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A Review of Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms (Fabaceae)
Get PDFBolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms is a deciduous and ornamental tree with its different parts used traditionally to treat various diseases. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview and critical analysis of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of B. speciosus. The information presented in this study was gathered using various databases such as PubMed, Taylor and Francis imprints, Springer, NCBI, Google scholar and Science direct, and review of books, journal articles and other scientific publications kept in the university library. The articles published between 1933 and 2020 were used in this study. The bark, leaf and stem infusion of B. speciosus are mainly used for cleansing blood and as an emetic, and a traditional medicine for abdominal pains, kidney problems, sexually transmitted infections and stomach problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the leaves, root bark, root wood, seeds and stem bark of B. speciosus include alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins. The biological activities exhibited by B. speciosus and the phytochemical compounds isolated from the species include anti-arthritic, antibacterial, antigonococcal, antimycobacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Future research should focus on toxicological screening, in vivo studies and clinical trials involving the crude extracts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species
Review on Melanin from Marine Actinomycetes
Get PDFMarine microorganisms have become an important source of pharmacologically active metabolites. It is an important part of the natural products which includes secondary metabolites, antimicrobial, antitumor, anitoxidant and antiviral compounds. For the past few decades, marine organisms have been the focus of a worldwide effort for the discovery of novel natural products. Actinomycetes from the marine environment one of the novel bioactive producer. The brown-black pigment has been referred to as \u27melanin \u27 and as \u27 melanin like\u27 pigment. It has been shown to protect micro-organisms against U-V radiation, enzymatic lysis, oxidants and killing by alveolar macrophages. Melanin has an immense biotechnological application, but understanding the importance and novelty of melanin from marine actinomycete is very little. At this juncture, this review briefly describing the importance melanin from marine actinomycetes
Population Data of D6S1043, Penta D and Penta E Loci in Calabria (South of Italy)
Get PDFIn the present study 200 unrelated healthy natives of Calabria were genetically characterized for D6S1043, Penta D and Penta E STR markers. Allele frequencies distribution and some statistical parameters of forensic interest have been calculated and compared with other published populations data. Results showed Penta E was the most informative locus based on heterozygosity, PIC, PD and TPI, while D6S1043 was the less informative. Our findings confirmed these 3 loci are useful for forensic purposes and paternity tests especially if analyzed in association with other STRs
In Vitro Dissolution Interference Study in Presence of Paracetamol Tablets with Freshly Prepared Mango Juices on Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion
Get PDFThis study is performed beneath In Vitro dissolution applying various mathematical approaches to observe the dissolution interference on simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In total, eight medicine samples wereollected in Bangladeshi market and the conventional approaches were followed to measure the result in gastric medium (pH 1.2). Altogether, the brands showed sensibly upper dissolution discharge; primarily P01 (98.9%), P08 (98.97%), P03 (98.32%) and P06 (98.24%) were released relatively faster than the other sample in 15 to 60 minutes. Along with the mango juice in the simulated gastric medium, the brands showed sensibly upper dissolution discharge; primarily P01 (98.83%), P07 (98.98%), P06 (98.78%) and P03 (98.38%) were released relatively faster than the other sample in 15 to 60 minutes. This result depicts to understand the proper release of kinetics with the help of various mathematical model such as Zero order, First order, Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell model etc. although Paracetamol can interact with the fruit juices, which may alter the drug release, drug absorption in the body and may also lead to an unwanted reaction
Review of Chemical Properties and Ethnomedicinal uses of Acanthosicyos horridus Welw. ex Hook. f.: An Indigenous Melon Species of South-West Coast of Africa
Get PDFAcanthosicyos horridus Welw. ex Hook. f. is a perennial shrub collected from the wild for its edible fruits and is also used as a traditional medicine. This study is aimed at evaluating the chemical properties and ethnomedicinal uses of A. horridus. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. This study revealed that the fruit and root infusions and/or decoctions of A. horridus are used as traditional medicine for arteriosclerosis, chest pains, gastro-intestinal disorders, kidney problems, nausea and sexually transmitted infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include cucurbitacins, fatty acids and sterols. Some of the compounds identified from the species have applications in food industry and health promoting products
Community Development by Employing Photovoltaic Solar Sewing
Get PDFA person\u27s culture must be respected before embarking on mass roll-outs of a new innovation. The pedestal of culture rests on the following often non-negotiable legs: language, norms, values, beliefs, roles and social collectives. These are briefly explained before reporting on the experiences of various parties intending to roll out their innovation towards the social development of communities. Examples of failures are cited like smokeless stoves where the community was not consulted beforehand. Similar failures were reported with the solar cookers from Europe. Subsequent interviews revealed practical reasons for the non-acceptance by the local community. The approach of marrying culture and technology beforehand is thus emphasised. A classic example is to be found with the successful conceptualisation, development and commissioning of a patented 12v DC solar photovoltaic sewing machine. It was deployed in a remote, rural area of the North-Western Cape of South Africa. The world\u27s first solar sewing station, earning money for unemployed housewives was developed at Kliprand thanks to the financial support of USAID and the South African Foundation for Research Development (FRD). Before launching a development project one needs to ask: Why is my innovation viable? When is it viable? How viable is it now and in future? Where is it competitive? The Conclusion of this paper will therefore almost serve as a guideline for well-meaning developers for Africa and beyon
