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Legionary fortress at Viminacium and the Principia of the VII Claudia Legion
No full textViminacium and its legionary fortress were the most important military stronghold in the Upper Moesia. Systematic geophysical surveys have been conducted since 2001 covering almost entire area of the castrum. Preliminary excavations were done in 1882 and 1902, and work on legionary fortress in Viminacium continued about 100 years after that - in the 2003. Parts of Porta Pratetoria were excavated. First systematic research begun in 2016, when segments of the ramparts closing the area between West and North gates have been researched, along with the gates and towers.
Most recent research were focused on principia and excavation begun in 2020, in southeast corner of the building, moving north towards opposite corner. Proton magnetometer provided us with outer walls of the building and some details within. Ground penetrating radar was used in the northeast section giving detailed information on state of preservation and further distribution of rooms.
Excavations resulted in documenting parts of the forum, tribunal, portico, and multiple rooms along the south and east sides. Sections of heating and water supply systems were also excavated. Multiple building phases are identified and correspond to the chronology of the castrum previously established. One coin hoard discovered in room 3 dates potential disaster into the years after 330 AD, but no final destruction phase of the building and castrum is yet defined. Latest results as well as quantity of finds suggest that Viminacium fortress was rather abandoned than destroyed
Along the Rivers and into the Plain: Early Crop Diversity in the Central and Western Balkans and Its Relationship with Environmental and Cultural Variables
Get PDFAgriculture is a complex and dynamic socio-ecological system shaped by environmental, economic, and social factors. The crop resource pool is its key component and one that best reflects environmental limitations and socio-economic concerns of the farmers. This pertains in particular to small-scale subsistence production, as was practised by Neolithic farmers. We investigated if and how the environment and cultural complexes shaped the spectrum and diversity of crops cultivated by Neolithic farmers in the central-western Balkans and on the Hungarian Plain. We did so by exploring patterns in crop diversity between biogeographical regions and cultural complexes using multivariate statistical analyses. We also examined the spectrum of wild-gathered plant resources in the same way. We found that the number of species in Neolithic plant assemblages is correlated with sampling intensity (the number and volume of samples), but that this applies to all archaeological cultures. Late Neolithic communities of the central and western Balkans exploited a large pool of plant resources, whose spectrum was somewhat different between archaeological cultures. By comparison, the earliest Neolithic tradition in the region, the Starcevo-Koros-Cris phenomenon, seems to have used a comparatively narrower range of crops and wild plants, as did the Linearbandkeramik culture on the Hungarian Plain
Viminacijum – istorijat i istraživanja
Get PDFВојни логор у Виминацијуму настао је
највероватније већ почетком 1. века н. е. када
Римљани продиру у овај део Подунавља. Војна
организација на Дунаву била је по својој при-
лици истовремена са оснивањем провинције
Мезије, које се датује у 15. годину н. е. Тежња
Римљана за успостављањем легијских логора
на Дунаву, чиме су добили сигурнију границу,
била је мотивисана потребом да се заштите
римске области на југу Балкана од пљачкаш-
ких похода са севера. Покоравање слободних
племена између провинције Македоније и Ду-
нава трајало је током последње три деценије 1.
века пре н. е. и завршило се постепеним поме-
рањем легија из Македоније на север и осни-
вањем провинције Мезије, која се простирала
од Саве до Црног мора. Врло брзо се показало
да је провинција сувише велика да би се могла
ефикасно штитити и због тога је 86. године н.
е. подељена на две: Горњу и Доњу Мезију.The legionary fort in Viminacium was
most likely established at the beginning of the
1st century CE, as the Romans reached this part
of the Danube Valley. It seems that organising
the military on the Danube occurred simultaneously
with the establishment of the province
of Moesia, in the year 15 CE. The Romans’ tendency
to establish legionary forts on the Danube
and to obtain a border that would be more
secure was motivated by the need to protect the
Roman provinces in the south of the Balkans
from plunderers from the north. Subordinating
free tribes that used to dwell between the province
of Macedonia and the Danube occurred
over the three final decades of the 1st century
BCE and ended with a gradual movement of legions
from Macedonia towards the north and
the establishment the province of Moesia. This
stretched from the river Sava to the Black Sea. It
soon became apparent that the province was too
big to be effectively controlled and, as a result,
in the year 86 CE, it was divided into two parts:
Upper and Lower Moesia
Life in the Viminacium area from the 5th to the 12th century
Get PDFТоком више векова Виминацијум је
представљао једно од најважнијих војних упо-
ришта на Дунаву у коме је била стационирана
легија VII Claudia. У IV веку сталну опасност
пограничних области представљају варвар-
ска племена која врше честе упаде на тери-
торију Царства. Велики пораз римске војске
код Хадријанопоља 378. године1 омогућио је
нове продоре и насељавање германских на-
рода јужно од Дунава. Одговор Царства на
новонасталу ситуацију био је покушај јачања
одбране границе на Дунаву насељавањем вар-
вара као најамника – федерата. На некропола-
ма Виминацијума пронађено је свега неколи-
ко гробова с краја 4. и прве половине 5. века,
који сведоче о новонасталим приликама.Over several centuries, Viminacium represented
one of the most important military strongholds
on the Danube, in which the legion VII
Claudia was stationed. In the 4th century, barbaric
tribes frequently raiding the territory of the Empire,
represented a permanent threat. The great
defeat of the Roman army in 378 by Hadrianopolis
made new raids possible,1 but also the settling
of Germanic peoples on the territory to the south
of the Danube. The response by the Empire to this
newly established situation was to strengthen the
defence along the Danube by recruiting barbarians
settled in the Empire as mercenaries – foederates.
