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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescent Girls in the City of Saravan
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of micronutrient deficiency in the world. Numerous reports indicated that adolescence is a period which has an increased risk of development of IDA. Given the importance of IDA and lack of studies in Saravan, a city of Iran, this study was performed to assess the prevalence of IDA among adolescent girls.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 460 high-school girls were randomly selected. Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Knowledge, attitude and practice of participants with regard to iron deficiency anemia was measured at the beginning of the interview. Accordingly, five cc of blood sample was drawn from each student to determine the prevalence of anemia, which was defined by a hemoglobin level lower than 12 mg / dL. The level of ferritin was analyzed to confirm the IDA for students diagnosed with anemia. Ferritin level lower than 12 ?g / dl was considered as IDA. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22.Results: Prevalence of anemia and IDA was 24% (n = 111) and 12.6% (n = 58), respectively. Results showed that 37 % of students had good knowledge, 45. 5 % good attitude, and 6.7 % had good practice. Also, there was no significant association between IDA and socio-economic status including parental education, job, and household income (P>0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of IDA was moderate in Saravan city. Given the importance of IDA and its complications, further studies are needed, especially in high risk populations for IDA such as children
Evaluation of Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms
Get PDFAdenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms is a climber or liane widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. Adenia gummifera occurs naturally in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera. Documented information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of A. gummifera was collected from several online sources, which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Additional information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications sourced from the university library. This study showed that the species is widely used as an emetic and a protective charm, and, as traditional medicine for infertility, sexually transmitted infections, gastro-intestinal infections, leprosy, respiratory infections, malaria and menstrual problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include polyacetylenic diepoxide, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonol, modeccin, proanthocyanidins, tetraphyllin, phenolics, polyphenol and tannins. Pharmacological research revealed that A. gummifera extracts and compounds isolated from the species have antibacterial, antifungal, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI), anaesthetic, antioxidant, antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities. Future research on A. gummifera should focus on detailed phytochemical evaluations including toxicological, in vivo and clinical studies to corroborate the traditional medical applications of the species
Review of Pharmacological Properties, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Uses of Baccharoides adoensis
Get PDFBaccharoides adoensis is a shrub widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. adoensis. Documented information on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. adoensis was collected from several online sources which included Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. Additional information on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. adoensis was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, and scientific publications sourced from the university library. The articles published between 1962 and 2020 were used in this study. This study showed that the roots, flowers, stems, and leaves of B adoensis are widely used as ethnoveterinary medicine and traditional medicines for backbone pain, reproductive problems, kidney diseases, fever and febrile complaints, wounds, ulcers, sexually transmitted infections, skin complaints, malaria, gastro-intestinal problems and respiratory problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, carbohydrates, chondrillasterol, flavonoids, free sugars, glaucolides, glycosides, phenols, proanthocyanidin, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Pharmacological research revealed that B. adoensis extracts and compounds isolated from the species have antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, anti-pyretic, antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, anti-ulcer and gastroprotective, immunomodulating, inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion, larvicidal, cytotoxicity and toxicity activities. Baccharoides adoensis should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities
Biochemical Composition and Biological Activities Assessment of Periploca laevigata and Thymus algeriensis Leaves Extracts
Get PDFThe plant traditional medical application indicates great antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The present study investigated the Biochemical and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Periploca laevigata and Thymus algeriensis leaves extracts. The biochemical (total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins) and biological activity (antioxidant potentials, and antimicrobial activities) of leaf extractsof Periploca laevigata and Thymus algeriensis were assessed. The results showed that the leaves of the Thymus algeriensis extract has the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins 120 ± 2.02 mg GAE/g DR, 46 ± 2.5 mg RE/g DR, and 22± 2mg CE/g DR, respectively. The GC-MS analyses showed that the plants haveinteresting volatile compounds. Therefore, leaves of Thymus algeriensis extract possess high anti-oxidant activities (total antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power scavenging activities). In addition, this extract exhibited high antifungal and antimicrobial activities, especially toward Gram-positive bacteria. This results highlights ‘importance as dietary sources for natural antioxidants and antimicrobial can be used in traditional medicine and the pharmaceutical industry
Extraction, and Characterization of Carotenoids from 11 Allelopathic Plant Species as Potential Halal Food Colorants and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Get PDFCarotenoids are a class of natural product compound that are currently being used as colouring agents and widely used in food industry. Carotenoids are bioactive pigments obtained mainly from plants through dietary intake. They possess good features in terms of dietary supplement, food colourant, and polymer stabiliser. The presence of 4 main carotenoids, which are β-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, and violaxanthin, were determined in 4 classes of allelopathic plant groups namely trees, ferns, grasses and herbaceous plants. This research aims to explore the carotenoid’s content and composition in 11 allelopathic species by HPLC analysis. A. auriculiformis (tree) was found to have the highest total carotenoid concentration (146.36 µg/g DW) that was substantially higher than all other species tested whereas the lowest total carotenoid concentration was found in S. palustris (fern) (3.76 µg/g DW). Lutein and β-carotene were detected highest in A. auriculiformis (tree), with 1024 ± 25.5 µg/g DW and 37.55 ± 3.16 µg/g DW, respectively. Violaxanthin and zeaxanthin were found substantially highest in M. cajuputi (tree) (5.02 ± 0.5 µg/g DW) and S. palustris (fern) (5.88 ± 0.19µg/g DW), respectively
Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Two Teucrium Species from Syria
