JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND ALLIED RESEARCH
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PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND LIFE EXPECTANCY IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study examined the impact of public health expenditure on life expectancy in Nigeria. Data was sourced from CBN and World Bank Development Index for the period of 1985-2022. The study used Descriptive Statistics, ARDL model and Granger causality test for data analysis. The study found a long-run relationship between public health expenditure and life expectancy in Nigeria. The findings also revealed that there is non-causal relationship between public health expenditure and life expectancy in Nigeria. The study recommends that Nigerian government should intensify efforts in ensuring the increase of public health expenditure based on the 2001 Abuja declaration standard of 15% of the annual national budget in other to enhance health conditions of her citizens, ensure efficient allocation of resources to targeted public health sector, focusing on preventive measures, disease control, and health education. Key words: Life expectancy, under-five mortality, public health expenditur
IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA: A DYNAMIC OLS APPROACH
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between population growth and unemployment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2022, drawing on the Demographic Transition Theory, Structural Unemployment Theory, and Endogenous Growth Theory as a theoretical framework. Employing a quantitative approach with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) regression, the research analyzes time series data to explore the impact of population growth on unemployment. The results suggest that, within the specified period, reduction in population growth alone does not significantly affect the unemployment rate in Nigeria, emphasizing the intricate nature of labor market dynamics beyond demographic factors. The theoretical framework highlights the importance of addressing structural unemployment through targeted skill development, comprehensive education reforms, and investments in technology and innovation. Additionally, the study underscores the need for integrated demographic and labor market policies, emphasizing monitoring and evaluation for evidence-based policy adjustments. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the Nigerian labor market, guiding policymakers toward multifaceted strategies for sustainable development and inclusive growth
THE CHALLENGE OF INSECURITY ON FOOD SECURITY IN DUTSIN-MA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA: SIGNAL OF AN IMPEDING CRISIS
Get PDFThis paper investigated the challenge of insecurity on food security in Dutsin-Ma local government area, Katsina State. The method of data collection was the use of Survey. Questionnaires was administered for a sample of 240 respondents across the four wards in the study area, which include Dutsin-Ma A, Dutsin-Ma B, Shema and Dabawa The analytical technique used was descriptive statistics and chi-square test, using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The theoretical framework is the human security theory. The findings revealed that 99.1% of insecurity challenge made up of kidnapping. Also killing and attack on farm crops constitute 91.1% and 79.1% of insecurity respectively. The findings established that 99.1% of the respondents indicated there is shortage of food in the study area. The result shows that majority (76.8%) opined that insecurity led to high price of food items in the study area, 74.4% opined that insecurity reduced food crop production in the study area. Hence leading to food shortage in the study area and so faced the challenge of accessing sufficient and nutritious food in the study area. The test of hypothesis revealed that that insecurity has negative effects on food security in Dutsin-Ma local government area of Katsina State Nigeria. Based on the findings, There is need for synergy between the community, security agents, and the Katsina State Government to improve the security architecture. This can be done by engaging the people in the local communities in both the urban and rural settlements. Therefore the community leaders should be engaged and a policy system for reward should be introduced at every level in the community
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL NON-FARMERS AND THEIR NET INCOME IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study examines the socioeconomic characteristics of non-farmers in rural communities of Enugu state, Nigeria, in light of the ongoing shift from farm to non-farm activities. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, oral interviews, and key informant information. Descriptive analysis, mean, percentage, maps, and Ordinary Least Square Regression were used for analysis. The findings indicate that males are more involved in non- farm activities compared to females, and self-employment is more prevalent among households than wage employment. Trading emerged as the most common activity to augment household income. The regression analysis reveals that the age of farmers, educational attainment, and the presence of rural development agencies positively influence the income of non-farmers in rural communities. Conversely, the study uncovers a negative relationship between the cost of basic rural infrastructure (such as hospitals and electricity) and non-farmers' income in the area. To enhance the income of non-farmers in rural communities, local councils should educate them on sustainable non-farming practices and provide critical rural infrastructure, such as hospitals and electricity, at affordable rates. -These measures not only have the potential to increase earnings but also make rural communities more attractive to non-farmers and young individuals, thereby stabilizing rural populations. This study emphasizes the need for deliberate policies to promote non-farm activities as a means of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7, specifically focusing on the sustainability of rural communities in Enugu state, Nigeria, as non-farm activities complement agricultural income
INCLUSION AND WOMEN REPRESENTATION IN SOCIO-POLITICAL ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIA: MAKING A CASE FOR WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES
Get PDFAccording to recent research by the Centre for Citizen with Disabilities in Nigeria titled "Our Nigeria, Our Disability Report," there are approximately 31 million people with disabilities in Nigeria, with women making up the bulk of this population. This paper intends to explore the challenges women including Women with Disabilities (WWD) face in Nigeria as it relates to representation in socio-political activities in the Country. Women have clamored for increased representation and 35% affirmative action in political, and social inclusiveness in the activities of the country but have encountered some obstacles. It is noteworthy that this study, used secondary data collection were data were extracted from relevant literatures and the rightsbased theory/ ideology was adopted as the best theory for the study. It examined the struggles faced by a small number of women with disabilities from 1999 to the present. Findings revealed that high levels of discrimination, inaccessibility, poor priority, and poor level of nomination form discount for women as the major challenges faced by women in Nigeria. These findings are noteworthy given the signing of the National Disability Law in January 2019 and the challenges faced by women in participating and seeking equity and equality in Nigeria. This study suggests that party systems properly open doors for women with disabilities to participate in sociopolitical activities and that legislative frameworks and policies attempting to include them should be thoroughly mainstreamed. Lastly It advocates for the National Assembly through its oversight function, should make tailored policies, awareness campaigns, and financial support mechanisms to empower and include women with disabilities in the sociopolitical landscape, advancing both gender equality and disability rights in Niger
