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An Overview of the Antibacterial Implications of Lansium domesticum
Get PDFLansium domesticum belongs to the family Meliaceae and is admired for its fruit in southern Asia. The family Meliaceae is known as novel bioactive compounds that are usually used in folk remedy as a drug for the treatment of diarrhea. The leaf and bark mixture of L. domesticum cv. duku exhibited antibacterial activity towards Bacillus subtile, Staphylococcus aureus, and Echerichia coli. Phytochemical screening of fruit waste of L. domesticum showed the presence of 3β -hydroxyonocera-8, 21α -hydroxyonocera-8, 14-dien-21-one and 14-dien-3-one, lansic acid. The seeds contain tetranortriterpenoids. The bark contains active compounds namely onoceradienedione, lansiolic acid A, iso-onoceratriene and 3-keto lansiolic acid. The methanolic extract of the bark of L. domesticum cv kokossan showed major antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and. Bacillus subtilis The ethyl acetate extract exhibited an antibacterial efficacy with an inhibit zone respectively of 14 and 12.5 mm towards E. coli and B. cereus. Silver nanoparticles have a future in an antimicrobial role. The silver nanoparticles of L. domesticum are spherical in shape with a size from10-30 nm
Review of Pharmacological Activities of Vetiveria zizanoide (Linn) Nash
Get PDFVetiveria zizanioides (Linn) Nash is a perennial magical grass of family poaceae commonly known as Khas which is highly valued grass due to its adventitious root system. It is widely distributed in the Pakistan. It is cultivated in all provinces of Pakistan due to its great economic importance. This grass grows plain ascending up to 1200m. Mostly roots stem and leaves were used for treatment of different diseases by ancestors. Adventitious roots contain essential oil which used for multipurpose such as perfumery and in pharmacological industry. Vetiver oil contains approximately 150 compounds, including sesquiterpenoide, hydrocarbons. Phytochemical analysis of leaves shows the presence of flavonoides, saponins, tannins and phenols. Various tribes of India used this tuft grass for commercial purposes. Khas serve as broom, for cooling, roof of huts and as medicine for different diseases such as sunstroke, ulcer, fever, epilepsy and in skin diseases. In this study we summaries the magical pharmacological activities of Vetiveria zizanioides such as anti inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti malarial, anti tubercular, anti hyperglycemic, anti hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity
Grain Yield, Nutrient Accumulation and Fertilizer Efficiency in Bread Wheat under Variable Nitrogen and Phosphorus Regimes
Get PDFBalanced crop nutrition is one of the important tools necessary for sustaining crop productivity, maintaining soil fertility and ensuring food security worldwide. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential plant macronutrients, nevertheless, most of the Pakistani soils exhibit moderate to severe deficiency of these nutrients. Furthermore, considerable genetic variations exist among wheat genotypes for nutrient acquisition and utilization which illustrate their differential nutrient requirements to produce higher yields. A field experiment was conducted in order to formulate balanced fertilizer recommendations for newly evolved wheat genotype SD-998 to achieve maximum yield potential. Ten treatments viz., 0-0 (control), 90-23, 90-45, 90-70, 120-30, 120-60, 120-90, 150-40, 150-75 and 150-110 kg N-P2O5 ha-1 were applied according to randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that growth, yield and yield related attributes as well as nutrient accumulation were significantly (P ? 0.05) influenced by varying N and P rates. The maximum plant height (100.8 cm), number of tillers per plant (10), spike length (10.3 cm), number of grains per spike (66), 100-grain weight (4.10 g) and grain yield (4990 kg ha-1) was recorded in treatment having 150-110 kg N-P2O5 ha-1. The highest P recovery efficiency (20.8 %), agronomic N efficiency (19.4 kg kg-1) and agronomic P efficiency (36.8 kg kg-1) were attained at 120-30, 90-70 and 150-40 kg N-P2O5 ha-1, respectively. However, the highest total N accumulation (140.8 kg ha-1), P accumulation (21.0 kg ha-1), N recovery efficiency (71.1 %) and profit (Rs. 73625 ha-1) were noticed at 150 kg N plus 110 kg P2O5 ha-1. Thus, 150-110 kg N-P2O5 ha-1 (N:P2O5 in 4:3 ratio) was suggested as the most balanced and economical dose for the tested wheat genotype
An Estimation of the Impact of Uninterpretable Power Supply Systems on Electricity Distribution Utility of Pakistan
Get PDFThe power crisis in Pakistan is getting worse day by day. Electricity shortfall has reached upto 5000 MW. Due to power shortage consumers are facing load shedding for more than 6 hrs a day. To get rid of this crisis consumers have opted fossil fueled generators and UPS. Due to excessive availability UPS are more popular than generators. Although, UPS satisfy the need of consumers during power outage hour but due to efficiency constrains these UPS put extra burden on grid. This study estimates the power loss that occurs in consequence of using inefficient UPS. It has been found that about 3.75% of total power provided by the utility is lost during charging and discharging. The research also provides suggestions to eradicate the efficiency losses which occurred as a result of using UPS
Pharmacological Activities of Carica papaya Linn
Get PDFCarica papaya is a tropical fruit, present in orange red to yellow orange color. The whole plant including fruit, leaves, roots, peel, bark, seed and pulp served as medicine. It is rich in minerals, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, enzymes, lycopene, and flavonoids that provide the papaya with special importance. It is used as a remedy for the treatment of many skin infections, anti fungal, anti viral infections. Its milky juice extracted and dried is used as medicine for digestive disorders and as toothpaste. Carica papaya helps in the treatment of different types of cancer, kidney infections, nervous disorders, etc. Now a days papaya is known as a nutraceutical fruit because of its multifaceted properties. The most enhanced properties of papaya are anti-fungal, anti-fertility, uretonic, anti-hypertensive, hypolipidemic, dengue fever, diuretic, anti-helmintic, wound healing, antibacterial and antitumor activities. This review summarizes the magical pharmacological benefits of Carica papaya
