Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Beneficial microorganisms enhance the growth of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under greenhouse conditions
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49412452
The integration of healthy management alternatives continues to be a challenge in the organic production of aromatic and medicinal plants, including of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three beneficial microorganisms (1) Trichoderma harzianum (TH), (2) Bacillus subtilis (BS), (3) Glomus cubense (GC) and their combinations on the growth of basil. A completely randomised design was used with a control and seven treatments with six repetitions. The control (1) was with no microorganism inoculation and the seven treatments were inoculations with the single or the combined microorganisms as follows: (2) TH, (3) BS, (4) GC, (5) TH+BS, (6) TH+GC, (7) BS+GC and (8) TH+BS+GC. Three harvests of fresh biomass were made and a number of growth variables were recorded: fresh and dry biomass, leaf area, number of commercial stems, stem length and thickness, Leaf length and width, relative chlorophyll concentration (SPAD readings) and the levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Overall growth increased by 58% with TH+GC compared with the control and by 55% compared with the single inoculations (TH, BS and GC) and with the triple inoculation (TH+BS+GC). A growth increase of 51% was obtained with BS+GC compared with the control and of 38% compared with the other treatments. These results indicate co-inoculation of TH+GC or of BS+GC are useful alternative managements to increase greenhouse production of basil
Assessment of cold stress tolerance in maize through quantitative trait locus, genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis
No full textDOI: 10.15835/nbha49412525
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has become a widely accepted strategy for decoding genotype phenotype associations in many species thanks to advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Maize is an ideal crop for GWAS and significant progress has been made in the last decade. This review summarizes current GWAS efforts in maize functional genomics research and discusses future prospects in the omics era. The general goal of GWAS is to link genotypic variations to corresponding differences in phenotype using the most appropriate statistical model in a given population. The current review also presents perspectives for optimizing GWAS design and analysis. GWAS analysis of data from RNA, protein, and metabolite-based omics studies is discussed, along with new models and new population designs that will identify causes of phenotypic variation that have been hidden to date. The detailed that low temperature in maize seedlings altogether restricts germination and seedlings' development and destabilizes the cancer prevention agent safeguard component. Cold pressure adversely influences root morphology, photosystem II (PS II) effectiveness, chlorophyll substance, and leaf region. A short scene of low temperature stress (for example, under 10 °C for 7 days) during the V6–V9 maize development stages can fundamentally defer the anthesis commencement. Among the morphological reactions by focused on maize plants, low temperature stress causes strange tuft development in maize, along these lines influencing the fertilization and grain filling measures. Hence, problematic temperatures can cause a genuine yield decrease if happening at basic conceptive stages, as plants allocate over half of their photosynthesis to foster grains during this stage until physiological development. Low temperature stress fundamentally diminishes the plant stature and absolute yield biomass of maize. Leaf improvement turns out to be delayed in chilly focused on plants because of a drawn-out cell cycle and diminished pace of mitosis. The joint and continuous efforts of the whole community will enhance our understanding of maize quantitative traits and boost crop molecular breeding designs
Effect of salinity and drought stress on morphological and biochemical properties of two Iranian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) populations
Get PDFIn this study, micro propagation of two Iranian fenugreek populations and their morphological and biochemical responses to salinity and drought stresses in in vitro culture condition were conducted using factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in three replications. Different explant type (terminal bud, cotyledon and epicotyledon explant) were cultured in MS medium contain different concentration of plant growth regulators such as kin (0, 0.5 and 1 mg / l) and 2,4-D (0.5, 1 and 2 mg / l). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l kinetin and 2 mg/l 2,4-D showed the highest callus proliferation rate per explants in both populations. The highest amount of callus volume was obtained from the explants of the terminal bud. Proliferated calli from terminal bud explant were green and yellowish, from cotyledon were yellowish to white with soft texture, and the cotyledons were greenish and compact. The results of salinity stresses with different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 70 and 120 mM) and drought stress with polyethylene glycol (0, 5 and 10%) showed that both stresses decreased callus growth and increased total protein, proline, catalase, peroxidase and trigonelin content in both populations. Trigonelin measurement showed that ‘Borazjan’ papulation had higher trigonelin content, in vitro, than ‘Ardestan’ papulation. 