THE LONG RUN RELATIONSHIP OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUGARCANE PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a reduction in the output of sugarcane per hectare in Nigeria from 19.2 tons per hectare in 2009 to 16.3 tons per hectare in 2016 due to rising temperature and unpredictable rainfall. This study examined climate change and sugarcane production in Nigeria from 1970 to 2021 using error correction model. Time series data were employed for the study. The results showed that temperature and rainfall adversely affected sugarcane output in Nigeria during the period studied with temperature depicting a warming trend. Furthermore, results showed a negative relationship between sugarcane output and temperature and a positive relationship between sugarcane output and rainfall in the short run. The results of error correction model showed that sugarcane output was affected by other variables included in the model both in the long and short-runs. The coefficient of the error correction term (ECT_1) was negative and significant at 5% level, indicating that sugarcane production adjusted to equilibrium given any changes in climatic variables. Consequently, for this model in the shortrun, sugarcane production was adjusted by 3% of the past yearโs deviation from equilibrium. The variance decomposition result showed that rainfall drastically affect sugarcane output. It is therefore recommended that for Nigeria to mitigate the negative consequence of climate change on sugarcane production, there is a need for the promotion of irrigation systems
MONETARY POLICY AND DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThe paper examined the impact of monetary policy on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria from 1990 to 2022. Employing deposit money bankโs asset as the dependent variable and monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio and treasury bill rate as the independent variables, the study utilized the Error Correction Mechanism estimation techniques to ascertain the relationship between the dependent and independent variables sourced secondarily from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Findings from the study showed that all the independent variables were correctly signed, and had a significant impact on deposit money banks in Nigeria during the period of study. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the monetary policies of the nation and its monetary instruments should be well managed such that the effects of monetary policy variables (MPR, CRR, LR, and TBR) on deposit money banks' assets (DMBA) should be taken into account by policymakers while developing and executing monetary policies. Also, continuous monitoring of the short-run dynamics is essential for understanding and responding to changes in the relationship between monetary policy and deposit money bank performance while strategies should be developed to manage short-term fluctuations and ensure stability and sustainability in the banking industry over the medium to long-ter
REVISITING THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE HYPOTHESIS WITH THE ROLE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY IN NIGERIA
Get PDFClimate change and environmental degradation continue to pose a serious threat to humanity, especially in developing countries. Researchers around the globe are making efforts to analyze the factors responsible for climate change and environmental degradation in order to propose policies that mitigate the problem. These researchers conduct their analyses mostly using the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis that emphasize the role of economic development on the environment. However, very few of the researchers have captured the influence of the shadow economy and financial development in their analyses. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to explore the role of the shadow economy and financial development in analyzing the growth-environment nexus in Nigeria. The paper utilizes annual data from 1991 to 2020 and employs a threshold regression approach. The findings demonstrate that the EKC hypothesis holds true in Nigeria, and the size of the shadow economy has an adverse effect on environmental quality in both the lower and upper regimes. It is also found that financial development has an inverse relationship with environmental degradation, regardless of the level of economic development. This suggests that the financial sector development contribute to environmental improvement. Based on these findings, the paper recommends that policymakers should take a holistic approach to sustainable development, one that considers both economic growth and environmental protection. They should also take steps to reduce the detrimental effects of the informal economy on the environment and promote responsible and sustainable financial practic
DOES MONETARY POLICY INFLUENCE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA?
Get PDFMonetary policies and government expenditure are interrelated and can influence the economic landscape of any economy. Effective coordination between these policy domains is therefore paramount to uphold macroeconomic stability and promote sustainable growth. This study examined the impact of monetary policies on government expenditure in Nigeria. The study investigates the relationship between monetary variables, including money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate; and government expenditure as a percentage of GDP, treated as the dependent variable. The theoretical framework is rooted in the principles of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology was employed to analyze the relationship among the selected monetary policy variables and government expenditure. The study reveals a positive relationship between money supply and government expenditure, emphasizing that the management of money supply by the central bank significantly influences government spending. Additionally, the results indicate that short-term fluctuations in inflation do not exert a significant impact on government expenditure. In light of these findings, it is recommended that policymakers concentrate on a dual approach, combining sustainable fiscal policies with effective collaboration between fiscal and monetary authoritie
GREEN BUSINESS PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN ORGANIZATIONS
Get PDFThe aftermaths of the recession have inspired more businesses to incorporate sustainability into their business strategies. Sluggish growth, low productivity and other social environmental and organizational factors have had an effect on the workforce. The unprecedented effects and outcome of dissatisfaction and disengagement of employees worldwide have called managers of organizations to find various initiatives to improve employee satisfaction and engagement. The convenience sampling method was used to determine a sample size of 100 samples. The study adopted a descriptive statistic of mean and standard deviation, and used Spearmanโs co-relational study to examine the effect of the relationship between Sustainable Practices and Employee job Satisfaction in Champion Breweries Plc Uyo. Result shows that Employee Satisfaction have a significant effect on Sustainable business Practices. The study recommends that firms should embrace policies that would efficiently lead to sustainability and satisfaction of employees. The study concludes that Green Practices promotes a vision for the accountability and satisfaction of businesses in a wide range of employees, stakeholders and investors