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Proses Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Secara Langsung yang Berdampak pada Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Rangka Pemenuhan Hak Berpolitik Warga Negara di Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Get PDFDirect local elections is an illustration form of the democratic process that is realized by the government's seriousness implemented at all levels of government. Implementation of the local elections have a purpose to carry out the implementation of a democratic system at the local level which is an extension of the central government, furthermore also a moment for the community to voicing their political rights as citizens. In practice, direct election conducted in some areas not yet in spite of the existence of violations to cause conflict between the members. The problem is how to practice the local elections directly in the province of North Sumatra; How is the behavior of the people of North Sumatra to direct the election process have been implemented. Methods This study used a qualitative approach which is descriptive study. Then conducted a qualitative analysis of the substance, the context, and the relationship between the perpetrators of the campaign with an audience from the aspect of human rights. Based on field data, direct election practices still use transactional practice, discrimination against particular groups, the lack of availability of facilities for the group of disabled tools, election fraud, organizers are still in favor of one candidate, the high cost elections, prone to horizontal conflict as a result of people's behavior, and the function of political education are not optimal.Pemilihan kepala daerah secara langsung (Pilkada) merupakan sebuah gambaran dari bentuk proses demokrasi yang diwujudkan oleh keseriusan pemerintah yang dilaksanakan disemua tingkat pemerintahan. Pelaksanaan Pilkada bertujuan untuk melakukan penyelenggaraan sistem demokrasi ditingkat lokal yang merupakan perpanjangan tangan dari pemerintah pusat, selain itu juga merupakan momentum bagi masyarakat dalam menyuarakan hak berpolitik sebagai warga negara. Pada praktiknya, pilkada secara langsung yang dilakukan di beberapa daerah belum terlepas dari adanya pelanggaran-pelanggaran hingga menimbulkan konflik antar sesama. Persoalannya adalah bagaimana praktik pemilihan kepala daerah secara langsung di Provinsi Sumatera Utara; Bagaimanakah perilaku masyarakat Sumatera Utara terhadap proses pilkada secara langsung yang telah dilaksanakan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Kemudian dilakukan analisis secara kualitatif terhadap substansi, konteks, dan relasi antara pelaku kampanye dari aspek HAM. Berdasarkan data lapangan, praktik pilkada secara langsung masih menggunakan praktik transaksional, diskriminasi terhadap golongan khusus, minimnya fasilitas alat bantu bagi golongan disable, kecurangan pilkada, penyelenggara yang masih berpihak pada salah satu calon, pilkada yang berbiaya mahal, rawan konflik horizontal akibat perilaku masyarakat, dan fungsi pendidikan politik yang belum optimal
Reaktualisasi Hak Atas Pelayanan Kesehatan Mental Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia: Sebuah Ius Constituendum?
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic has increased the need for mental health services in Indonesia. However, the government hasn't prioritized the mental health aspect in handling the pandemic. The WHO has stated that the COVID-19 pandemic has created a worldwide mental health crisis. This article aims to examine whether the fulfillment of mental health is the state's responsibility, what is the urgency of the fulfillment of mental health services and how is the ius constituendum for the fulfillment of the right to mental health services in Indonesia. By combining doctrinal research and Research-Oriented Reform, this article finds that based on the UDHR, ICESCR, 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Health Law, and Mental Health Law stipulate that the fulfillment of mental health services is the state's responsibility. However, Indonesia law hasn't fulfilled facilities and access to mental health laws. Therefore, the article recommends three things. First, Promulgate the Psychology Practice Bill which regulates the development and management of human resources in the psychology profession. Second, Ratify the Government Regulation of the Mental Health Law regarding the procedures for implementing mental health services. Third, Ratify Regional Regulations to regulate mental health administration's planning, financing, and supervision.Pandemi Covid-19 telah meningkatkan kebutuhan atas pelayanan kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Walaupun demikian, pemerintah belum memprioritaskan aspek kesehatan mental dalam penanganan pandemi. Padahal WHO menyatakan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 telah menciptakan