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Efficacy and Safety of Megafer® Injection versus Venofer® Injection in Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Get PDFAnemia is the most commonly found blood disorder worldwide in the pregnant women and most frequently it is brought on by nutritional deficiencies giving rise to the typical Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA). Intravenous administration of iron sucrose, provides a rapid mean to treat this condition by fulfilling the increased body demand of iron. Various alternate brands of iron sucrose injections are now available in the market place but a rationale is to be developed for a preferred product, based on its safety and efficacy. This retrospective comparative analysis is designed to compare two different brands, Megafer® injection and Venofer® injection, containing the same generic compound of Iron Sucrose, in Asian pregnant women with Iron Deficiency Anemia. The outcome measure for efficacy was targeted as the increase in levels of hemoglobin (Hb) after the drug administration, as per the approved protocol. The Hb levels were evaluated through hematological parameters while safety was analyzed by measuring the vital signs and any adverse event reported during the whole study period. Megafer® Injection was found to be as effective and safe as Venofer® Injection, for the short term treatment of IDA in pregnant women
Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Foeniculum vulgare Leaves Extract Ingredient of Ethiopian Local Liquor
Get PDFMedicinal plants are of great interest to the researcher in the field of biotechnology, as natural products, including medicinal plants, accounts 25% of prescribed drugs. Plants are sources for fragrances, drink colors and flavors in several countries including Ethiopia. All parts of Foeniculum vulgare were traditionally used as antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, galactagogues, stomach and kidney ailment. Foeniculum vulgare leaves extract was investigated for its phytochemicals as well as antimicrobial effects. The petroleum ether, CHCl3, CHCl3/CH3OH (1:1) and CH3OH crude extract were subjected to phytochemicals screening test which revealed that it is rich in any primary and secondary metabolites such as steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cholesterol, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, and proteins. The essential oil of the plant leaves was investigated by GC?MS and was found to have (64.92%) anethole, as a major constituent followed by (30.88%) estragole and (3.21%) fenchyl acetate. The crude extracts, oil, and the isolated compound were tested against four bacterial species (Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri; Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyrogenes) and two fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) using paper disc diffusion method. Tests of antimicrobial activity showed that all crude extracts and isolated pure compound were active against all the tested bacterial and fungal species. However, the hydrodistillation extract was found to have no antibacterial activity towards the tested bacterial species but active against the two fungal species and thus the present study supported the traditional claims of the plant
Antioxidant Activity and other Physicochemical Characteristics of Different Propolis Extracts
Get PDFThis study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of three different extracts of propolis (Ethanolic 50%, methanolic 100% and aqueous extracts) with some of their physicochemical aspects. Ethanolic extract was analyzed by LC-MS, while the methanolic extract was analyzed by GC-MS in order to screen polyphenols and volatile compounds in the sample, the identity of these components were achieved by means of comparing their mass spectra with previous published studies. Forrier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted on the methanolic extract and crude propolis samples to gain an overview of some physical characteristics. The antioxidant activities of the three extracts were measured by DPPH scavenging ability and FRAP assay. LC-MS and GC-MS allowed the identification of 19 phenolic and 17 volatile compounds. The most abundant phenolics found in our sample correspond with p-Coumaric benzyl ester, Pinobanksin-3-O-acetate, Caffeic acid benzyl ester and pinocembrin, as they showed the highest peaks in the total ion chromatogram (TIC). In addition, the most abundant volatile compounds showed a high level of agreement with δ-Cadinene and γ- Terpinen.Furthermore, Ethanol 50% extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity, which has a significant correlation with its high polyphenolic content
Impact of Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Apple Gourd
Get PDFAn investigation was carried out to examine the influence of some cooking methods on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of apple gourd during 2016-17. For this purpose, vegetable was procured, washed, peeled, sliced and distributed in five equal lots. Four of these lots were used for individual cooking treatments (i.e. T2=boiling, T3=steaming, T4=frying and T5=microwaving), however, last lot was treated as control (i.e. T1=raw/without treatment). After cooking, all samples were used for analysis. It was found that all organic acids (%) i.e. acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid remained significantly higher (
Using Art as Therapy with a Child with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - Comorbid Intellectual Disability: A Case Study
Get PDFObjective: The aim of the present study is to highlight the significance of Art as therapy for the reduction of symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder.Place of Study: Karachi, Pakistan.Research Design: Case study.Sample and Method: This paper is based on a case of a 6 year and 5 months old girl with Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder predominantly hyperactive-Impulsive type and Mild Intellectual disability diagnosed by Trained and qualified clinical psychologist At Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi. She was regular student of Special school, Karachi Pakistan. She was given 25 sessions of behavioral approach to art therapy. ADHD-T was administered (pre-post intervention) for measuring the intensity of symptoms Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder and improvement in the developmental and artistic level of the child.Conclusions: The results revealed the effectiveness of art therapy in reduction of the symptoms of Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder. The improvement is vivid in the graphic presentation of the art work. Limitations and implications were also discussed.Results: Results showed decrease in the intensity of the symptoms of Attention