In the Viminacium cemeteries, only a few
graves from the end of the 4th and the first half of
the 5th century have been discovered, giving testimony
to the new circumstances
Pottery from Viminacium - characteristics and multipurpose function
Get PDFOverview of the part of pottery vessels discovered at Viminacium is given in the article. Techniques of making and decorating as well as their multipurpose use are presented. The most common working technique in the treatment of outer surface of vessels are colouring, engraving and stamping. Most of the vessels are dated to the period from the beginning of the second to the end of the third century. Certain forms had a short expiration date, while some underwent several production making changes. These are locally produced vessels intended for everyday use. Among them, according to their decoration, vessels made after the luxury imported models stand out. The research of Viminacium confirmed the role of its pottery-brick production center, which, with its production and distribution, met the needs of both the city itself and the surrounding provinces.Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju. Serta instituti archaeologici ; knjiga / volume XVI
Gerulata: a Fort on the Road from Taliata to Egeta
Get PDFSince the earliest times of Roman military presence in the Balkans, the Danube had a
vital role. The elaborate system of fortifications on the Danube limes was connected by roads, one
of the most important ones being Via militaris, leading to the Black Sea.
Apart from the main road following the Danube, there were alternative ones. After Porečka reka,
the Danube bends and goes into the Dacian territory for 26 km, making a big curve. So, in order to
get from Taliata (Donji Milanovac) to Egeta (Brza Palanka), by following the Danube road, it would
take more time than by using an alternative one, across the Miroč mountain. The fort of Gerulata
was erected to protect this alternative road. On Tabula Peutingeriana it is represented as one of two
stations on this road, VIII miles from Taliata.6th International Conference on the Roman Danubian Provinces, Belgrade and Viminacium, 1st – 5th November 202
Viminacium - Landscape and Heritage (Trans)formation
No full textArchaeological research in the area of the City of Požarevac in Serbia has been going on for decades, but it has yielded the greatest results precisely in the territory of Roman Viminacium, while the protection and presentation of the cultural and historical heritage of the area have been largely carried out within this site. The elements that make up the close area of Viminacium, represented by the modern archaeological park, ruling mining industry, small rural settlements, fragmented agricultural fields, and the mighty Danube river, are mutually connected with many forms of intangible heritage. The aim of this chapter is to present this space which unifies the geological landscape and archaeological heritage, through the centuries-old exploitation of natural resources. It is exactly what gives this ever-transforming landscape its unique character and what can be used in future in the presentation of Viminacium Archaeological Park
L`architecture de la basilique – apercu des vestiges
No full textL’architecture de la basilique – aperçu des vestige
Searching for Elements – Creating a Composition: from Archaeometry to Conservation of Roman Constructions on the Danube in Serbia
Get PDFRoman mortars have long been one of the most intriguing topics in the field of construction history, which together with archaeology has embraced many sciences and professional practices in order to unravel the technologies and knowledge of ancient builders. Among them, geology occupies a special place in the investigation of the origin of raw materials. At the same time, with the help of chemistry, it looks for their mutual relationships, which eventually led to composites with the use of which the most monumental Roman buildings were erected
Characterization of Historical Mortars and Identification of their Preparation Technology: Roman Military Camp Viminacium
Get PDFRecent technological developments in the field of material science and applied chemistry have led to the fact that technological research is an inevitable procedure and the first step in the diagnosis of historical buildings state. This research required a multidisciplinary approach and brought very valuable scientific knowledge and data for conservation practice. The aim of our research paper was detailed characterization of historical mortars from the Roman period: Roman military camp Viminacium. In situ and laboratory examination of the sampled materials included: visual observations, stereo-optical and digital microscopy, spectrophotometry and colorimetry, mineralogical and petrological analyses, physical-mechanical tests, thermal characterization, mechanical and chemical separation of aggregates and binders, and characterization of samples, binders and aggregates