krisis kesehatan mental di seluruh dunia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah pemenuhan pelayanan kesehatan mental merupakan tanggung jawab negara dan apakah urgensi pemenuhan pelayanan kesehatan mental serta bagaimana ius constituendum pemenuhan hak atas pelayanan kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Dengan menggabungkan metode penelitian doktrinal dan Research Oriented Reform, artikel ini menemukan bahwa berdasarkan ketentuan UDHR, ICESCR, UUD NRI 1945, UU Kesehatan dan UU Kesehatan Jiwa, pemenuhan hak atas pelayanan kesehatan mental merupakan tanggung jawab negara. Namun, hak tersebut belum terpenuhi karena minimnya fasilitas serta adanya kekosongan hukum kesehatan mental di Indonesia. Puncaknya artikel ini merekomendasikan tiga hal. Pertama, mengundangkan RUU Praktik Psikologi yang mengatur pengembangan dan manajemen SDM di bidang profesi psikologi. Kedua, mengesahkan Peraturan Pemerintah dari UU Kesehatan Jiwa yang mengatur tata cara pelaksanaan upaya promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan mental. Ketiga, mengesahkan Peraturan Daerah yang mengatur perencanaan, pembiayaan, dan pengawasan penyelenggaraan kesehatanmental
Legal Protection for Disabilities Persons with Language Limitations in Law Enforcement
Get PDFThe Indonesian government has enacted various regulations aimed at protecting individuals with disabilities, yet significant gaps persist in their implementation. Discrimination against people with disabilities, particularly those with language impairments, remains prevalent, especially within the legal system. This study employs a sociolegal approach to examine the challenges faced by disabled individuals with language limitations in accessing legal protection. Key aspects analyzed include existing regulatory frameworks for disability protection, case studies of legal decisions involving disabilities, the handling of legal proceedings, challenges encountered by stakeholders in legal cases, and the impact of limited access to sign language and legal knowledge. The research reveals that individuals with hearing impairments often struggle to exercise their rights to assistance from sign language interpreters during legal proceedings. This deficiency is primarily attributed to a lack of awareness and understanding among various stakeholders regarding the specific needs of people with hearing impairments. Furthermore, the effectiveness of law enforcement processes for disabled individuals is hindered by regional variations in sign language, the existence of informal or non-standardized sign languages, and the limited proficiency of law enforcement personnel in communicating with and accommodating individuals with disabilities. In conclusion, the study underscores the urgent need for improved implementation of existing disability rights regulations in Indonesia, particularly within the legal context. Addressing these challenges requires enhancing awareness and training among legal professionals and stakeholders, ensuring consistent access to qualified sign language interpreters, and promoting standardized approaches to accommodating individuals with disabilities in legal proceedings. By bridging these gaps, Indonesia can move closer to fulfilling its commitment to upholding the rights and dignity of all individuals, including those with disabilities, within its legal system
Tindakan Membuka Identitas Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 oleh Rumah Sakit Berdasarkan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Pidana
Get PDFHospitals face dilemma concerning covid 19 patient identity. On one side, they are imposed by an obligation to secure the confidentiality of patients with covid 19, but on the other side, they must inform the patient's identity to government. The act of revealing identity of patient with covid 19 taken by the hospital raises debate from human rights perspective and whether it violates the law or not. The normative Juridical method was used to solve this problem through approaches of prevailing law and concepts on human rights in medical ethics and unlawful act. The result showed that revealing a patient's identity with covid 19 based on nonmaleficence principle in bonum commune context can be lawful and fulfill human rights on behalf of covid 19 management. Moreover, based on the penal code, revealing the identity of a patient with covid 19 taken by a hospital is lawful in an emergency setting (noodtoestand).Rumah sakit menghadapi dilema atas identitas pasien Covid-19. Di satu sisi rumah sakit memiliki kewajiban untuk menjamin rahasia medis pasien Covid-19 namun di sisi lain harus menginformasikan identitas pasien Covid-19 kepada pemerintah. Tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 oleh rumah sakit pun menjadi perdebatan dari sisi hak asasi manusia dan perbuatan melawan hukum atau tidak. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif digunakan untuk menjawab persoalan ini melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan pendekatan konseptual atas hak asasi manusia dalam etika kedokteran dan perbuatan pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 menurut prinsip nonmaleficence dalam konteks bonum commune dapat dibenarkan danmemenuhi hak aasimanusia demi kepentingan penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19. Menurut hukum pidana, tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 oleh Rumah Sakit merupakan tindakan yang dibenarkan dalam keadaan darurat (noodtoestand)
