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Review of Medicinal Applications, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Aristea ecklonii
Get PDFBackground: Aristea ecklonii is a perennial herb widely used as herbal medicine in southern Africa. Plants used as traditional medicines to treat various human diseases and illnesses play an important role in the primary healthcare of local communities in developing countries.Purpose: The current study critically reviewed the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of A. ecklonii.Methods: Literature on medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of A. ecklonii was collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, BMC, Science Direct, and Scopus. Additional information was also obtained from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports and journal articles obtained from the university library.Results: This study revealed that A. ecklonii is used as an ornamental plant, protective charm, and herbal medicine for internal sores, cough, fever, syphilis, shingles, and venereal diseases. Ethnopharmacological research identified quinones and sterols from leaves and rhizomes of A. ecklonii. The crude extracts of A. ecklonii and the compound plumbagin isolated from the species exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities.Conclusion: Aristea ecklonii should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties
Ethics in Ethnobotanical Research: Intersection of Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge Systems
Get PDFThis study examines the state of research ethics and professional conduct in ethnobotanical studies. In this study, “ethnobotany” is defined as the study of the knowledge, skills and daily uses of plants in a particular area that enable the people of the local community to get the most out of their environment. Ethnobotanical research impinges on local peoples’ lives, sources of livelihoods, their environment and cultures, and this raises many ethical issues in the process. This paper documented information on important ethical considerations when engaging in ethnobotanical research and discusses the importance of a written agreement with local people specifying the elements of research collaboration, the responsibilities of each party, potential benefits to be derived from the research project, intellectual property agreements and disposition of the research results
Maerua angolensis DC. (Capparaceae): A Review of its Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
Get PDFMaerua angolensis DC. is collected from the wild for its edible leaves and fruits, and is also used as a traditional medicine. This study is aimed at evaluating the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of M. angolensis. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. The articles published between 1960 and 2020 were used in this study. This study revealed that the aerial parts, bark, leaves, roots and stem bark infusion and/or decoction of M. angolensis are mainly used as a protective charm and ethnoveterinary medicine, and a traditional medicine for pain, cancer, fever, malaria, sores, wounds and gastro-intestinal problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, amino acids, anthraquinones, betaines, cardiac glycosides, cyanidin, esters, fatty acids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, phenols, saponins, sterols, steroids, tannins and triperpenoids. Ethnopharmacological research revealed that M. angolensis extracts have acaricidal, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiarrhoeal, anticonvulsant, anti-diabetic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anti-urolithiatic, antiprotozoal, molluscicidal and nematicidal activities. There is need for extensive toxicological evaluations of crude extracts and compounds isolated from the species since M. angolensis contains potentially toxic compound
Review of Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Antidesma laciniatum and A. membranaceum
Get PDFAntidesma laciniatum and A. membranaceum are small trees used as traditional medicines in tropical Africa. This extensive literature review synthesizes the information currently available on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. The university library and electronic search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were searched for pertinent information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. Traditionally, the species have been used as aphrodisiac, and traditional medicine for cough, kwashiorkor, mouth ulcers, pneumonia, prevent miscarriage, snakebites, stomachache and wounds. Various phytochemicals such as essential oils, isoflavonoid glycosides, phytosterols, benzopyranones, lignin glucosides, megastigmane, phenolics, steroids, squalene, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated from A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum. In vitro studies have confirmed the biological activities of A. laciniatum and A. membranaceum which, include antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, leishmanicidal, molluscicidal and cytotoxicity activities. More pharmacological studies including phytochemical, toxicological, in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to provide evidence for the clinical effectiveness of remedies prepared from the species
A Synthesis and Review of Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. (Menispermaceae)
Get PDFCissampelos mucronata A. Rich. is a perennial climber widely used as traditional medicine in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. mucronata. Documented information on medicinal uses, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. mucronata was collected from several online sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the University library. The articles published between 1962 and 2020 were used in this study. This study revealed that leaves, rhizome, roots and stems, and whole plant parts of C. mucronata are mainly used as traditional medicines for sexually transmitted infections, fever, swellings, headache, respiratory problems, snakebite, malaria, pregnancy problems and gastro-intestinal problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycerine, glycosides, phenolics, reducing sugars, resin, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenes. Pharmacological research revealed that C. mucronata extracts and alkaloids isolated from the species have antibacterial, anti-mycobacterial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, anti-ulcer, anti-androgenic, anti-steroidogenic, enzyme tyrosine kinase p56 inhibitory, hypoglycemic, larvicidal, molluscicidal, sedative, tocolytic, uterine relaxant and cytotoxicity activities. There is need for extensive toxicological evaluations of crude extracts and compounds isolated from the species since C. mucronata contains potentially toxic compound
Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Brit. & Rose: Botanical Features, Distribution, Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties
