Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Fertilization methods and substrate particle size differentially affect growth and macronutrient status of Laelia anceps subsp. anceps
Get PDFThe effects of three fertilization methods (FM) using the Peters Professional® 30N-10P-10K water soluble fertilizer were analyzed: fertilization in irrigation water (FIW), foliar fertilization (FF), and their combination (FIW + FF), as well as two substrate particle sizes (SuPS): larger particle size (LPS) and smaller particle size (SPS), on the growth and macronutrient status of Laelia anceps subsp. anceps (Orchidaceae). A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was established. Aerial and root growth, dry weight and concentration of macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots were all evaluated. The interaction of the study factors resulted in a greater number of leaves, while by simple effects, greater leaf area, number of pseudobulbs, root volume, and dry matter of leaves and roots were obtained, when FIW and LPS were used. With FF, greater growth in root volume was observed. There were no differences in the concentration of N in the growth organs analyzed, but due to the interaction of factors, a higher concentration of P, K, Mg, and S was observed in roots, mainly with FIW + FF and SPS; although for P, there was a higher concentration in FIW and LPS. In the case of SPS, the concentrations of K and S were higher in leaves, and in pseudobulbs P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were higher. The results showed that there are positive effects on plant growth when FIW and LPS are used, while higher concentrations of nutrients in leaves, pseudobulbs and mainly in roots are observed when using SPS
Introduction pages
No full textNotulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (NBHA): The papers published in Issue 2, Volume 49, 2021 represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Genome-wide identification of WD40 superfamily genes and prediction of WD40 gene of flavonoid-related genes in Ginkgo biloba; Evaluation of mitotic activity in tapetal cells of grapevine (Vitis L.); Light-emitting diode spectra modify nutritional status, physiological response, and secondary metabolites in Ficus hirta and Alpinia oxyphylla; Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria associated to candelilla rhizosphere (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) and its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; Agronomical, physiological and molecular evaluation reveals superior salt-tolerance in bread wheat through salt-induced priming approach; Temperature-mediated shifts in chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves of chlorophyll b-lacking rice (Oryza sativa L.); Basal stem cluster bud induction and efficient regeneration for the Tibetan endemic medicinal plant Swertia conaensis; A proposal for modifying coppicing geometry in order to reduce soil erosion in the forest areas; Exploring mycorrhizal fungi in walnut with a focus on physiological roles; Advance in mechanism of plant leaf colour mutation, etc. The Impact Factor communicated by ISI Clarivate (June 30, 2021), is IF 2020 = 1.444 (position 157 of 235 journals, Q3 in Plant Sciences). The metrics in Scopus – Elsevier (June 2, 2021): CiteScore 1.7 (#40/86 in Horticulture).
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Announcement
From Volume 49, Issue 1, 2021, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal uses article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume. This step helps us to maintain a rapid, efficient production process by being able to define pagination as soon as a paper is accepted.
For papers that use article numbers, the page number of full-text articles will start from 1 to the last page and the citation needs only to list the article number. The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers (see Publication Frequency)
Regulation of curcuminoids, photosynthetic abilities, total soluble sugar, and rhizome yield traits in two cultivars of turmeric (Curcuma longa) using exogenous foliar paclobutrazol
Get PDFPaclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of plant growth retardants, commonly applied for growth regulation, yield improvement, and biotic and abiotic stress alleviation. However, the effects of PBZ on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; Zingiberaceae), a rhizomatous herb, have not been well established. The objective of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the effect of PBZ on two different varieties of turmeric plants, ‘Surat Thani’ (‘URT’; high curcuminoids >5% w/w) and ‘Pichit’ (‘PJT’; low curcuminoids <3% w/w). Pseudostem height of cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ was significantly decreased by 14.82% over control, whereas it was unchanged in cv. ‘URT’. Interestingly, leaf greenness (SPAD value), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in cv. ‘PJT’ declined by 38.58% (340 µM PBZ) over control, as a result of low levels of total soluble sugars (TSS; 127.8 mg g-1 DW) in turmeric rhizome. A positive relation between photosynthetic abilities and aerial fresh weight was demonstrated. In addition, a negative relationship between TSS and total curcuminoids was evidently found (R2 = 0.4524). Curcuminoids yield in turmeric rhizomes significantly dropped, depending on the degree of exogenous foliar PBZ applications. In summary, cv. PJT was found to be very sensitive to PBZ application, whereas rhizome yield and growth traits and high amount of curcuminoids were retained in cv. ‘URT’. Plant growth retention in turmeric cv. ‘URT’ using 170 mM PBZ foliar spray without negative effects on rhizome biomass and total curcuminoids content was demonstrated