Evaluation of the Effect of Telmisartan on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Get PDFGentamicin (Gen) is widely used against serious infections, but its therapeutic use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity which causes acute renal failure.We aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of highly selective angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker Telmisartan (Tel) on the renal damage generated by Gentamicin in rats.36 Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (6 rats each): Naive, Tel group (10 mg/kg/day orally for 7 days), control (1 ml/day 0.9% NaCl intraperitoneally i.p. for 7 days), Gen group (100 mg/kg/day i.p for 7 days), Gen + Tel 5 mg/kg/day concurrently for 7 days, Gen + Tel 10 mg/kg/day concurrently for 7 days.Concentrations of serum urea, serum creatinine, and renal reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated after treatment.Gen was observed to cause a severe nephrotoxicity, which was evidenced by an elevation of serum urea and creatinine levels which weren’t altered by simultaneous treatment with Tel. The oxidative stress caused by Gen demonstrated by a decrease in renal GSH level was significantly attenuated by Telmisartan (the higher dose).Conclusion: This study proves the nephrotoxicity caused by Gentamicin, and suggests that concurrent treatment with Telmisartan ameliorate oxidative stress induced by gentamicin without changes to serum urea and creatinine
Thrombolytic, CNS Depressant and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Bark of Syzygium cumini L. Skeels: An In-Vivo and In-Vitro Study
Get PDFThe present study was aimed to create scientific insights that validate the traditional use of bark of ethanolic extract of S. cumini in thrombosis, CNS depression and in diarrheal cases. The CNS depressant activity was evaluated by observing the locomotor activity of the animals in the open field and forced swim methods at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and the anti-diarrheal activity was evaluated through castor oil induced method and charcoal induced GI motility tests. Finally thrombolytic activity assessment was done by employing Streptokinase as standard. In this study, among the five different concentrations 10 mg/ml showed maximum clot lysis that was 48.5%, whereas standard showed 51.05% lysis of clot. In case of open field test, the mean number of movement at 60 min were 20 and 31.11 at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. In case of castor oil induced method the above two doses of bark extract of S. cumini exhibited 23.07% and 36.67% of diarrheal inhibition compared to the standard Loperamide (5mg/kg) was 50%. For charcoal induced GI motility test, diarrheal inhibition was 23.07% and 36.67%. The present revealed that ethanolic bark extract of bark of S. cumini justify its traditional uses through good thrombolytic, CNS depressant and anti-diarrheal activity
Effectiveness of Web-Based Nutrition Education for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
No full textBackground: In the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), encouraging health behaviors can help prevent the progression of kidney disease leading to eventual kidney failure. The studies of health education using computer technology have been greatly developed, especially web-based nutrition education.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a nutrition education website for CKD patients.Method: The design of this quasi-experimental research was a group pre-test/post-test. The participants were pre-dialysis CKD patients who were enrolled on the developed website www.banraktai.com. The participants were required to complete an eating behavior questionnaire and knowledge test. They accessed the website for eight weeks, and at week 8, they completed the eating behavior questionnaire and knowledge test again. The main outcomes were the changes in scores of nutrition knowledge and eating behavior that were compared between the baseline and after the intervention using the paired t-test. The correlation between nutrition knowledge scores and eating behavior scores was determined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.Results: There were 44 participants that completed the study. The results showed that the participants had significant improvement in both knowledge scores and consumption behavior scores (p < 0.001 and p = 0.041, respectively). However, there was no correlation between the nutrition knowledge scores and the eating behavior scores.Conclusions: Web-based nutrition education can improve knowledge scores but is not effective enough to encourage and motivate CKD patients to make eating behavior changes
Effect of Preliminary Infestation of Three Stored Grain Insect Pests Tribolium castaneum, (H) Sitophils oryzae (L.) and Trogoderma granarium (E), their Population Buildup, Loss of Germination and Consequently Wheat Loss during Storage
Get PDFPopulation buildup of Tribolium castaneum (H), Sitophils oryzae (L.) and Trogoderma granarium (E) at 6, 8 and 10 pairs per 500 gm wheat per specie of initial insect infestation and resultant loss of wheat was calculated under laboratory conditions during storage period of six (06) months. Average increase number ranged from 20 to 3900 insects. Loss of germination, kernel damage and weight loss were 2.49 to 50.0, 2.79 to 63.69 and 1.99 to 15.38 respectively during the study period. Sitophilus oryzae was found to cause higher weight loss, kernel damage and loss of germination as compared to Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium castaneum
PGPR Inoculated-Seed Increases the Productivity of Forage Sorghum under Fertilized Conditions
Get PDFPlant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used for seed inoculation. This study was carried out to determine the influence of seed inoculation with PGPR and different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels on the productivity and quality of fodder sorghum. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under factorial arrangement at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during, 2014. The experiment composed of N and P levels such as 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended doses ha-1 and seed inoculation with PGPR1 (Azotobacter brasilense+Pseudomonas fluorescens) and PGPR2 (Azotobacter chroococcum+Pseudomonas flurescens) with un-inoculated seeds as control. The results revealed that application of N and P, and seed inoculation appreciably increased the productivity and quality of sorghum. Maximum green fodder yield (63.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.51 t ha-1), crude protein (11.02%) and ash contents (8.97%) were recorded with recommended dose of NP. Regarding seed inoculation maximum green fodder yield (62.40 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.09 t ha-1), crude protein (10.59%) and ash contents (9.07%) were recorded with PGPR1. In conclusion, application of recommended dose of NP and seed inoculation with PGPR1 significantly improved the forage productivity and quality of sorghum