAP and the commercially available SAP samples. Accordingly, the copolymer SAP may find its application in disposable diapers or pharmaceutics where the higher swelling rate is of prime importance. Copolymer and commercially available SAPs depicted significant decrease in swelling capacity even at very low saline solution concentration (0.01 %)
Determination of Quality Characteristics of Kundhi Buffalo Bull Semen
Get PDFThe objective of present study was to investigate the quality characteristics of semen collected from kundhi bulls. Semen was collected by an artificial vagina and transported into laboratory immediately for evaluation. Total of 96 (Twenty four from each bull) semen the samples were evaluated and found creamy white. The mean (±SEM) were mass activity (+++), volume (2.25 ± 0.01 ml), pH (6.10 ± 0.007), progressive motility (69 ± 0.34%,) sperm concentration (1542 ± 9.20x106/ml), morphology (79 ± 1.37%) and sperm membrane (55.56 ± 1.37%) respectively. Non-significant (P>0.05) difference between the bulls for the characteristics except percentages morphology and sperm membrane where a significant (
Exercise and Mindfulness-Based-Stress-Reduction: A Multidimensional Approach Towards Cancer Survivorship Care
Get PDFCancer survivors often experience a variety of physiological deficits resulting from cancer treatment such as reduced muscle strength, decreased range of motion and poor balance. Cancer survivors also commonly experience psychosocial side effects, such as anxiety, depression and fear of recurrence. Overall, it is common for cancer survivors to report a decrease in physical and emotional wellbeing and overall quality of life. Research suggests that improvements in physical health can be achieved through moderate intensity exercise such as light resistance training and moderate aerobic exercise in this population. Mindfulness-Based-Stress-Reduction (MBSR) programming utilizes various mind/body techniques that can reduce state anxiety levels, distress and depression. While cancer survivors face numerous physiological and psychological challenges, exercise interventions focus on physical health, while MBSR interventions focus on psychosocial health. The American Medical Association (AMA) recommends a patient’s care should include psychological, physiological, psychosocial and educational components, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to cancer survivorship. Integrating exercise and MBSR interventions may serve to optimize the overall health and quality of life of a cancer survivor
Diclofenac Sodium Inhibits Hepatic Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase but Augments Brain Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activities in Rats
No full textTryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) exist only in liver while indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) exists ubiquitously in the body, these are the most rate-limiting enzymes of kynurenine pathway (KP). In response to elevated levels of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines, both enzymes show increase activity in patients with depression or Alzheimer disease (AD). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against both depression and AD, but observational studies have offered contradictory results. Present study evaluates the effects of anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (DS) on rat hepatic TDO and brain IDO activities. Adult Albino Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups, each test group received DS (2mg/kg) i.p. injection daily and were killed either after 3.5 hours (acute treatment) or after 3, 5 and 7 days (chronic treatment) while control groups received an equal volume of vehicle. Results show that TDO enzyme activity was inhibited and liver tryptophan concentrations were increased after 3 to 7 days treatment of DS; however no effect was seen on these parameters after 3.5hrs. Brain IDO activity was increased after both acute and chronic DS treatment. It is concluded that DS inhibits hepatic TDO enzyme activity following chronic treatment, while augments brain IDO activity following both acute and chronic DS treatment, this may result in rise in cerebral kynurenic acid and/or quinolinic acid concentrations. Therefore there is a need that effects of DS on kynurenine pathway should be further investigated to rule out the protective effect of DS in inflammation-induced depression and Alzheimer disease
Rearing of Adult Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on Different Artificial Diets in the laboratory
Get PDFA laboratory study was conducted on rearing of adult Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on different artificial diets. Study was conducted under laboratory conditions at | department of Plant Protection, SAU, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan during 2013-14 to determined better artificial diet for mass rearing of adult C. carnea. Six diets containing water:honey:yeast i.e., D1 (20ml:2g:2g), D2 (20ml:4g:2g), D3 (20ml:6g:2g), water:sugar:yeast D4(20ml:2g:2g), D5 (20ml:4g:2g), D6 (20 ml:6g:2g) and two diets containing water:gur:yeast i.e., D7 (20ml:2g:2g), D8(20ml:4g:2g), D9 (20 ml:6g:2g) were tested. The results showed that maximum pre-oviposition period (11.5 ± 3.95 days) recorded, oviposition period (18.0 ± 0.91 days) and post-oviposition period (5.0 ± 0.71 days) was recorded on D4, D9 and D1, respectively. Minimum pre-oviposition period (7.25 ± 0.25 days), oviposition period (5.0 ± 1.73 days) and post-oviposition period (2.5 ± 0.87 days) was recorded on D8, D4, and D7, respectively. The highest fecundity (342.5 ± 89.55 eggs) was recorded on D9, whereas the lowest fecundity (42.5 ± 5.48 eggs) was recorded on D4. The eggs laid by female fed on D4 took lesser time (1.75 ± 0.66 days) to hatch. Maximum larval and pupal longevity was recorded in larvae of adults fed on D9. The adults lived longer for 30.0 ± 0.91 days on D9. The maximum egg hatching (55 %), larval-pupal transformation (45 %) and adults emergence (30 %) was recorded on D9. It is concluded that D9was found the best one for mass rearing of adult C. carnea
Combining Ability Estimates from Line x Tester Mating Design in Upland Cotton
Get PDFCombining abilities of cotton varieties were evaluated using a line x tester mating design, twelve hybridswhich developed from 3 testers (male) and 4 lines (females). The experiment was conducted on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during 2014. The data were recorded for plant height, sympodial plant-1, bollsplant-1, boll weight and seed cotton yieldplant-1. Chandi-95, NIA-Ufaq and Sadori displayed the highest mean performance and GCA for more or less all the traits, indicating their superiority for inclusion in future breeding programme. The crosses Chandi-95 x BT 802, Sadori x BT A-1, Sohni x BT A-1 and NIA-Ufaq x BT-802 manifested meaning full SCA effects for economic traits, which could be used either for hybrid seed programme or developing superior varieties by applying selection in late segregating generations
Drug Release Profile and Cellular Uptake of Polymeric Prodrugs Synthesized from Amphiphilic Blockcopolymer Using Mechanically Produced Macromonomers Possessing Anhydrate as a Terminal Group
Get PDFIn this paper, the polymeric micelle was fabricated with amphiphilic block copolymer which was synthesized by the condensation of mechanochemically produced PBzMA macromonomer with a-methyl-w-aminopropoxy polyoxyethylene. Although the polymeric micelles containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or rohdamine showed the narrow size distribution as well as blank polymeric micelles, the particle diameter of the polymeric micelles containing 5-FU or rohdamine was larger than that of blank polymeric micelle. Polymeric micelle containing 5-FU slowly released 5-FU and about 10 % of 5-FU was released within 72 h. The present polymeric micelle was uptaken by A549 cells, but HepG2 cells did not. Cytotoxicity of Polymeric micelle containing 5-FU was not observed against HepG2 and A549 cells in this experimental condition. It was considered that the slow release of 5-FU from Polymeric micelle might cause the insufficient cytotoxicity