Get PDFAcaciella angustissima (Mill.) Brit. & Rose is a multipurpose deciduous thornless shrub or small tree that belongs to the family Fabaceae and subfamily Mimosoideae. This study aimed to explore A. angustissima, a leguminous shrub with medicinal, ecological and industrial potential. A mixed-method approach, which included consolidating quantitative and qualitative research, was utilized to put together the review with the main focus being on sub-Saharan Africa. However, case studies and literature from South Africa were also utilized. A. angustissima is a good source of phenolic compounds. It is used to relieve painful toothache, rheumatism, skin lesions, bloody diarrhea and mucoid diarrhea. It also displays a mild antimicrobial effect and has the ability to inhibit growth in malignant tumors. The study acknowledged Acaciella angustissima as an important agroforestry tree species that improve the quality of life of resource-poor farmers, reducing poverty and promoting sustainability of the natural resources base and economic growt
Functional Groups and Individual Phenolic Compounds in Different Fractional Polarities Extracts of Rhizophora apiculata
Get PDFThe mangrove forest is often regarded as an unpleasant environment with less intrinsic values. Rhizophora apiculata has an important value as it provides several benefits to people, for example, it is a traditional medicinal plant that is also used in construction, as a source of food, dye and so forth. This study aims to identify types of functional groups and individual phenolic compounds from R. apiculata. An analytical method for R. apiculata was developed with different fractional extracts from water extraction. The result from the FT-IR analysis presented all fractional extract detected with different types of functional groups. The results revealed that four types of individual phenolic acids, which are Caffeic acid, Vanillic acid, trans-p-Coumaric acid and Ferulic acid, were detected in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. However, none of the phenolic acids was detected in petroleum ether extract. All the phenolic acids detected in the study have not been exploited to their full potential. More research on optimizing the isolation and purification of these pigments as well as their usage in food systems is needed to enable their use in food applications or textile industries
Detecting Biogenic Amines in Food and Drug Plants with HPLC: Medical and Nutritional Implications
Get PDFBackground: This work reports the results of the initial stage of the project aimed at detecting neuroactive substances in tropical plants that are widely used as food and/or drugs.Methods: The content of neuroactive biogenic amines, e.g, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), serotonin (5-HT), and others was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with amperometric detection in leaf samples from Plumeria rubra L. cv. acutifolia, Syzigium jambos (L.) Alston, Buxus megistophylla (or Euonymus japonicas cv. aureoma), and Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.Results: The total fraction of disintegrated leaves contained (sub)micromolar concentrations of DA, NE, and 5-HT. They lacked E and the catecholamine precursor 2,3-dihydrophenylalanine (DOPA).Conclusions: From the data obtained, it is evident that heretofore unexplored tropical plants used in drug preparations (P. rubra and S. jambos) and as desserts (S. jambos) and spices (C. bodinieri) contain physiologically active concentrations of neurochemicals. The neurochemicals are expected to produce a significant effect on the people who consume preparations and food additives made from the aforementioned plants. Moreover, such plant preparations can potentially be used as psychoactive drugs for the purpose of intentionally manipulating human behavior
Centrapalus pauciflorus: Review of its Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties
Get PDFCentrapalus pauciflorus is a herbaceous plant that is used as a traditional medicine and a source of epoxidised oil. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of C. pauciflorus. Documented information on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of C. pauciflorus was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, these, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. This study showed that the leaves and epoxidised oil of C. pauciflorus are used as traditional medicines for external injury, wounds, diabetes, chest pains, eye infections, stomach problems and skin infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include coumarins, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids, sterols, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyuronoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Pharmacological research revealed that C. pauciflorus extracts and compounds isolated from the species have analgesic, anti-dermatitis, antimicrobial, antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, insecticide, larvicidal and sedative activities. Centrapalus pauciflorus should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities
Relationship between Pre-Eclampsia, Renal Impairment and Hepatic Insufficiency among Pregnant Women in Al-Jouf Area
Get PDFBackground: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome. It affects 3-5% of pregnant women and is characterized by oedema, high blood pressure, and proteinuria. Moreover, in women with pre-eclampsia dysfunction of many organs, such as kidney and liver, is diagnosed, while in the case of foetus growth restriction is observed. Pre-eclampsia, when left untreated, can lead to a high mortality rate. In low-income countries, this disorder is one of the main causes of maternal and child mortality. Pre-eclampsia predisposes women in later life to cardiovascular diseases. So far, in acute cases of pre-eclampsia stabilization of the mother and fotus, and finally, termination of pregnancy at a time optimal for both sides can only be considered.Methods: The present work is designed to investigate the relationship between pre-eclampsia, renal and hepatic insufficiency in the Al-Jouf area through collecting information from the electronic database of maternity hospital for 100 pregnant women who suffered from pre-eclampsia compared with normal pregnancies.Results: The prevalence of pre-eclampsia is more prone in eldest women (older than 35 years old) almost 45% than younger women (20-25 years old), PC to MPV ratio value showed a significant suppression in pre-eclamptic pregnancies in comparison with normal pregnant women while HbA1c % value indicated a significant increase in the pre-eclamptic cases than the healthy pregnant women. Renal indices, serum creatinine, urea, and albumin were significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic women than in women with normal pregnancies.Conclusion: There is a tight relationship between hypertensive disorders during pregnancies, chronic renal disorders and hepatic insufficiency