Climate changes in recent decades, the evolution of the drought phenomenon and the impact on vineyards in North-eastern Romania
No full textUnfavourable trends have been identified in the evolution of climate factors (temperatures, precipitation, etc.) over the past years, with a direct impact on the vegetative and productive potential of the vine. This calls for a reassessment of climate resources and the adaptation of cultivation technologies to the new conditions. Our paper analyses the climate data recorded between 1991 and 2020 for the Iaşi vineyard ecosystem, which allowed for the calculation of a series of bioclimatic indices and coefficients, deviations from the multiannual average values, soil moisture dynamics, and their influence on development of vegetation phenophases and grape production. The increasing tendency of the average annual temperature and the decreasing amounts of precipitation registered point to a marked warming of the vineyard climate, especially after 2000. The high values of temperatures, corroborated with the soil water deficit, determined an intensification of the atmospheric and pedological drought, a shift in vegetation phenophases, shortened development periods and a forced ripening of grapes, with a negative impact on yields, which fluctuated from one year to another. The analysis of the ecoclimate conditions over the past 30 years has highlighted an alternation of periods, a colder and wetter one between 1991 and 2006, and a warmer and dried one between 2007 and 2020
Potential role of L-glutamic acid in mitigating cadmium toxicity in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) through modulating the antioxidant defence system and nutrient homeostasis
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49412485
Using phosphate fertilizers and wastewater as a source of irrigation and residuals from industries have considerably increased the level of cadmium (Cd) in soil which severely reduced the growth and yield of crop. L-glutamic acid (L-Glu), an amino acid, plays key roles in plant stress tolerance. Hence, the current study was conducted to determine the potential role of L-Glu pre-treatment in alleviating Cd-induced toxicity in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Lentil seedlings were exposed to two doses of Cd (1 and 2 mM CdCl2) with or without 10 mM L-Glu pre-treatment. The results suggested that a high dose of Cd negatively affected the shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids). Furthermore, Cd stress induced severe oxidative damage, a reduction in catalase (CAT) activity and ascorbate (AsA) content, and accumulation of Cd in both the roots and shoots. Adding L-Glu protected the photosynthetic pigments of the lentil seedlings and thus improved the growth of the seedlings. In addition, L-Glu pre-treatment enhanced the ascorbate (AsA) content; increased the activity of enzymes such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione peroxidase. L-Glu was also reduced Cd uptake and translocation, which in turn alleviated the oxidative damage in the Cd-stressed seedlings indicated the potential role of this chemical. Results suggest that pre-treatment with L-Glu reduces Cd toxicity in lentil seedlings by inhibiting Cd accumulation and by reducing oxidative damage
Phosphorus-induced change in root hair growth is associated with IAA accumulation in walnut
No full text DOI: 10.15835/nbha49412504
Walnut, an important non-wood product forest tree, has free root hairs in orchards. Root hairs are specialized cells originating from the root epidermis that are regulated by plant hormones, such as auxins. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and mechanism of phosphorus stress on root hair growth of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedings by auxin (IAA) biosynthesis and transport. Both low phosphorus (LP) and no phosphorus stresses (NP) heavily decreased plant height, leaf number, total root length, root surface, shoot and root biomass, and root nutrient contents. The LP treatment significantly increased root hair growth, accompanied with up-regulation of the positive regulation root hair growth gene JrCPC and down-regulation of the negative regulation root hair growth gene JrTTG1, while the NP treatment had opposite effects. The root IAA level, IAAO activities, IAA transport genes (JrAUX1, JrLAX1, and JrPIN1), and the biosynthesis genes (JrTAA1 and JrTAR1) were increased by the LP treatment, while the NP treatment decreased all of them. Interestingly, the auxin biosynthesis gene CsYUCCA1 was not affected, which suggested that P mainly affects root hair growth of walnut by regulating auxin transport, and then affects root nutrient absorption and plant growth
A comparative study of the fertility in di-and tetraploid red clover of Transylvania
No full textData on the fertility potential and the selfcompatibility degree of di-and tetraploids are presented undercross and self-, free-and artificial pollination conditions in certain developmental stages to 30 days after pollination
Morpho-physiological and phytochemical responses of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to toxic heavy metal cadmium
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49411902
