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Zaključna razmatranja o rimskim kultovima na teritoriji Srbije
Get PDFU okviru rimskih kultova na teritoriji Srbije najbrojnije očuvani jesu Jupiterovi votivni spomenici.1 Oni se pri gotovo svim urbanim sredinama javljaju u najvećem broju, bilo kao samostalni kult boga Jupitera, bilo i u kultnim zajednicama sa drugim božanstvima ili carskim kultom. Izuzetak čini područje Viminaciuma, gde je nađeno do sada ukupno jedanaest spomenika boga Jupitera, računajući i njegove kultne zajednice, a sedamnaest spomenika carskog kulta. Spomenici kulta boga Jupitera javljaju se najčešće kao posvete Jupiteru Ka- pitolinskom (Iovi Optimo et Maximo). Na području Singidunuma i okoline najbrojnije takođe su posvete Jupiteru Kapitolinskom, koje su veoma retko naglašene atributima paternus i sacrum (jedan slučaj). U kultnim simbiozama najčešće je povezan sa carskim kultom. Jupiter je još povezan i sa Herkulom, Tera Mater i Liberom. Naročito je interesantno pomenuti da je na području Singidunuma konstatovana jedna posveta načinjena na urni. Ovo potvrđuje da je Jupiter imao veza i sa htonskim kultom. Na području rimskog Viminaciuma najbrojnije posvete bogu Jupiteru jesu posvete kao Jupiteru Kapitolinskom. No, Jupiter se još javlja i kao Conservator u jednom slučaju i kao Dolichenus u još jednom slučaju. Poslednja posveta predstavlja interpretatio romana lokalnog, vrhovnog božanstva. U kultnoj zajednici javlja se kao Kapitolinska trijada sa bogovima i boginjama i carskim kultom, sa carskim kultom, i sa drugim bogovima i boginjama i domaćim Larima. Spomenik kultne simbioze Jupitera Kapitolinskog sa carskim kultom se jedino može precizno datovati i to u period Severa (Zotović 2015)
Overview of conservation and restoration approaches to the protection and presentation of Viminacium wall paintings
Get PDFThis paper will present methods of protection and presentation, i.e., conservation-restoration approaches, applied to the remains of wall paintings found within the archaeological site of Viminacium, from the Roman period, that have been applied since 2006. The material was conserved in the conservation and restoration studio on the site itself by conservators and associates of the Institute of Archaeology, while in the previous period it was carried out by the conservators of the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia – Belgrade. The found paintings diered in their degree of preservation, which gave rise to the reasons for the chosen method of conservation and presentation. The presentation of one of the found painted graves and the partially preserved painted composition on one of the walls of the city baths enabled the preservation of examples of painting in its original context, providing visitors with a unique experience. Viminacium is one of the few archaeological sites in Serbia where conservators pay special attention to fragmented wall paintings, and to the restoration of the units that the fragments formerly created.
With the help of conservation works carried out on the fragments of the painting, several units were obtained that can allow us to see what the wall decoration looked like in a historical environment. Some of the fragments throughout the presentation remained unrelated to the context from which they originate, so the contribution of hypothetical reconstructions carried out by restorers as well as the use of modern digital technologies is important for their comprehension. The aim of the work being done by conservators in Viminacium since 2006 is, therefore, that all the remains of the wall paintings of Viminacium are physically preserved and protected, but also that their artistic content, materials and production technology are in some way visible outside the space of the studio, that is presented to other researchers and conservators, as well as the museum audience
Rekognosciranja rudnih ležišta i šljačišta u Boru i Majdanpeku u 2020. godini. Arheologija u Srbiji
Get PDFNakon tri sezone arheoloških iskopavanja na lokalitetima iz bronzanog doba organizovanih od strane Arheološkog instituta u Beogradu, Muzeja rudarstva i metalurgije u Boru i Arheološkog instituta Austrijske akademije nauka (ranije OREA), koja su donela nove podatke važne za bolje razumevanje tehnologije topljenja bakra u praistoriji, odlučeno je da se dalja istratraživanja usmere ka rešavanju problema koji su se u međuvremenu postavili pred istraživače. Najvažnije pitanje odnosi se na poreklo rude bakra koje su praistorijske zajednice sa područja Bora i Majdanpeka koristile tokom prve polovine II milenijuma pre n.e. Zbog toga je bilo potrebno sprovesti rekognosciranja sa dva cilja - prvi cilj je ubikacija potencijalnih praistorijskih arheometalurških lokaliteta, a drugi cilj se odnosi na identifikovanje dostupnih rudnih ležišta na ovom području. Rekognosciranja su se odvijala u jesen 2020. godine zahvaljujući sredstvima Ministarstva kulture i informisanja Republike Srbije, dok su fizičko-hemijske analize prikupljenih uzoraka finansirali naši partneri iz Arheološkog instituta u Beču
Nike/Victoria representations in Late Antique Central Balkans
