JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND ALLIED RESEARCH
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INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION AND GOVERNMENT POLICY INCENTIVES ON SMALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN BORDER COMMUNITIES OF ADAMAWA STATE AND CAMEROON
Full text linkThis study sought to examine how entrepreneurial innovations and government policy incentives influences small business performance in border communities of Nigeria and Cameroon. Emphasis is placed on Adamawa State border with Cameroon. Past studies have demonstrated that Mubi, Sahuda, Kwaja and Belel borders of Adamawa State with northern Cameroon are prominent gate ways for the flow of livestock, cowpea, sesame, grains and manufactured goods to all parts of Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad. However, businesses operating along the corridors remained largely small and have been experiencing certain challenges including border closure, infrastructure, entrepreneurial innovations and limited government policy incentives, among others. It is therefore imperative to examine factors that conditioned the businesses in border communities to remain informal and small. A Survey design was used for the study. The study used stratified probability sampling method to draw 428 samples from 1840 owner/managers of small businesses in border communities of Adamawa State and Cameroon. The result of PLS-SEM shows that limited government policy Incentives (with P- Values of 0.000) and entrepreneurial Innovation (with P- Values of 0.020) have significant Positive relationship with border small business Performance in border communities of Adamawa State and Cameroon. The study recommends government policy intervention to support small businesses through provision of infrastructures (such as roads and electric power supply) and capacity building training on small business among small business operators by regional agencies of the Nigeria and Cameroon (such as SMEDAN and world bank)
MORTGAGE FINANCE, MACROECONOMIC FACTORS AND HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Full text linkDespite the critical role of housing as a component of economic growth and social stability, literatures has shown that housing development in Nigeria can be constrained by lack of long term financing, as well as macroeconomic factors. This study examines the intricate relationships between mortgage finance, housing development and the interactive effect of macroeconomic factors in Nigeria. This research employs data on housing delivery, mortgage finance and macroeconomic factors, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) annual audited report between 2005 to 2022. The research adopt an expos factor and experimental descriptive design. Pre-estimation test such as unit root test and Bound test were employed to test for stationarity and cointegration. Empirical analysis was conducted using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Findings from this study revealed that mortgage loan interaction variable have a very weak positive effect on housing delivery in the long run, with a coefficient of 0.005230 (p-value; 0.0005), mortgage equity’s negative effect was also reduced in the long run, with a coefficient of -0.001611 (p-value; 0.0268). Mortgage interest rate was also found to have a reduced negative effect on housing delivery in the long run, with a coefficient of -0.005316 (p value; 0.0003). The research concludes that macroeconomic factors’ interaction with mortgage finance negatively affects changes in housing delivery. Consequently, the research recommends that policymakers implement holistic measures to stabilize the economy, while incentivizing mortgage lending to guarantees access to adequate and affordable housing for Nigeria’s growing populatio
RENEWABLE ENERGY ADOPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Full text linkThis study investigates the short-run and long-run impacts of renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy equity, and economic growth on environmental pollution (measured by CO₂ emissions) in Nigeria using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. The analysis utilizes annual time series data to examine the dynamic relationships among the variables, with particular emphasis on policy-relevant insights for sustainable development. The results reveal that both renewable energy and energy efficiency significantly reduce environmental pollution in the short and long run, underscoring their crucial role in mitigating climate change. Economic growth also contributes to emission reduction, providing empirical support for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the Nigerian context. Conversely, energy equity is positively associated with emissions, indicating that wider energy access without a transition to cleaner energy sources may exacerbate environmental degradation. The study recommends scaling up investment in renewable energy, enforcing energy efficiency standards, ensuring equitable access to clean energy, and adopting green growth policies. These findings offer valuable guidance for policymakers in designing integrated energy and environmental strategies aligned with Nigeria’s sustainable development goals
CAPACITY BUILDING AND THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Full text linkThe study is focused on investigating the Impact of Capacity Building on the Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Specifically, it examines the effects of financial inclusion strategies, etworking skills, on the performance of women entrepreneurs in the FCT. Methodologically, the study adopts a causal survey research design, targeting all women entrepreneurs actively conducting businesses within the six area councils (Abaji, Abuja Municipal Area Council [AMAC], Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kuje, and Kwali) of the Federal Capital Territory, igeria. The Cochran sample size formula was initially utilized, resulting in a sample size of 384. Primary data was collected through a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire. Out of 428 questionnaires distributed, 395 were completed and deemed suitable for analysis. Data analysis involved the use of simple percentages, frequency distribution tables, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study found a positive and statistically significant effect of financial inclusion strategies, etworking skills, managerial abilities, entrepreneurial knowledge, on the performance of women entrepreneurs in the FCT. Among the recommendations, it is suggested that stakeholders, including government and educational institutions, provide entrepreneurial knowledge, particularly in marketing, management, and risk-takin
ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY FOOD SERVICE INDUSTRIES IN NSUKKA URBAN
Full text linkThis study assessed the financial management strategies adopted by food service industries and the challenges they face in Nsukka Urban, Enugu State, Nigeria. A descriptive-comparative research design was employed to answer three research questions based on data collected from a sample of 250 food service industry staff. Two null hypotheses were tested at p < 0.05 level of significance. A structured questionnaire, validated by three experts with a reliability index of 0.79, was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data on the research questions while ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that the key financial management strategies adopted by the food service industry included cost management, revenue enhancement, budgeting and risk management. However, investment strategies like technology adoption and securing loans were not prioritised. Major challenges they faced were rising costs of raw materials, lack of access to loan facilities, lack of skilled labour, improper money management and fluctuating prices. The solutions to these challenges included improving energy efficiency, use of technology, monitoring cash flows and employee training among other things. The study concludes that the adoption of specific financial management strategy is dependent on the type of food service industry and their profit margins are influenced by the challenges they faced. Recommendations include prioritising energy-efficient practices, leveraging technology for invoicing, and fostering employee development. Policymakers should also facilitate access to loans and training programs to enhance sector resilience. These insights offer practical value to business owners, researchers, and stakeholders in optimising financial sustainability within Nigeria’s food service industry
