Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Water content, carbohydrate accumulation, and secondary metabolites in Allium victorialis sprouts exposed to shoot cutting in varied irradiations
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49412524
Victory onion (Allium victorialis) is an edible vegetation that has significant value as a non-structural carbohydrate and secondary metabolite supplier. Easily measured leaf variables will be useful to predict for the flexible adjustment of physiochemical parameters in a cultural regime in plant factory conditions. Red, green, and blue light-emitting diode (LED) spectra were used to culture victory onion sprouts. Compared to the green-light spectrum, the red-light spectrum promoted leaf width and area, specific leaf area, and dry mass, water content, fine root growth, and starch accumulation in shoots, but lowered concentrations of total flavonoids and saponins. Sprouts had their shoots cut, but there were limited interactive effects with light spectra on most variables. In general, shoot-cutting depressed growth of leaf morphology, shoot weight, water content, and soluble sugar content, but enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites. We did not find any relationship between leaf variables and secondary metabolites. Instead, wider leaves with a larger area generally had greater dry mass, water content, and soluble sugar accumulation. Leaves with deeper green colours generally had the opposite effects
The productivity and fodder value of some perennial graminaceae species. Part I. Biological studies over a Poland assortiment
No full textErtragsfahigkeit und Futterwert einiger Grasersorten. Teil I., Biologische Untersuchungen an einem aus Polen stammenden Grasersortiment 55-60 Die Verfasser untersuchten ein aus 9 Arten und 65 Sorten bestehendes Grasersortiment aus Polen. Bei den in den Jahren 1969 und 1970 durchgefuhrten Felduntersuchungen wurde festgestellt, dass zwischen den 9 Arten grosse Unterschiede bezuglich der Wuchshohe, dem Ertrag von Grunmasse und Heu auftreten, wahrend die Sorten derselben Art eine kleinere variabilitat aufweisen, vor allem was den ertrag anbetrifft. Die Untersuchungen von Mehrjahrigkeit, Ertragsfahigkeit und anderen Eigenschaften ermoglichen die Selektion von Arten und Sorten, deren Anbau in unsren Bedingungen lohnend ist und zur Bildung eines grunen Fliessbandes aus mehrjahringen Grasern beitragt
Antioxidants in processed fruit, essential oil, and seed oils of feijoa
Get PDFThe degradation of nutraceutical properties during processing of the fruits of feijoa (Acca sellowiana), and the characterization of seed oils, and volatile compounds were evaluated. In feijoa fruit dehydrated by a standard convective air process, the total phenols and total flavonoids declined 42%, and the antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP declined 26% with respect to lyophilized fruit. In feijoa jam, the reduction of total phenols and flavonoids was 52%, and the reduction in antioxidant capacity was 72%. Vitamin C in the jam was also reduced by the processing. Feijoa seeds had 69.4% unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic (46.2%) and linolenic (3.7%) acids. Behenic acid was also detected in the seeds but in small amounts (0.91%). The feijoa skin had 31 volatile compounds in two orchards with different climate, one in a tropical highland and the other in a temperate zone. The extraction yield was on average 0.45%. The major compounds in the essential oil of the feijoa skin were 3-hexen-1-yl benzoate, elixene, spathulenol, D-germacrene and alpha-cadinol. In general, the concentration of volatile oils was higher in the temperate zone
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) germination indices and physiological properties affected by priming and genotype under salinity stress
Get PDFSeed priming has proved to be an effective method in imparting stress tolerance to plants using natural and/or synthetic compounds to treat the seeds before germination. The present study was designed to investigate the physiological mechanism of seed priming with ZnSO4 (osmopriming) and distilled water (hydropriming) on sugar beet genotypes (‘Shokofa’, ‘Sina’, ‘Paya’, ‘Turbata’, and ‘Aria’) germination indices, seedling growth parameters, and biochemical properties under salinity stress (0, 2, 5, and 12 dS/m NaCl). A significant reduction in germination percentage (33.23%), germination rate (77.2%), chlorophyll a, b, and total contents (43.9, 31.9, and 39.9%, respectively) while, a significant increase in radical, plumule, and seedling length (57.1, 44.4, and 51.2%, respectively), seedling vigour index (48.9%), superoxide dismutase activity (61.3%), proline (54.0%) and sugar (56.3%) contents were achieved at 12 dS/m NaCl in compared to the control treatment. Seed hydropriming and osmopriming caused significant improvements in photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content reflected in high germination percentage and rate as well as seedling vigour index and reduced mean germination time under salinity. ‘Paya’ and ‘Aria’ genotypes had a superiority according to the germination percentage and seedling vigour index, respectively. The hydropriming of ‘Paya’ genotype resulted in the highest germination percentage (95%) under high level of salinity (12 dS/m) which 11.84% increase compared to the control treatment. Hydropriming of ‘Sina’ seeds showed the highest chlorophyll a and total, and carotenoids under non-stress conditions (22.89, 31.65, and 2116.6 µg/g FW). Also, hydropriming by increases chlorophyll b content led to the modulation of the negative effects of high salinity stress (12 dS/m). In conclusion, different seed priming treatments in sugar beet seeds improved the salinity tolerance by physiological characteristics nonetheless hydropriming was the most effective treatment to get higher germination indices in ‘Paya’ and ‘Aria’ genotypes
