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Comparison of Foliar Verses Soil Application of Micronutrients on the Production of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Crop.
Get PDFThe present work was laid out to compare the effect of foliar verses soil application of micronutrients on the production of wheat crop at experimental side of southern wheat station Agriculture Research Institute Tandojam, during Rabi season 2016. There were ten fertilizer treatments viz T1= K2%, T2= 1% Zn, T3= B 0.2%, T4= Cu 2%, T5= Mg 1% as foliar application while T6= 6Kg Zn ha-1, T7= 3.5Kg B ha-1 (Borax) T8= 5Kg Cu ha-1 (CuSo4), untreated T9 tried with an standard dose of 230-115 Kg and NP ha-1 was (T10). The experiment was laid out in three replicated Randomized Complete Block Design. It was observed that plant height, tillers plant-1, spike length, grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield ha-1 differed significant between all the treatments. Soil application of 6 Kg ha-1 Zn gave maximum grain yield of 5113.33 Kg ha-1, this increscent in yield was associated with significant increase in tillers plant-1 of 20.81.Spike length of 13.84 cm, grain spike-1 of 71.95 and 1000 seed weight was 68.66 respectively. It is concluded that soil application of micronutrients were relatively more effective than foliar application in local soil condition. Among the micronutrients Zn applied at 6 Kg ha-1, followed by 3 Kg Mg ha-1 and 3.5 Kg B ha-1 gave higher grain yield due to increased values in all yield related parameters
Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity of Flower of Aloe vera and Leaf Extract of Aloe ferox
Get PDFGreat attention has been focused on medicinal plants and phytoconstituents due to their free radicals scavenging tendency. The present study investigates the comparative antioxidant ability of aqueous extracts of flower of Aloe vera and leaf of Aloe ferox. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS+ free-radical method. The IC50 values of aqueous extracts of flower of the A. vera and leaf of A. ferox in DPPH assay were 406.04 and 517.01 µg/ml, in ABTS+ radical scavenging assay were 44.72 and 173.05 µg/ml, EC1 in FRAP assay were 0.28 and 0.51 (mg/ml) respectively. Results of the present study showed that antioxidant capacity of whole leaf of Aloe ferox Mill was significantly higher than Aloe vera flowers
Biomarkers in Human and Environmental Health Risk Studies
Get PDFUncertainties in human health risk assessment, and the measuring on the impacts of contaminants have attracted great concern. Uncertainties, source-to-outcome, exposure assessment, hazard and risk characterisations are a number of techniques that have been applied to maximize results. Experts’ opinions and quantitative tools have been applied to narrow the gap between data and rules for regulatory purposes. Bio monitoring information, in vitro data streams and computational toxicology are major areas for human health risk assessment. A need for a biomarkers data bank is of utmost need to minimize uncertainties in the toxicological environmental human health risk assessment field
Investigation of Ethnic Diversity In Pakistan: A Case Study of Karachi
Get PDFIn developing countries increasing population and lack of good governance are the major issues and Pakistan is no exception. These issues are highlighted most in the context of urban centers. Karachi is the most populous city of Pakistan and currently ranked 6th among the mega cities of the world. After partition this city has grown up rapidly due to influx of both national and international immigrants. Urdu speaking persons are the largest ethnic group in Karachi and Pashtuns are second largest group who came to Karachi. It can’t be wrong to say that there are even more Pashtuns in Karachi than in Peshawar itself. Almost 50% of the total population is Urdu speaking whereas 25% of total population is Pashtun in Karachi, whereas, 14% are from Punjab and remaining 9% speaking other languages are settled here. Similarly there are areas in the city marked for Christians, Hindus, Parsis etc. Census Data for the years 1951, 1961, 1972, 1981 and 1998 are taken to analyze the variability of Religion, Population and Language (language data is not available for 1972 census). Spatial development of Slums / Katchi-Abadi 1988 and projection for 2000 has also been discussed. The change in population for the years 1981 and 1988 has been mapped using GIS. MP & ECD Analysis Zones have been used and according to the findings during the years 1986-2000 population increase percent is higher in Surjani Town and Taisar Town. It is also concluded that 96% population living in the city are Muslims and speak more than 9 different languages
Natural Carotenoid Pigments of 6 Chlorophyta Freshwater Green Algae Species
Get PDFNowadays, halal products are gaining wider recognition as a new benchmark for safety and quality assurance. As a consequence the commercial development of microalgae is established due to their high value chemicals, for examples, β-carotene, astaxanthin, phycobilin pigments and algal extracts for cosmaceutical products. Therefore, many researchers have gained interest to study the potential of microalgae as new valuable chemicals and other product sources. The aim of the research is to explore new sources of pigments to be used as halal food colorants. This quest is not only directed in finding natural alternatives for synthetic dyes, but also to discover new taxons for the carotenoid production. Thus, there is a solid need to investigate the potential of natural pigments, particularly carotenoids in microalgae to be fully utilised and commercialised especially in halal market, health advantages, food products and dye technology. A total of 6 species was evaluated for quantitative and qualitative carotenoid composition, namely, Chlorella fusca, Chlorella vulgaris, Selenastrum capricornutum, Pandorina morum, Botryococcus sudeticus and Chlorococcum sp. The main carotenoids identified in all species through HPLC analysis were lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The ratio of these carotenoids varies between species. Lutein was detected substantially higher in Chlorella fusca(69.54±11.29 μg/g DW);β-cryptoxanthin in Pandorina morum species (1.24±0.33 μg/g DW) whereas β-carotene in Chlorella vulgaris (18.42±9.2 ug/g DW). The significant outcome of the research will be new findings of new natural carotenoid pigment sources as potential food colorants and bioactive compounds which can be beneficial to halal health promoting products industry