Get PDFDuring the archaeological excavations in the north-eastern part of thermae at Constantine the Great’s villa in Mediana in 2022 campaign, in the layer of debris two fragments of marble relief with the presentation of Nike/Victoria standing on the globe were discovered. The fine grain white marble used for the icon with its exquisite modelling suggests that the icon was made from expensive marble by the hands of a skilful artisan in the 2nd or the 3rd century. The fact that the relief was discovered in the area of an imperial residential complex relates it to other known Central Balkan finds with Victoria’s representations, discovered in Galerius’ imperial domain Felix Romuliana and Moesia Superior’s capital Viminacium. All these mythological objects can be dated into the period of the 3rd and the 4th century, attesting that the goddess’ symbolism did not lose any of its popularity in the period of Late Antiquity – on the contrary, it announced the transformation of the goddess into an angel and later on, as the one who blessed the emperors during their coronation. Thus, the question of Victoria’s different roles (goddess or personification) again rises, gaining a new meaning in the early Byzantine period
The Location of 6th Century Βιμινάκιον. Status quaestionis and Hypotheses
Get PDFDuring the 6th century, the city of Viminacium was restored thanks to the return of the imperial authority in the province of Moesia Prima, after the great crisis of the 5th century. The settlement had been already mentioned as a πόλις by Procopius, Hierocles and Theophylact Simocatta, but none of these sources provide detailed descriptions nor its precise location. Theophylact also defined the city as a νῆσος, when recalling the military events that took place some years after after the Avar attack of 584. The current knowledge of the topography of the site allows the word νῆσος to raise even more questions about the possible location of the settlement during the 6th century. It has been proposed that the settlement was not reconstructed over the old Roman town, since the original settlement was not established on a river island or peninsula after all. By providing a careful analysis of the literary and archaeological data gathered on the site, and by comparing them to historical references to similar settlements, we will explore the possibility tthat the 6th century Viminacium developped in the vicinity of the Roman colonia
А Three-Headed Glass Bead from Viminacium
Get PDFThe paper presents a new find of a three-headed glass bead from the vicinity of Viminacium,
Serbia. The bead originates from the multi-layered site of Nad Klepečkom, and represents the second find of a three-headed glass bead in the territory of Serbia. In this paper, the glass bead is provided with a typological and chronological background, and discussed within the scope of the existing glass beads in the territory of Serbia and the neighbouring regions
Раносредњовековни хоризонт на локалитету Арчиновица на траси Моравског коридора
Get PDFNakon pripremnih sondažnih radova 2022. godine, tokom 2023. obavljena su zaštitna istraživanja čitave ugrožene površine na lokalitetu Arčinovica, koji se nalazi na trasi auto-puta Moravskog Koridora (E 761). Lokalitet se nalazi na oko 700 m od leve obale Zapadne Morave, na razmeđi trsteničke i kruševačke opštine. Zapadni deo lokaliteta pripada naselju Selište (Trstenik), a istočni Konjuhu (Kruševac). Radove je izvela ekipa Arheološkog instituta iz Beograda u saradnji sa
kolegama iz Narodnog muzeja Kruševac. U iskopavanjima je istraženo približno 70 celina – ukopa različitih oblika i veličina, iz razdoblja kasne praistorije, antike i ranog srednjeg veka. Deo ranosrednjovekovnog naselja, sa 25 dokumentovanih objekata, prostire se u centralnom i zapadnom arealu ugroženog dela nalazišta. Te celine su ovalne, kružne ili nepravilne osnove, ukopane u zdravicu do dubine 0,5–0,7 m. Reč je o stambenim i ekonomskim objektima
koji su bili natkriveni lakim konstrukcijama, na šta upućuju manji kružni otisci stubova ili krupno kamenje za njihovo podupiranje. U pojedinim objektima, ili u njihovoj neposrednoj blizini, nalazila su se kružna vatriša od zapečene zemlje ili peći sa delovima kalota, dok je uz jednu takvu celinu zatečena veća aglomeracija kamena
Household-based food production and the social fabric in the Neolithic Vinča culture of the central Balkans
Get PDFArchitectural, artefactual and subsistence evidence from sites of the Late Neolithic Vinča culture network (5400-4500
BC) in southeast Europe suggests that the autonomous household was the basic socio-economic unit. Archaeological
reconstructions posit that one or several adjacent buildings define individual households, and that these (groups of)
structures were the context of economic, social and ritual activities. How/where/when these activities were conducted
was likely defined at the communal level, prescribed by supra-household social controls and embedded in ideological
framework. Although no clear indications of social stratification are observable at Vinča culture sites, some interhousehold status competition would have been present and was negotiated through mechanisms such as sharing and
exchange, and communal works and events, the latter, for instance, documented by the faunal evidence of feasting.
