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Response of Conjunctive Use of Fresh and Saline Water on Growth and Biomass of Cotton Genotypes
Get PDFA pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of conjunctive use of saline and fresh water on the growth and biomass of cotton crop and to observe varietal variability for salinity tolerance and ion contents of cotton genotypes. Four cotton genotypes (Sindh-1, BT-121, CRISS-494, CRISS-588) were irrigated with four treatments, C1 (control+ tape water), C2 (EC 4.0 dS m-1, throughout growth period), ( (six irrigation with C2 + six irrigation with C1), C3 (EC 8.0 dS m-1, throughout growth period), (six irrigation C1+ six irrigation C3), (six irrigation C3+ six irrigation C1), C4 (EC 12.0 dS m-1, throughout growth period), (six irrigation C1+ six irrigation C4). The results showed that highest fresh biomass, plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of bolls and boll weight was obtained in the treatment where tape water was used. Whereas, these parameters were decrease significantly with the increasing salinity levels from 4 to 12 dS m-1 and when saline water was applied continuously throughout growth period. The cotton genotypes Sindh-1 and Bt-21 performed well under conjunctive use of saline and fresh water with maximum values in compare to genotypes CRIS 494 and 588. The Na+ and Cl- accumulation in cotton leaves and in soil significantly increased with rising EC levels of irrigation water. However, Na+ and Cl- contents were found more in CRIS 494 and CRIS 588 than Sindh-1 and Bt1. It is concluded that Sindh-1 and Bt-121 may be cultivated in saline areas with alternate irrigation
An Update on Secondary Metabolites from Glycyrrhiza Species
Get PDFSecondary metabolites have been obtained from the Glycyrrhiza species (Fabaceae) including G. glabra, G. echinata, G. uralensis, G. triphylla and G. macedonica. These compounds 1-25 belong to the classes, steroid, saponin, flavonoid, flavonoid glycoside, triterpenic acid, coumarin, phenolic derivative, chalcone and chalcone glycoside. This review will describe the isolated compounds 1-25, obtained from Glycyrrhiza species with their biological activities up to 1966
Business Intelligence Solution for Food Industry
Get PDFBefore the 1960’s organizations used to calculate figures on speculation. But ever since the demand for data analysis increased, Business Intelligence and Analytics is growing so rapidly that today it has been used for government, non-government, profitable, non profitable as well as the corporate world. The effect and impact on business intelligence system on various aspects of economy are increasing year to year. Recently, it is being used in the food industry as well. Many advanced techniques give rise to efficient methods and ways to provide a robust and effective environment for implementing BI systems in the food manufacturing industry domain; which is one of the most important industries across the globe. Hence this makes quite sense that this area would make use of such BI tools and take advantage in the similar manner as marketing firms and financial | departments for understanding their customer needs, increasing efficiency and for keeping track of the rising demands. This paper discusses a BI system on a food manufacturing industry; National Foods Canada along with the characteristics, data, methodology as well as tools used in the system. Also examples with references of the business intelligence systems used in the food manufacturing industries are presented
Management of Different Dairy Production Systems in Sindh
Get PDFThe study of management of different dairy production system in Sindh was conducted in randomly selected from three zones consisting of nine districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. The data was collected from central zone consisting of three districts (Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Shaheed Benazirabad) in 2005-06, from upper zone (districts i.e. Larkana, Sukkur and Shikarpur) in 2006-07, and from lower Sindh zone(Karachi, Thatta and Badin) in years 2007-08. The educational status indicated that the graduate dairy farmers were significantly (
Geo Spatial Assessment of Flood Hazard in Jhang District, Pakistan
Get PDFFloods are one of the leading natural disasters in Pakistan. In recent decades the frequency and intensity of floods has increased due to human and environmental factors. In this work an attempt was made to examine the flood vulnerable areas of Jhang district and its impact on land cover changes by using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Image Analysis and different indices like NDVI, NDWI were applied on satellite images for identification of flood prone areas and vegetation conditions in study area. Flood prone areas were further classified into low, medium and high risk areas according to flood hazard. The results indicate that, Jhang covers total area of 6357 km2 out of which flood affected area is 530 km2. During the flood of 2010 water area expanded approximately 714 km2 while a decline was observed in agricultural lands which have lost139 km2 area under vegetatio
Efficacy of Different Bio-Pesticides against Major Sucking Pests on Brinjal under Field Conditions