Decline Curve Analysis of Shale Oil Production Using a Constrained Monte Carlo Technique
Get PDFShale oil production from the Bakken shale and the Eagle Ford shale was analyzed using decline curve analysis and a constrained Monte Carlo technique. The purpose of the paper is to provide a set of parameters that can be used to initialize a Monte Carlo analysis of shale oil production using a selection of decline curves. The parametersare obtained by matching shale oil production for a set of wells in the Eagle Ford shale and the Bakken shale
The IPCC Made Three Fatal Errors in Assumptions about CO2
Get PDFIn 2013, and following from 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis (AR5) claiming the concentration of CO2, air temperature, and water vapor go up and down together; the air can hold more water vapor and the increased warming by water vapor adds to the warming by CO2. Pictorially: CO2↑, T↑, WV↑. Although no scientific evidence is offered, this concept has become widely accepted because of the fear that CO2 might increase the Earth’s temperature to dangerous levels. In developing research to evaluate the IPCC claims, it is noted that the temperature at the Equator is always higher than that in the Arctic and Antarctic. The Gas Law of Charles/Gay-Lussac states that at constant pressure the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature. Thus by applying this law, the CO2 concentration is always higher at the Poles than at the Equator. Thus, when moving from the Poles to the Equator, temperature goes up, CO2 goes down and water vapor goes up. Pictorially: T↑, WV↑, CO2↓. The warming effects of CO2 and water vapor do not add; they oppose each other. This is a robust conclusion based on hard numbers. It is opposite to the claim by the IPCC and proves there are errors in the assumptions
Qualitative and Quantitative Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Dicranopteris linearis Different Fractional Polarities Leaves Extract
Get PDFDicranopteris linearis occupies in an open ground that contains poor soils and often colonizing disturbed space that partly shaded area. It has been known for various traditional values including medicinal, edible food, soil erosion protection, pen and furniture. Even though the plants possess both economic and medicinal value, they still form the neglected group of a plant. The present study was carried out to characterize the phenolic compounds in D. linearis leaves extract in different fractional polarities qualitative and quantitatively. Dried leaves of D. linearis were successfully extracted by using water extraction before separated by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. All the fractional extracts have been analysed by using GCTOF-MS and HPLC. The result from GCTOF-MS analysis of fractional extracts showed 38 compounds found in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. However, only four phenolic compounds were identified through HPLC analysis in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts which were 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Vanillin, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-Hydroxybenzohydrazide. The results revealed that D. linearis contained 699.83 ± 6.26 μg GAE /g DW of total phenolic acid whereas individual phenolic acids were predominantly caffeic acid (0.44 ± 0.01 μg/g DW) and ferulic acid (0.22 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in ethyl acetate and caffeic acid (0.10 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) and 2-Coumaric acid (0.44 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in butanol extracts. In the present study, the plant extracts demonstrated the highest phenolic compound detected in ethyl acetate and butanol compared to petroleum ether extract
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Carotenoids and Chlorophyll Content in Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis) Leaves and its Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE)
Get PDFThis study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (control, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00 mM) on carotenoids and chlorophyll content and its retinol activity equivalents (RAE) value in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves. In this study, 12 seedlings of Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis were sprayed with different concentrations of SA. Carotenoid content was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and chlorophyll content was determined using chlorophyll meter. Retinol activity equivalents were calculated using RAE formulation. From the results obtained, two types of carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, were detected in HPLC. The highest lutein and β-carotene content present in Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis leaves extract was found in 0.10 mM SA treatment (93.50b ± 0.71 µg/g DW) for lutein and (282.00b ± 46.67 µg/g DW) for β-carotene, while the lowest lutein compound was found in 1.00 mM SA treatment (30.25a ± 1.77 µg/g DW) while the least β-carotenoid content was found in (1.00 mM SA) treatment (63.00a ± 0.71 µg/g DW). The same goes for retinol activity equivalents, the highest retinol activity equivalents was recorded in 0.10 mM SA treatment while lowest in 1.00 mM SA treatment. For chlorophyll content, the highest reading was showed in 0.10 mM SA treatment (73.50b ± 0.71 µg/g DW) while the lowest reading was in 1.00mM SA treatment (42.10a ± 1.41 µg/g DW). From this study, it can be concluded that salicylic acid at a certain concentration could increase or improve the carotenoid or chlorophyll content. Thus, it could be an alternative source of carotenoid and chlorophyll for the food and pharmaceutical industry in the future