Cadmium (Cd) is a particularly noteworthy metal that may change the secondary metabolism efficacy of pharmaceutical valuable plants. This study aimed to explore the influence of Cd (0, 25, 75, 100, and 150 µM) on the morpho-physiological traits, mineral contents, essential oil composition, and morphology of secretory glands in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The exposure to Cd reduced significantly shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root lengths, total chlorophyll, number, and length of secretory gland compared to control plants, while increased peroxidase activity, proline content, and number of stomata. Essential oil compositions were varied in the Cd-treated plants in a dose-dependent manner. The main compounds of the essential oil were Estragole followed by Linalool and Geranial which the highest percentages were observed in the plants treated with Cd 150 µM. The Cd-treated plants exhibited reductions in calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) concentrations in both leaves and roots. Cd contents in roots and shoots progressively enhanced with increasing Cd concentrations In general, basil showed good tolerance to Cd stress, so that 50% reduction in shoot dry weight occurred in above 100 μm treatments, which can be related to physiological reactions such as increased antioxidant activity, proline content, number of leaves stomata, and changes in other morpho-physiological factors
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) responses to drought stress and foliar application of Zn-nano fertilizer and humic acid: grain yield, oil content, antioxidant activity, and photosynthetic pigments
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49412003
Castor bean is considered as an important non-edible oilseed crop and source of castor oil, which has many applications ranging from cosmetics to the biofuels industry. Humic acid (HA) results from organic matter decomposition and is beneficial to plant growth and development. In the present study, a two-year experiment was conducted in Damghan, Iran, to study the physiological responses of castor bean to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate (Zn-nano) and HA under drought stress. The drought stress was used as the main treatment in three levels: normal irrigation as control, irrigation up to 75 BBCH scale (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) (mild stress), and irrigation up to 65 BBCH (severe stress). Foliar application of HA in three levels (non-application, application of the recommended rate and two times more than the recommended rate), as well as Zn-nano fertilizer in two levels (application at 1.5 part per thousand (ppt) and non-application) as subplots. The drought stress, HA, and Zn-nano fertilizer could significantly affect the number of capsules, the number of seeds, 100-seed weight, seed yield, oil yield, protein percentage and yield, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), and chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and total chlorophyll (total Chl) contents. In addition, severe drought stress resulted in reducing the number of capsules (33.9%), the number of seeds (32.7%), 100-grain weight (16.0%), as well as seed (43.0%), oil (59.3%), and protein (29.9%) yield. Based on the results, the highest yield components, oil and protein contents, and photosynthetic pigments were achieved in the foliar application of HA (recommended rate) and Zn-nano fertilizers under normal irrigation during the second year. Further, the foliar application of Zn-nano fertilizer led to a decrease in the activities of CAT, SOD, and POD enzymes. According to partial regression analysis, the recommended rate of HA application the changed the nature of relationships governing the characteristics, especially under drought stress conditions. Finally, the foliar application of HA (recommended rate) and Zn-nano fertilizers could create an excellent resistance to drought stress in castor under dry and semi-arid climate conditions by improving yield and yield components and physiological traits
Physical and chemical properties, pectinases activity, and cell wall pectin of Acidulus, Momordica, Inodorus and Cantalupensis melons with different ripening degree at harvest
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the physical and chemical changes, pectinases activity, and cell wall pectin in melon varieties Acidulus (access 16), Momordica (access 2), Inodorus (cv. ‘Iracema’) and Cantalupensis (cv. ‘Olympic’), in the relation of ripening degree at harvest. Melon fruits were planted and evaluated with different ripening degree at harvest, from 15 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA). The fruits, arranged in a completely randomized design, had been evaluated on the harvest days to physical and chemical characteristics. We evaluate pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, beta-galactosidase, and pectin contents (water-soluble, chelate soluble, and sodium carbonate soluble). The ideal harvest for each melon was, 35 days after anthesis for cv ‘Iracema’, 30 days after anthesis for cv. ‘Olympic’, 30 days after anthesis for access 16, and 20 days after anthesis for access 2. High pulp firmness of access 16 is associated with the high levels of sodium carbonate soluble pectin and low levels of polygalacturonase and beta-galactosidase activity. Momordica melon fruit cracking is related to the high levels of pectinases activity, as well as pectin degradation