Determination and Comparison of Aspartame Level in Low Calorie Table Top Sweeteners by Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy
Get PDFThe analysis of aspartame was done in table top sweeteners using Ultraviolet visible Spectroscopy. The method is based on the formation of manganate ion (MnO42-) when potassium permanganate oxidizes aspartame. The analysis was carried out at a fixed wavelength of 600nm exactly after 48 minutes of sample preparation using 1mL of 0.01M KMnO4 and 2mL of 1.0M NaOH. A linear calibration graph was obtained with the regression coefficient of 0.9999 and the percentage recovery was in the range of 92.7-101.6%. The Relative standard deviation for the method was found to be 1.03%
The Gauß Sum and its Applications to Number Theory
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to determine the monogenity of families of certain biquadratic fields K and cyclic bicubic fields L obtained by composition of the quadratic field of conductor 5 and the simplest cubic fields over the field Q of rational numbers applying cubic Gauß sums. The monogenic biquartic fields K are constructed without using the integral bases. It is found that all the bicubic fields L over the simplest cubic fields are non-monogenic except for the conductors 7 and 9. Each of the proof is obtained by the evaluation of the partial differents !"!# of the different !F/Q(") with F=K or L of a candidate number !, which will or would generate a power integral basis of the fields F.Here ! denotes a suitable Galois action of the abelian extensions F/Q and !F/Q(") is defined by !"G\{#}$(%&%!),where G and ! denote respectively the Galois group of F/Q and the identity embedding of F
Structural Changes to Immune Organs in Rats after Intermittent Fasting Following a High Carb and Fat Diet
Get PDFBackground:A diet high in carbs and fat puts people at risk of obesity. Obesity causes changes in the immune system and increases the risk of premature ageing, including in the lymphoid organs ― such as the thymus and spleen. Fasting is expected to improve the immune system. The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of intermittent fasting on images of the structure of the thymus, the number of fat cells, Hassall’s corpuscles of the thymus, the area and density of pulp white spleen, and the number of leukocytes in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a diet high in carbs and fat.
Methods:An experimental study with post-test only control group design, with 15 male rat subjects aged 2.5 months were divided into three groups: first group had a diet that was ad libitum (AL); second group were given a diet high in fats and carbohydrates for 1 month then were fed ad libitum (HCL); and third group were given a diet high in fat and carbohydrates for 1 month continued with alternating 12 hour fasting periods for 72 days (F). Results: Total Hassall’s corpuscles of AL, HCL, and F groups were 1.33 ± 077; 2.58 ± 1.35; and 0.69 ± 0.27, respectively(p = 0.008). Fat cells were not found in the thymus. The largest white pulp in the spleen was found in group F, followed by AL, while the smallest was found in group of HCL (p = 0.01). The most depleted white pulp density was the HCL group. There is no significant difference in the number of leukocytes and different leukocyte count between the groups (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Intermittent fasting for 72 days affects the number of Hassall’s corpuscles in the thymus and the width of white pulp in the spleen of Wistar rats
Identification of Dysbiosis Related Bacteria from New Zealand’s White Rabbit Intestinal Treated With Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 as Probiotics Food Supplementation
Get PDFThe gastrointestinal microoganisms encompass thousands of bacterial species that constitute a relatively stable ecosystem inside human body. Dysbiosis is an imbalance condition of beneficiary microbacteria cause by newer microorganism. This research aimed to investigate the effect of L. plantarum IS-10506 as probiotics supplementation on total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae count; and also to identify the dysbiosis causing bacteria. Total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae number on both control and test group were determined by Total Plate Count method. Identification of dysbiosis related bacteria were determined by fermentation test, gram staining, and Microbact™ 12A kit. The TPC result of total bacterial population on control group was 222.67 x 106 cfu/ml, while the probiotics induced group was 210.33 x 106 cfu/ml. As for the TPC result for Enterobacteriaceae population from control group was 12.00 x 106 cfu/ml, Enterobacteriaceae population in the probiotics induced group was 11.66 x 106 cfu/ml. Four genera related to dysbiosis has been isolated from the intestinal sample and all are rod-shaped Gram negative bacteria. In conclusion, the use of L. plantarum IS-10506 as food supplementation has reduced the total bacterial count. Four genera of dysbiosis related bacteria has been identified from the intestinal sample which include Eschericia, Serratia, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter
The Effect of Moringa-Based Supplementation on Fetal Birth Weight in Jeneponto Regency
Get PDFBackground: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality besides preterm birth. Proper interventions during pregnancy can prevent an adverse pregnancy outcome. This study aims to see the effect of Moringa leaf capsule on birth weight.Methods: This study was double blind randomized controlled trial (DB-RCT) which consisted of three groups namely, Moringa powder (PG), Moringa extract (EG), and iron-folate (IG) groups. The intervention was given for 12 weeks. The samples were 453 pregnant women in six sub-districts in Jeneponto Regency. Data on birth weight and placental weight were measured by trained midwives. The weight of the placenta was measured to determine the placental ratio to birth weight. In addition, some socio-economic variables such as age, gestational age, eating frequency, smoking, and Hb levels were measured in this study. Logistic and linear regression were conducted in this study.Result: The Moringa leaf supplementation groups (PG and EG) delivered child with better weight than iron supplementation (3240.03±453.82, 3161.91±527.70, 3100.89±412.15, respectively). The placenta to birth weight ratio (PBWR) showed that IG group became lowest, merely 16.19%. The most influenced factor to LBW is the unhappiness of the women with her pregnancy (OR = 26.3, 95% CI = 1.227 - 566.474, p = 0.037).Conclusion: Moringa powder supplementation can be used as an alternative in improving new born baby weight. Pregnant women need to be happy and avoid stress to prevent LBW