Pemenuhan Hak Warga Negara Eks Timor Timur untuk Mendapatkan Kehidupan yang Layak
Get PDFEast Timor is one of the provinces in Indonesia which separated itself as a result of the referendum in 1999 and became a country named Republik Deokratik Timor Leste (RDTL). As a result of the referendum, residents who wished to remain Indonesian citizens had to leave and then flee to the nearest area, one of which was in the Belu district, East Nusa Tenggara which is directly adjacent to East Timor. This research finds data that there are unfulfilled rights of citizens and solutions so that their rights can be fulfilled. The purpose of the research is to find out what rights have been received and aims to provide solutions so that their rights can be fulfilled. Collecting data by interviewing sources and then analyzing it. There are rights of ex-East Timorese that not been fulfilled, namely the right to have a proper place to live, the right to get a job, the right for children. The government must pay more attention to the conditions of the residents so that their rights are fulfilled. These problems can be handled by providing training and opening up job opportunities so that they can be independent and no longer live in refugee camps.Timor Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memisahkan diri akibat dari adanya referendum pada tahun 1999 dan menjadi negara bernama Republik Demokratik Timor Leste (RDTL). Referendum tersebut dilakukan dengan cara jajak pendapat di mana mayoritas warga Timor Timur memilih untuk memisahkan diri dari Indonesia. Akibat dari referendum tersebut warga yang menginginkan tetap menjadi warga negara Indonesia harus keluar dan kemudian mengungsi ke daerah terdekat salah satunya di wilayah Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur yang berbatasan langsung dengan Timor Timur. Penelitian ini menemukan data bahwa terdapat hak warga eks Timor Timur yang sudah terpenuhi dan belum terpenuhi serta solusi agar hak mereka dapat terpenuhi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hak-hak yang sudah diterima dan bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi agar hak-hak mereka dapat terpenuhi. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara secara langsung degan pengungsi kemudian menganalisisnya. Terdapat hak-hak warga eks Timor Timur di pengungsian belum terpenuhi yaitu hak mempunyai tempat tinggal dan lingkungan yang layak, hak untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan, hak bagi anak-anak. Pemerintah harus lebih memperhatikan kondisi warga di pengungsian agar hak-hak mereka terpenuhi. Permasalahan tersebut dapat ditangani dengan cara memberikan pelatihan serta pembukaan lapangan pekerjaan agar mereka dapat mandiri dan tidak lagi tinggal di pengungsian
Human Rights and Persons with Disabilities: Design of Buk-Smart-Logi Learning Media (Technology Smart Books) as an Islamic Education Learning Media Innovation
Get PDFThe effectiveness of teaching and learning processes, particularly in religious education, heavily relies on the quality of learning media utilized. However, a significant challenge persists related to the absence of inclusive learning systems, thereby hindering the realization of equal access to education as a human right. This observation is drawn from the analysis of inclusive learning media in Indonesian schools. In response, educational institutions must adopt learning media that accommodate individuals with disabilities, enabling all children to study together in integrated settings. To address this gap, the Buk-Smart-Logi (Book Smart Technology) innovation has been introduced, aimed at enhancing student learning outcomes and fostering inclusivity across educational settings in Indonesia. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) approach using the simplified Borg and Gall model. The study's objectives include assessing the validity of Buk-Smart-Logi media and examining its role in supporting inclusive learning, particularly in Islamic Religious Education. Emphasizing human-friendly design, this media innovation seeks to ensure that education remains accessible to every citizen, including those with disabilities. By enhancing accessibility and inclusivity through innovative learning media, such as Buk-Smart-Logi, the research not only promotes educational equity but also upholds the principles of human rights in education. It underscores the imperative of creating environments where all learners, regardless of ability, can actively participate and benefit from educational opportunities, thereby fostering a more inclusive and supportive educational landscape in Indonesia