ECONOMIC FRAGMENTATION AND STRATEGIC RIVALRIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND PROSPERITY IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThis paper investigates the intensifying phenomenon of economic fragmentation and its intricate linkage with strategic rivalries in the evolving global order, with particular emphasis on Nigeria's position and vulnerabilities. Against the backdrop of increasing geopolitical tensions, most notably the rivalry between major powers such as the United States and China. The research analyzes how emerging patterns of trade protectionism, technological decoupling, and the reconfiguration of global supply chains are reshaping the international economic landscape. These transformations are not only altering traditional economic alliances but are also heightening the risks faced by developing countries, particularly in terms of national security and sustainable economic development. By utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative insights with quantitative data analysis, including the use of statistical tools, charts, and tables, the study offers a multidimensional understanding of the implications of global economic fragmentation. Key areas explored include trade disruptions, access to critical technologies, and the increasing reliance on regional economic blocs. The paper also interrogates the implications of these shifts for Nigeria’s strategic economic engagements within regional frameworks such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The findings reveal that Nigeria is increasingly exposed to the cascading effects of global strategic rivalries, which manifest in reduced trade flexibility, technological dependencies, and heightened supply chain vulnerabilities. These developments pose substantial challenges to Nigeria’s national security architecture and long-term economic resilience. The paper concludes by recommending strategic policy realignments and regional cooperation mechanisms to mitigate the adverse effects of global economic fragmentation on Nigeria’s developmental trajector
DETERMINANTS OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE IN SOUTHERN SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study examines the determinants of micro, small and medium enterprises performance in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. The study adopted the survey research design. The sample size of the study was 400 micro, small and medium enterprises in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. The instrument of data collection was the questionnaire and the data collected was analyzed using the logistic regression technique. From the Logit regression result, it was observed that financial factors have a negative and insignificant impact on the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. It was observed also that human capital factors have a positive and significant impact on the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. Social and cultural factors have a positive and significant impact on the performance of micro, small and medium enterprises in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. Based on the findings, the study recommended that funds should be made easily accessible to MSMEs by microfinance banks so as to explore untapped business investment potentials of MSMEs to the utmost benefit of the generality of the economy. However, government should prioritize enabling business environment like good infrastructures such as good road network, stable power supply, etc in the country so as to enhance MSMEs performance. Finally, Micro small and medium enterprises should be encouraged to embrace the new digital infrastructures such as e- commerce so as to enhance their optimal performance
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD OUT-OF-POCKET HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study investigated the impact of household out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on health outcomes in Nigeria using time series data from 1990 to 2023 sourced from the World Bank. Health outcomes were measured by maternal mortality rate (MMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and life expectancy (LEX). Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Technique, the results showed that higher OOPE significantly increases MMR in both the short and long run, reduces IMR only in the short run, and lowers LEX in the long run. These findings indicated that reliance on OOPE undermines maternal and long-term population health while providing only temporary benefits for infant survival. Guided by Grossman’s health demand theory, the study concluded that Nigeria’s OOPE-dominated health financing is inequitable and unsustainable. It recommended expanding the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) to cover the informal sector, increasing public health spending to meet the Abuja Declaration target, prioritizing primary healthcare and skilled birth services, investing in education, water, and sanitation, adopting progressive health financing, expanding rural health infrastructure, and establishing emergency health funds to protect households from catastrophic costs
NEXUS BETWEEN MONETARY POLICY AND ORANGE ECONOMY IN NIGERIA: A CATALYST FOR CREATIVE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkThis paper investigates the relationship between monetary policy and Nigeria's orange economy, highlighting its potential as a catalyst for creative sector development from 1985 to 2023. Monetary policy indicators, including the monetary policy rate, money supply, and cash reserve ratio, were employed as proxies for monetary policy, while the art, entertainment, and recreation industry served as a representation of the orange economy. Data were sourced primarily from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study applied the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test to ensure stationarity, the Johansen cointegration test to examine long-run relationships, and the Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) model for short-run dynamics. Empirical findings revealed that all variables were stationary at first difference. The Johansen co-integration test indicated no long-term association among the variables. However, the VAR analysis demonstrated that broad money supply had a positive and significant impact on the art, entertainment, and recreation industry, while the monetary policy rate and cash reserve ratio showed a positive but insignificant relationship with the sector. The study concludes that monetary policy significantly influences Nigeria’s orange economy. It recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) establish a creative industry financing framework under the Creative Industry Financing Initiative. This framework should feature lower interest rates and longer repayment terms to support stakeholders in the art, entertainment, and recreation sectors, fostering sustainable growth and development
ASSESSING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN NIGERIA
Full text linkNigeria's Climate change poses significant socio-economic challenges, including decreased crop yields, disruptions to livestock and fisheries, food security issues, biodiversity loss, damage to infrastructure, and increased public health risks. These issues disproportionately affect vulnerable communities, exacerbating social inequalities. The study suggests that the green economy can generate economic growth and job creation through sustainable practices, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable transportation, agriculture, waste management, and green building. Investment opportunities in climate resilience include infrastructure resilience, agricultural adaptation, water resource management, renewable energy, natural resource management, and disaster risk reduction. Policy recommendations include robust climate governance, renewable energy promotion, agricultural resilience enhancement, sustainable urban development, green finance, public awareness, and social equity