Get PDFA field study was carried out during 2015 at the experimental area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, (ARI) Tando Jam to examine the efficacy of different bio-pesticides against major sucking pests on brinjal under field conditions. Four treatments with three replications were applied. The treatments were: T1=Neem (Azadirachta indica), T2= Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), T3= Datura (Datura stramonium) and T4=Control (untreated). Three insect pests were found infesting brinjal including white flies, jassid and mites. Pre-treatment and post-treatment observations were recorded.The results revealed that against white fly, the first spray of Neem extract showed highest reduction percent (82.60%) followed by Tobacco extract (75.95%), Datura extract (73.93%), and lowest for untreated control (11.07%); while in the second spray also Neem extract showed highest effect against white fly (67.53%); followed by Tobacco extract (56.43%), Datura extract (42.25%), and least by untreated plot (5.49%). Against jassid, Neem extract showed highest effect (55.95%) as observed during 1st spray, followed by Tobacco extract (53.38%), Datura o extract (63.11%)and untreated control (8.00%), while after second spray also Neem extract showed highest reduction percent (68.73%) followed by Tobacco extract (55.72%), Datura extract (50.66%) and the lowest was resulted by untreated control (13.90%). Against mites population on brinjal the first spray results showed that Neem extract showed highest effect (96.19%) followed by Tobacco extract (95.75%), Datura extract (86.86%) and least population was recorded in untreated control (9.96%). After second spray, Neem extract showed highest reduction percent (98.33%), followed by Tobacco extract (92.85%), Datura extract (88.93%) and the lowest reduction percent was resulted by untreated control (9.14%)respectively. Neem extract showed its superiority in effect to combat sucking insect pests studied in brinjal, followed by, Tobacco extract, Datura extract and untreated control remained the least
Effect of Astragalus eremophilus on the Growth of Bracharia ramose
Get PDFAstragalus eremophilus is traditionally used as a potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant medicinal plant. In the present study we proposed to assess an allelopathic property of the aqueous extract of Astragalus eremophilus. Proposed plant of Astragalus eremophilus was collected from the catchment area of University of Science and Technology Bannu in its growing season. The plant parts were dried in shed, grounded to powdered form and saturated with de-ionized water to prepare aqueous crude extract. Promising effects were shown by the crude aqueous extract of Astragalus eremophilus (root and stalk) growth control and least stalk development at high concentration with respect to control. The effect of Astragalus eremophilus on roots and stalk development of Bracharia ramose is as follows; 40% > 30% > 20% > 10%. Astragalus eremophilus could be used as an alternative for weed control as evident by the present study, where further characterization studies are recommended for the production of plant based natural herbicides
The Role of Potassium in Plants under Drought Stress: Mini Review
Get PDFDrought stress is a major catastrophe to plant productivity. Drought stress significantly reduces the crop yield and quality, and probably exceeds losses from all other stresses. Potassium (K+) is an essential nutrient and affects the growth and development, and it also contribute significantly towards plants survival under drought stress. In this mini review we discussed the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying K induced alleviation of drought stress
A Comparative Kinetic Study of Free and Immobilized Urease on Commercial and Glutaraldehyde Activated Cotton
Get PDFUrease was immobilized on commercial cotton and commercial cotton activated with glutaraldehyde. The kinetic of urea hydrolysis by free and immobilized urease was studied as a function of pH, temperature and time of hydrolysis. High concentration of ammonia was released at pH 10.0 for free enzyme (0.097 mg/mL) and urease immobilized on cotton (0.092 mg/mL) and pH 4.0 for enzyme, immobilized on activated commercial cotton (0.083 mg/mL). High concentration of ammonia was released at 30 °C for free enzyme (0.006 mg/mL), 25 °C for urease immobilized on cotton (0.043 mg/mL) and urease immobilized on cotton activated with glutaraldehyde (0.015 mg/mL). High concentration of ammonia was released after 10 minutes for free enzyme (0.0016 mg/mL), 60 minutes for inactivated (0.043 mg/mL) and for activated cotton (0.015 mg/ml). The result show that immobilized urease is less effective than the free enzyme and is more active in acid medium than the basic medium
Effect of Diversified Model of Organizational Politics on Diversified Emotional Intelligence
Get PDFPurpose behind the study is to explore the influence of organizational politics of bankers on the ability based emotional intelligence and their diversified interplay. The sample of 292 bankers was used for testing organizational politics’ effect on emotional intelligence as well as individual and collective effect of facets of organizational politics (general political behavior, going along to get ahead, and pay and promotions policies) on dimensions of emotional intelligence (self and others’ emotional appraisal, use and regulation of emotions). The results witnessed that organizational politics significantly affects emotional intelligence, whereas organizational politics’ dimensions significantly predict each emotional intelligence dimension collectively. It is also noted that general political behavior and going along to get ahead have a negative effect on the dimensions of emotional intelligence. But pay and promotion policies positively influences emotional intelligence dimensions. The study can be helpful for the managers, who can identify the patterns of political behaviors and the persons who use it by openly discussing it with the employees through training. Limitations and future suggestions are presented in later part