Protection of Human Rights Victims of Sexual Violence through Maqâsid al-Sharî'ah: A Case in Batu City Indonesia
Get PDFSexual violence can happen anywhere, and some perpetrators are usually related to the victim. A case of sexual violence occurred at Selamat Pagi Indonesia School in Batu city. The schoolmaster threatened the victim to comply with his wishes. A school environment, which should be a place to learn about science and ethics, has become a scene for sexual assault. This article aims to provide prevention and settlement alternatives for sexual violence through maqâsid al-sharî'ah methods. The data show that sexual violence at the school has occurred since 2009. This article includes empirical research using qualitative methods by describing and analyzing the data which is presented in descriptive text. The result of the research shows that the victims are incapable of fighting back due to manipulation in order to always be obedient and repay the perpetrators. The intimidation practice is in contrast to human rights and religious purposes, while the perpetrators exploit the power relation and manipulate religious narratives to commit the crime. Understanding religious purposes (maqasid alsharî'ah) provides essential tools to minimize human rights violations in the form of sexual violence. One is allowed to make prejudices and refuse to engage in an activity that may lead to sexual violence. The resistance corresponds with maqâsid al-sharî'ah which consists of safeguarding the soul, progeny, mind, religion, and wealth
Hak Suaka versus Kedaulatan: Studi Kasus Pencari Suaka Etnis Rohingya
Get PDFThe right to asylum is a fundamental right under international law. Despite its fundamental nature, there are still numerous challenges to protect this right. The main challenge is sovereignty, which is the primary basis for the state in determining the one permitted to live on its own territory. The complicacy that the Rohingya underwent in seeking asylum in other countriesis clear evidence of this problem. Rohingya isrecognized as one of the world's most persecuted minorities, grappling with decades of systematic atrocities. This paper aims to take a closer look at the problems of the right to asylum by answering questions about the challenges Rohingya faced. The study was conducted by juridical method to investigate the right of asylum problems through the experience of the Rohingya. As a result, the Rohingyas encounter a number of challenges in seeking and enjoying their right to asylum. These include denial of access to cross borders, forced deportation, denial of access to procedures to verify refugee status, use of voluntary repatriation as a pretext for withdrawing asylum, use of legal means to expel asylum seekers, and use of non-entre'e mechanisms.Hak suaka merupakan hak dasar yang diakui oleh hukum internasional. Terlepas dari pentingnya hak ini, masih terdapat tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pemenuhan hak ini. Salah satunya adalah kedaulatan negara, yang menjadi dasar dalammenentukan siapa saja yang diizinkan untuk tinggal dalam wilayah teritorial suatu negara. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Etnis Rohingya dalam mencari suaka di negara lain merupakan bukti nyata permasalahan ini. Rohingya diakui sebagai one of the world's most persecuted minorities, yang menghadapi beragam kekejaman sistematis sejak beberapa dekade yang lalu. Tulisan ini membahas tentang problematika hak untuk mendapatkan suaka dengan menjawab pertanyaan apakah bentuk tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Etnis Rohingya dalam mencari suaka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode yuridis dengan melihat pengalaman etnis Rohingya untuk mengetahui problematika hak suaka. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa terlepas dari adanya hak suaka, hak untuk memberikan suaka merupakan hak negara yang bersumber dari kedaulatan negara. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, terdapat beragam tantangan etnis Rohingya dalam mencari dan menikmati hak suaka. Bentuk-bentuk tantangan yang dihadapi oleh etnis Rohingya meliputi penolakan akses untuk melintasi perbatasan, pengusiran paksa, penolakan akses ke prosedur untuk memverifikasi status pengungsi, penggunaan repatriasi sukarela sebagai dalih untuk penarikan suaka, penggunaan sarana legal untuk mengusir pencari suaka, dan penggunaan mekanisme non-entre'e
Improving the Quality of Public Services through Bureaucratic Reformation: Human Right Perspectives