Biofortification potential in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and physicochemical properties of 155 varieties grown in México
Get PDFCommon bean has been classified as an almost perfect food due to its high content of fiber, protein and bioactive compounds and its high antioxidant capacity, which has been attributed to having prevent diabetes, oxidative stress, bowel inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this research work was to characterize the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of 155 varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) produced in Mexico with potential to be biofortified. The contents of protein, fiber, fat, carbohydrates and energy were analyzed by the methods established by the AOAC, in addition the antioxidant capacity (DPPH), the content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phytic acid were obtained. Cluster, correlation, and principal component analysis were conducted. A total of 14 outstanding varieties was identified, where four varieties stood out about phenol and flavonoid content. A second group comprised by 10 varieties had high protein and anthocyanin levels and showed the second highest content of phenols and flavonoids. The diversity of beans obtained in outstanding varieties provides options for biofortification programs based on the consumption or place of origin of each variety
Spermidine priming promotes germination of deteriorated seeds and reduced salt stressed damage in rice seedlings
Get PDFDeterioration of seeds is an important problem leading to low germination and uneven crop establishment causing poor crop growth and productivity. Soil salinity is another factor limiting crop cultivation. Spermidine (Spd) is a compound widely reported for diminishing adverse effects of salt stress in plants. In this study, the effects of Spd priming on normal and deteriorated rice seeds were investigated under salt stress during germination and young seedling stages. Rice seeds were primed with H2O and Spd solutions for 24 h before germination. All rice seeds were grown in Petri dishes containing 5 ml of deionized water with 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl (salt treatment) for 1-10 d. The results showed that priming groups had higher germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI) in both normal and deteriorated seeds. Moreover, deteriorated seeds primed with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM Spd showed significantly higher GP and GI than H2O-primed and non-primed seeds. During early hours of hydration, Spd-primed seeds produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) faster and at higher level than non-priming and H2O priming groups in both control and saline conditions. Earlier accumulation of ROS was associated with more rapid germination. In young seedlings, salinity stress caused a marked decrease in growth and increased membrane damage indicated by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). Conversely, Spd priming increased growth and reduced membrane damage of rice seedlings established from normal and deteriorated seeds under salt stress. The finding suggested that Spd priming can effectively improve germination of deteriorated seeds and enhance seedling growth under control and salt stress conditions
Basal stem cluster bud induction and efficient regeneration for the Tibetan endemic medicinal plant Swertia conaensis
Get PDFThe artificial rapid propagation system for Swertia conaensis T. N. Ho et S. W. Liu was explored to screen the appropriate plant regeneration method and to provide an efficient propagation mode, useful for artificial breeding technology or for further research and development of the Tibetan endemic medicinal plant. In this study, the most suitable explant and hormone were chosen according to single factor test. Next, the effects of different hormone combinations on basal stem cluster bud induction, callus induction, adventitious bud occurrence and plant regeneration were investigated by using complete combination and orthogonal experiment. The obtained results showed that the explants suitable for in vitro of S. conaensis were stem tips with leaves, which were regenerated through the method of basal stem cluster bud occurrence in the MS medium with 2.0 mg∙L-1 6-BA, 0.5 mg∙L-1 NAA, but the proliferation coefficient was low, only 3.16 after 40 days of culture. Subsequently, the proliferation coefficient failed to improve, irrespective of change of the concentration ratio of 6-BA and NAA. Therefore, in the orthogonal experiment of adding ZT, the MS medium with 1.0 mg∙L-1 ZT, 0.5 mg∙L-1 NAA and 2.5 mg∙L-1 6-BA induced a large number of callus green and compact, with 86.30% callus occurrence rate. After 40 days of culture, the rate of adventitious bud occurrence was 96.55% and the proliferation coefficient was high (10.37). The rooting rate was 100% in the 1/2MS medium with 0.5 mg∙L-1 NAA. The survival rate of regenerated plants was more than 95%. Indirect organogenesis was more efficient than direct organogenesis in in vitro culture of S. conaensis. In this study, the efficient and stable regeneration system of S. conaensis was achieved through the method of explant to callus to adventitious buds, which provided an effective way to an endangered species