Within the community-wide pattern of behaviour that ensured cohesion, social differentiation could have been
maintained through household-specific food-related practices, food choices and culinary traditions. These could have
served to emphasise individual affinities and identities, to delineate the smallest social units, without damaging the
sense of community. As such, they may have even been encouraged. In this presentation, we look at the archaeobotanical
and zooarchaeological evidence of food production and consumption from a selection of Vinča culture households, and
reconstruct the sources of food, their origin and seasonality. We compare the observations for individual cases, in order
to identify potential inter-household differences in the choice and use of (key) resources. We speculate on what effect
such differences could have had on the social fabric of the community: whether through them the social bonds were
strengthened, undermined, or both; and whether this was of relevance in the context of the dissolution of the Vinča
culture
Монетарне реформе у Римском царству крајем 3. и током 4. века
No full textРад се бави историјским прегледом спроведених монетарних реформи у
Римском цартсву у периоду од краја 3. и током 4. века; тј. почевши са великим
монетарним крахом након смрти Александра Севера, преко свих монетарних норми
Аурелијана, Диоклецијана, Константина са циљем да новчани систем учине
стабилним, завршно са Константиновим наследницима и валентинијанском
. .
династИЈОМ КОЈИ су успели да одрже оно што су им претходници оставили у
наследство. Поред општег историјско-хронолошког прегледа све норме сагледане су
кроз економско-правну перспективу са циљем да се проникне у узроке и последице
економских кретања и учинковитости монетарне реформе као правне регулативе.
Такође, важно је утврдити узрочно-последичну везу монетарне економије, правних
регулатива и рефлексије свега тога на нумизматичком материјалу
Recycling and Reuse of Building Materials in a Historical Landscape—Viminacium Natural Brick (Serbia)
Get PDFDuring the MoDeCo2000 scientific and research project on mortars used in the territory of the Roman Danube Limes in Serbia, the biggest challenge was the quest for the provenance of raw materials. The area where Viminacium, the largest city in the province of Moesia Superior developed, with millennial continuity of land use and settlement, was selected as research case study and is presented in this research. People throughout history have always used what they had at hand, and the building remains were not only reused but also recycled for new constructions. Thus, the building material of Roman Viminacium has survived in the landscape through the in situ preserved remains of Roman buildings, as well as in the structures from the later periods, up to today. To the best of our knowledge, the use of natural sediments baked during the self-combustion or combustion of underneath layers (coal in our case) for the purpose of construction was extremely rare in the Roman Empire. In this study, we follow the presence of this type of material precisely in Viminacium construction, naming it natural brick, while focusing on its potential use in lime mortars whose production was perfected in the Roman period and has never been surpassed afterward. Archaeological contexts in which this material was found have been studied, along with simultaneous work in the laboratory and in the field during the research and experimental use of the natural brick in lime mortars. We sought to determine whether this material could have been recognised by Romans in Viminacium as a potential valuable pozzolanic component of mortar, along with or instead of fired brick, being locally available and recyclable. The final confirmation of its pozzolanic features and later discussion open completely new directions for the future research of Viminacium lime mortars