Impact of Chemotherapy Treatments on Dietary Intakes of Macro and Micronutrients among Jordanian Women with Breast Cancer
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer related deaths among women worldwide. Nutritional factors may account for the large variation in BC incidence around the world. Most studies have shown no link between dietary intakes and increased risk of BC.Objective: To evaluate the dietary intake of macro and some micronutrients among BC patients with respect to chemotherapy treatment.Methods: A total of 168 BC patients aged 20-70 years attending BC clinics at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Jordan were evaluated for dietary intake. The study design permitted to include 60 newly-diagnosed BC patients who were not exposed to any type of interventions and 108 recently-diagnosed BC patients (up to three months). Recently group member were sub-divided in two sub-groups to control exposure to chemotherapy. The Chemo group (have exposed to chemotherapy) and the non-chemo group (have exposed to other types of treatments interventions). Calculations were based on the computerized nutrient analysis program (the food processor nutrition and fitness analysis software (ESHA), version 10.6/.3, Salem, USA).Results: Energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intakes were not significantly different considering exposure to chemotherapy. However, they were less than recommended in all BC patients.Conclusion: The possible risk of dietary undernutrition among BC patients that need a careful monitoring, evaluation and managements care plan
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) as a New Target for the Treatment of Glycerol-Induced Nephropathy
Get PDFObjective: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring nutrient composed of sulfur, oxygen and methyl groups. MSM may have anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activity. The present work was done to investigate the possible cure effect of methylsulfonylmethane on glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats.Methodes: After water deprivation, a kidney injury was induced in rats by intramuscular administration of glycerol 10 mL/kg (50% vol./vol. in saline). Several parameters including macroscopic score, histopathological and biochemical were determined to assess the degree of treatment.Results: Results showed that MSM decreased macroscopic and microscopic kidney’s injury scores caused by glycerol. MSM also significantly reduced urea and creatinine levels compared to glycerol-induced ARF group.Conclusion: MSM as a natural product has a curing effect against glycerol-induced myoglobinuria
Reinforcement of Lime Ash Particles in LDPE
Get PDFThis study presents findings from an experimental investigation on the reinforcement of Lime ash particles (LAP) synthesized from coal fly ash, CaO, and CaSO4 in Low density Polyethylene (LDPE).The Lime ash particles are synthesized by reinforcing 0 to 30 weight percentages of LAP in virgin LDPE using compression moulding. The mechanical properties of composites are studied and results showed that by adding LAP in LDPE as filler the Tensile Strength and Impact Strength of the composite decreases due to poor interfacial bonding between filler particles and LDPE but Hardness and Flexural Properties increases due to improved properties of surface
The Slaughtering and Dressing Procedures of Livestock Inside the Butcher Shops Generate High Levels of Bacterial Contamination
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Raw meats from animal carcasses are most frequently contaminated with bacteria during the slaughtering and dressing process. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the bacterial quality of raw meat from lamb, goat and beef carcasses immediately after slaughtering at butcher shops in Al-Mafraq city-Jordan.Materials and Methods: A total of 243 meat samples were aseptically cut from the hand, leg and back of carcasses at three butcher locations, designated as site-C (the central part of the city), site-N (the north side of the city) and site-S (the south side of the city). Samples were processed and then cultured on nutrient agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar plates aerobically at 35 °C for 48 h for enumeration of bacteria and total Enterobacteriaceae count (TEC) by aerobic plate count (APC). APC and TEC were expressed as colony forming units per gram of meat (CFU/g).Results: APC and TEC in the raw meats ranged from 11.6-28.1 X 106 CFU/g on nutrient agar and from 23-120 X 103 CFU/g on XLD agar medium. By meat type, the lamb had the highest APC and TEC, followed by beef. By location, the highest APC and TEC were shown in the C-Site, followed by the S-Site. There were significant differences between APC counts by location and meat type (
Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases Receiving Simvastatin in Palu Indonesia
Get PDFCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide which results from the impaired function of the heart and blood vessels. The most common CVDs are coronary heart and stroke. The main clinical manifestation of these diseases is the formation of atherosclerosis which is associated with the change of blood lipid levels. Simvastatin is widely used in patients with impaired lipid levels in the blood. The study was a descriptive research with a retrospective approach on medical record data (n=64) taken from Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The variables included in this study were gender, age, diagnosis, co-medication, lipid profile including total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and HDL in patients with CVDs receiving simvastatin. In the study, sixty-four patients of CVDs met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study suggested that simvastatin achieved to normalize the blood lipid levels, including total cholesterol in forty-four patients (68.75%), LDL in forty-nine patients (80.3%), triglycerides in fifty-nine patients (92.19%), and HDL in fifty-two patients (81.25%). The use of simvastatin in patients with CVDs managed to lower total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, as well as increase the HDL level