Get PDFThis article discusses Bureaucratic Reform from the Perspective of Human Rights in improving the quality of public services. Bureaucratic Reform is a process of change that is carried out in stages, systematically, and continuously. It aims to create clean governance, improving public services, capacity, and accountability of bureaucratic performance and professionalism of Human Resource Apparatus. This process can be seen as a change from the current condition to the targeted condition within the scope of Bureaucratic Reform. There are several problems faced in improving maximum public services, including 1) transactions leadership, 2) adaptive organizational structure, 3) weak policy implementation, 4) inefficient organizational structure and management, 5) unclear service systems and strategies, 6) corrupt organizational behavior; 7) lack of transparency. In order to solve problems in the government bureaucracy, it is necessary to reform its structure and work culture. If bureaucratic reform in services is successfully implemented, public service bureaucratic reformation will achieve the expected goals, including: an increase in public respect for government performance as a service provider, a decrease or even elimination of public authority abuse by officials in the agencies concerned; realization of a country that has the most-improved bureaucracy and improves the quality of each service sector to the public.This article discusses Bureaucratic Reform from the Perspective of Human Rights in improving the quality of public services. Bureaucratic Reform is a process of change that is carried out in stages, systematically, and continuously. It aims to create clean governance, improving public services, capacity, and accountability of bureaucratic performance and professionalism of Human Resource Apparatus. This process can be seen as a change from the current condition to the targeted condition within the scope of Bureaucratic Reform. There are several problems faced in improving maximum public services, including 1) transactions leadership, 2) adaptive organizational structure, 3) weak policy implementation, 4) inefficient organizational structure and management, 5) unclear service systems and strategies, 6) corrupt organizational behavior; 7) lack of transparency. In order to solve problems in the government bureaucracy, it is necessary to reform its structure and work culture. If bureaucratic reform in services is successfully implemented, public service bureaucratic reformation will achieve the expected goals, including: an increase in public respect for government performance as a service provider, a decrease or even elimination of public authority abuse by officials in the agencies concerned; realization of a country that has the most-improved bureaucracy and improves the quality of each service sector to the public
Interpretasi HAM dalam Ideologi Pancasila dan Implikasinya terhadap Persatuan dan Kesatuan di Indonesia
Get PDFHuman values in the form of human rights are also included in the Pancasila ideology. This research was conducted to contribute to academic development related to human rights issues in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive exploratory. This research is library research. The data collection method is through classifying and analyzing data. The data analysis method in this study is through interpretation and analysis methods. Human rights in Indonesia experience various forms of dynamics that are full of struggle in their enforcement. Ancestors in the past or leaders in the present have made multiple attempts to uphold human rights in Indonesia. Human rights in Indonesia originate from the Pancasila ideology. Therefore, human rights in Indonesia receive strong guarantees because they are based on the Pancasila ideology. Unity in Indonesia will be achieved if all Indonesians can apply human rights values in their lives.Nilai-nilai kemanusiaan berupa Hak Asasi Manusia pada dasarnya juga terdapat di dalam Ideologi Pancasila. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk memberikan sumbangsih pengetahuan bagi perkembangan akademik terkait permasalahan HAM di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library research) sedangkan metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan mengklasifikasikan data-data yang berhubungan dengan penelitian, kemudian menganalisinya.Adapun metode anaisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan metode interpretasi dan metode analisis. HAM di Indonesia mengalami berbagai bentuk dinamika yang penuh perjuangan dalam penegakannya, baik itu penolakan terhadap HAM maupun pengaplikasian HAM di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh para leluhur- leluhur di masa lampau ataupun pemimpin pada masa sekarang, hal tersebut bertujuan demi tegaknya HAM di Indonesia. Hak asasi manusia di Indonesia bersumber dan bermuara dari ideologi Pancasila. Oleh karena itu, HAM di Indonesia mendapat jaminan kuat karena berlandaskan ideologi Pancasila. Persatuan dan kesatuan di Indonesia akan dapat terwujud apabila segenap masyarakat Indonesia dapat menerapkan serta mewujudkan nilai-nilai HAM dalamkehidupannya