Get PDFGermander (Teucrium, Lamiaceae) is a genus commonly used as a medicinal herb in the middle east. The aim of this study was to estimate total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of different extracts from two Syrian Teucrium species (Teucrium polium and Teucrium creticum). Total polyphenols content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by DPPH assay (free radical scavenging activity against 1, 1 –diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of T. creticum extracts were higher than T. polium ones. Phenols contents ranged from 16.388 to 105.672 mg GA E/ g dry weight extract. The extracts showed significant scavenging activity against DPPH, with IC50 values ranging between 0.195 and 0.710 mg/ml. The methanolic extracts show higher antioxidant activity from the two species. A good correlation between DPPH scavenging activities and contents of polyphenols was found. These results show that Syrian Teucrium species, especially T. creticum least Known among all, is a rich source of phenols and natural antioxidant compounds, that can be used as a natural food preservative
A Review of Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Markhamia tomentosa
Get PDFMarkhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. ex Engl. is a shrub or small tree widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in west Africa. This study was aimed at providing a critical review of medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of M. tomentosa. Documented information on medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of M. tomentosa was collected from several online sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the University library. This study revealed that the bark, leaf, root and stem bark decoction and/or infusion of M. tomentosa are mainly used as traditional medicine for elephantiasis, infertility, skin infections, rheumatism, eye problems, pain, diabetes and fever. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, sterols, tannins and triterpenoids. Markhamia tomentosa crude extracts and compounds isolated from the species exhibited analgesic, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory, anti-amnesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antifeedant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, antiulcer, larvicidal, leishmanicidal and cytotoxicity activities. Markhamia tomentosa should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities
Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications in the Secondary Prevention of Biomarkers of Plaque recurrence in Omani Coronary Revascularized Patients
Get PDFObjective: To assess the role of various dietary and lifestyle modifications in the secondary prevention of biomarkers of plaque recurrence in Omani coronary revascularized patients.Methods: Seventy-two patients, from the outpatient cardiology clinic of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent. In a questionnaire-based study, we collected data about four lifestyle modifications; physical activity, weight reduction, dietary intake and healthy eating patterns and smoking or non-smoking status, in personal interviews. A modified previously validated study questionnaire, which comprised of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, was used to assess the demographic information, eating patterns, diet quality index score, and daily dietary intake of study participants. The data about patient’s baseline characteristics, revascularization information and biochemical laboratory tests was harvested from the SQUH’s electronic record system. The statistical analysis of data was made using R-studio v.7 and Microsoft excel v.7.Results: The males had higher educational level as compared to females and were more active than females. The data indicated that 16% males and females were diabetic, 10% males and 21% females were hypertensive, and 30% males and 42% females had both diabetes and hypertension. Forty eight percent males and 63% females had body mass index (BMI) >30. However, no significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the BMI, diabetes and hypertension status in males and females. Both genders had poor nutritional knowledge. Although the LDL-C and HDL-C values in males and females differed, they were within the normal therapeutic limits. The HbA1c and C-reactive protein values were above the normal ranges with no significant (P < 0.05) difference in both males and females. The average daily energy intake in males (2694 kcalories) was significantly higher compared to females (1603 kcalories). The proportionate contribution of energy from macronutrients was within the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. Omani diet score for males (75.5) and females (74.6) didn’t differ significantly (P < 0.05), indicating their adherence to healthy dietary patterns.Conclusions: The results suggest that dietary and lifestyle modifications play significant role in the secondary prevention of biomarkers of plaque recurrence in Omani coronary revascularized patients. Behavioral counseling to promote healthy modifications in dietary and lifestyle factors are therefore recommended in the secondary prevention of risk of plaque recurrence
Assessment of the Pharmacological Activities of Ardisia solanacea Roxb: An Ethnomedicinal Plant used in Bangladesh
Get PDFObjective: This study aims to uncover the anti-diarrheal, antioxidant, thrombolytic, and anthelmintic activities of methanol extract of A. solanacea (ASME) and its soluble n-hexane fraction in methanol (ASNH).Materials and Methods: The phytochemical assessment of this plant was performed by using the standard method. The anti-diarrheal property was screened by castor oil induced diarrhea in Swiss albino mice and plant extract was administered into mice by oral gavage. The antioxidant property was being investigated by two different in vitro methods such as ferric reducing effect assay and superoxide scavenging activity assay. The thrombolytic activity was evaluated by in vitro clot lysis procedure, and the anthelmintic study was carried out on earthworm Pheretima posthuma.Results: In castor-oil induced diarrhea, ASME and ASNH induced a significant decrease (**
GCTOF-MS and HPLC Identification of Phenolic Compounds with Different Fractional Extracts of Lepironia articulata
Get PDFCyperaceae species have an intrinsic value as a source of active elements with biological activity from the family of monocotyledonous known as sedges. Sedges grow in all types of soils associated with wetlands or poor soils. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds by qualitative and quantitive analysis on Lepironia articulata. Dried leaves of L. articulata were successfully extracted by using water extraction then separated with different solvent polarities; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions before being analysed using GCTOF-MS, microplate reader and HPLC. The result from the GCTOF-MS analysis of fractional extracts showed that 48 compounds were found in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. From those extracts, only six phenolic compounds were identified in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts which were 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Catechol, Phenol, 2-methoxy- and Vanillin. The total phenolic content was found to be 984.63 ± 5.96 μg GAE/g DW in L. articulata. Quantitative analysis of individual phenolic acid by HPLC showed the predominant amount of Vanillic acid (0.48 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in ethyl acetate while 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and Caffeic acid, both of which were 0.12 ± 0.00 μg/g DW in butanol extracts. In the present study, the plant extracts demonstrated the highest phenolic compound detected in ethyl acetate and butanol