Seasonal variation of fatty and essential oil in terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) fruit
Get PDFA member of Anacardiaceae family, terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) is a perennial tree that is evergreen. Terebinth is spread on a very wide area in Turkey, from the Mediterranean costs to South-Eastern Anatolia. In the present study, to determine seasonal variation of fatty oil and essential oil in terebinth fruits, harvests were made when the fruit colour was Green (GF), Red (RF), Red-Black (RBF) and Black (BF). Upon ripening, fatty oil rate in the fruit raised from 13.40% to 37.08%, while essential oil rate reduced from 0.116% to 0.082%. In all growth periods, oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids made-up the main composition of the oil, and through growth there was increase in the amounts of oleic and palmitic oil acids while a decrease was reported in linoleic acid rate. In terms of essential oil compounds, α- pinene, limonene, p-cymen-8-ol and p-anisaldehyde composed the main compounds, the highest α- pinene rate was observed during BF period as 37.23%, the highest limonene rate was observed during RBF period as 22.01%, while the highest p-cymen-8-ol and panisaldehyde rates have been observed during the GF harvest period by 11.29% and 7.25%, respectively. In conclusion is that the fruit should be harvested during the black fruit colour, when the fruit is fully ripened, in order to get a good quality fruit and aroma and people picking the fruit from nature should be trained about this
Characterization the coding and non-coding RNA components in the transcriptome of invasion weed Alternanthera philoxeroides
Get PDFAlternanthera philoxeroides is a notorious invasive weed worldwide, but it still lacks a genome information currently. In this study, we collected 4 groups of A. philoxeroides Illumina RNA-seq data (62.5 Gb) and performed a comprehensive de novo assembling. Totally, 421,372 unigenes were obtained with a total length of 230,842,460 bp, with 43,430 (10.31%) unigenes longer than 1000 bp. Then 119,222 (28.3%) unigenes were functional annotated and 235,885 (56.0%) were grouped into reliable lncRNAs reservoir. Besides, 534 tRNA and 234 rRNAs were identified in assembly sequences. Additionally, 131,624 microsatellites were characterized in 106,761 sequences. Then SSR primers were developed for the amplification of 40,752 microsatellites in 36,329 sequences. The miRNAs are key post-transcriptional regulators, about 86 candidate miRNA sequences were detected from A. philoxeroides assembly, and miRNA target genes prediction revealed possible functions of them in growth and development as well as stress responding processes. These results provide a vital basis for sequence-based studies of A. philoxeroides in the future, especially gene function analysis
Exponential fertilization on red-seed tree (Ormosia hosiei) seedlings subjected to contrasting light conditions: Do we really need intensive nutrient loading?
Get PDFExponential fertilization (EF) can feed seedlings with more nutrients than needed for growth and continuous lighting is expected to reduce the risk of loading at high application rate. In this study, red-seed tree (Ormosia hosiei Hemsley & E. H. Wilson) seedlings were raised by EF at a low rate of 160 mg nitrogen (N) plant-1 (conventional) (N-phosphorus [P]-potassium [K], 12-9-12) and a high rate of 600 mg N plant-1 (intensive), which was adapted from previous studies with large-pot-seedlings. Both fertilizer regimes were nested to either of two light spectra from high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diode (LED) sources with three replicates for each combined treatment. Seedlings subjected to the conventional regime in the LED spectrum showed better growth and greater biomass accumulation with higher leaf N and P contents than other ones. In the conventional fertilizer regime, the LED spectrum also resulted in higher photosynthesis shown by more pigments and higher N synthesis than the HPS spectrum. The HPS spectrum strengthened P synthesis in the intensive regime. The antioxidative activity was stimulated by a high dose of EF, hence excessive toxicity was likely induced. We recommend using the normal rate of 160 mg N plant-1 for the culture of red-seed tree seedlings with LED lighting to promote seedling quality without causing excessive nutrient toxicity
Molecular weight and concentration of chitosan affect plant development and phenolic substance pattern in arugula