Comparison of photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of several submerged plants in Honghu Lake, China
Get PDFSubmerged plants are the pioneer species of eutrophic water remediation, and they are important for maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystem, while light is the main limiting factor for the growth of submerged plants. In this study, we measured the maximal quantum yields of photosystemⅡ(Fv/Fm) and rapid light curves (RLCs) of five dominant submerged macrophytes in situ by using pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer (Diving-PAM). Results revealed that P. crispus L. and M. verticillatum L. had the highest Fv/Fm value, all species’ Fv/Fm are less than 0.8. In addition, the variation trends of Fv'/Fm' and Fv/Fm were same. All species showed statistically significant differences in α, while P. crispus L. and M. verticillatum L. showed the highest α value in the five species. And the variation trends of rETRm and Ek were basically the same. It indicated that P. crispus L. and M. verticillatum L., both of which had high photosynthetic efficiency, had excellent ability to withstand hard light. Compared five species, P. crispus L. and M. verticillatum L. had resistance capacity to hard light as well as faster photosynthetic rate, and V. natans (Lour.) Hara had higher resistance capacity to low light. Thus, when submerged plants are used for water restoration, V. natans (Lour.) Hara could be regarded as a pioneer species in eutrophication water restoration. P. crispus L. and M. verticillatum L. will have better effects when used in shallow water areas
Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of WD40 genes, as well as their tissue-specific expression profiles and responses to heat stress in Dimocarpus longan Lour.
Get PDFThe WD40 transcription factor (TF) family is widespread in plants and plays important roles in plant growth and development, transcriptional regulation, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. WD40 TFs have been identified and characterized in a diverse series of plant species. However, little information is available on WD40 genes from D. longan. In this study, a total of 45 DlWD40 genes were identified from D. longan RNA-Seq data, and further analysed by bioinformatics tools. Also, the expression patterns of DlWD40 genes in roots and leaves, as well as responses to heat stress, were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We found that the 45 DlWD40 proteins, together with 80 WD40 proteins from Arabidopsis and Zea mays, could be categorized into six groups. Of these, the DlWD40-4 protein was highly homologous to Arabidopsis WDR5a, a protein participating in tolerance to abiotic stresses. Moreover, a total of 25 cis-acting elements, such as abiotic stress and flavonoid biosynthesis elements, were found in the promoters of DlWD40 genes. The DlWD40-33 gene is targeted by miR3627, which has been proposed to be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Using qRT-PCR, ten of the 45 DlWD40 genes were demonstrated to have diverse expression patterns between roots and leaves, and these ten DlWD40 genes could also respond to varying durations of a 38 °C heat stress in roots and leaves. The results reported here will provide a basis for the further functional verification of DlWD40 genes in D. longan
Germination and growth of radish under influence of nipplewort aqueous extracts
Get PDFThe conducted experiment was aimed at determining the effect of aqueous extracts from dry roots and shoots of common weed nipplewort (Lapsana communis L. subsp. communis) on seeds germination and early growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers.), cultivars ‘Rowa’, ‘Krakowianka’, ‘Półdługa’. The experiment was carried out in the form of Petri dishes tests with 3 different percentage concentrations of extracts (1%, 3% and 5%, respectively). The germination indexes used here revealed that the germination capacity of the radish seeds was significantly inhibited by extracts from the roots and shoots of L. communis subsp. communis. The elongation growth of radish roots and hypocotyls was stimulated to a higher percentage by extracts from nipplewort roots than by extracts from shoots. The fresh and dry mass of the radish seedlings depended on the type (roots/shoots) and concentration of the extract as well as the radish cultivar. The electrolyte leakage was the highest in seedlings watered with 5% extract of nipplewort shoots. The cultivar most sensitive to nipplewort extracts turned out to be ‘Półdługa’, and the least sensitive was ‘Rowa’. The response of radish seeds to nipplewort extracts is probably due to the presence of allelochemical compounds and their synergistic interaction