Get PDFThe present research reports the role of chitosan’s molecular weight (1, 10, and 100 kDa) on the differentiation of its effects on arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa) cultivation in a controlled environment. The leaves' phenolic substance pattern from the plants treated with the chitosan variant that gave the best developmental results was analyzed through a reversed-phase HPLC. The leaf production was enhanced after 10 kDa chitosan treatment at 5 mg L-1, while the leaf area expansion was significantly improved after 1 and 100 kDa chitosan at 20 mg L-1 and 10 kDa chitosan at 5 mg L-1. The plant's rhizogenic development was restricted after all chitosan treatments regardless of their molecular weight and concentration. The contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids increased after the treatments; however, chlorophyll a content was not significantly affected by the treatments and remained unchanged. The chromatographic analysis showed that 10 kDa chitosan treatment at 5 mg L-1 increased gallic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid contents and made significant changes in the individual phenolic substance pattern. The current study indicated that direct application of chitosan to soil restricts root production in arugula but enhances foliar growth, which is beneficial to producers. On the other hand, constant- or over-treatment with chitosan could inhibit root growth and further lead to developmental deficiencies sourced by nutrient uptake disorders. The use of chitosan as an organic and natural biostimulant in controlled-environment agriculture could be a better option than synthetic growth stimulants
Novel sources of resistance to powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud) in pepper
Get PDFPeppers, a worldwide crop, are threatened by different pathogens. Powdery mildew, a biotroph fungal infection, can cause several damages directly on vegetative parts and indirectly on fruits. Despite some sources of resistance have been described, commercial genotypes only with partial resistance have been developed due to the complex nature of such resistance and variable genetic expression, which depends on the stage of the plants. In this paper 49 accessions from different Capsicum species and origins have been tested. Plants were grown in growth chambers inside of mini greenhouses. Repeated inoculations under pepper leaves were applied by spraying a suspension of 104 conidia ml-1. Readings were made at 30 and 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Total number of leaves (TL), total number of affected leaves (LA), and maximum area affected (MAA) in the most damaged leaf were scored. In addition, a composite infection index (CII) was calculated on the basis of the three mentioned traits. Inoculated plants showed more severe symptoms at 30 DAI than at 60 DAI. Different response patterns were observed: from accessions suffering high leaf shedding to some others with local hypersensitive response, indicating different gene action. The use of CII prevented species bias and disease response. In the present work, four highly tolerant accessions were identified, including two chiltepins, C. annuum wild relatives, Ag-01 and Ag-02, and two C. annuum A-06 and A-23
Biochemical changes in two Aronia melanocarpa cultivars’ berries during the harvest season
Get PDFBiochemical changes that undergo during the harvest season in 2020 (between 28 July and 11 September) were evaluated by a comparative study of two Aronia cultivars. The experiment was conducted at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Arges County, Romania, on ‘Melrom’ and ‘Nero’ cultivars. Dry matter, total soluble content, pH, vitamin C, and biologically active components such as anthocyanins and phenolics variations were assessed from 28 July to 11 September 2020, for berries harvested every five days. ‘Melrom’ cultivar berries had significantly higher dry weight content, 251.43 g kg-1. ‘Nero’ showed a significantly higher vitamin C (1.87 g /kg-1 DW), total anthocyanins content (29.71 g cyanidin 3 – glucoside kg-1 DW), and juice pH (3.87). As harvest time main effect over the two cultivars taken together, dry weight, anthocyanins, total soluble content, and juice pH content increased significantly during the harvest season with 43.32%, 54.10%, 36.33%, and 17.98%, respectively, whereas significant losses of vitamin C, by 26.21%, and total phenolics compounds, by 27.90%, were recorded. Overall, early harvested fruits contained higher levels of moisture, vitamin C, and phenolics compounds, although the last crops provided less acidic fruits, with higher total soluble solids and anthocyanins content
Automatic particle detectors lead to a new generation in plant diversity investigation
Get PDFTechnological progress in modern scientific development generates opportunities that create new ways to learn more about objects and systems of nature. An important indicator in choosing research methods is not only accuracy but also the time and human resources required to achieve results. This research demonstrates the possibilities of using an automatic particle detector that works based on scattered light pattern and laser-induced fluorescence for plant biodiversity investigation. Airborne pollen data were collected by two different devices, and results were analysed in light of the application for plant biodiversity observation. This paper explained the possibility to gain knowledge with a new type of method that would enable biodiversity monitoring programs to be extended to include information on the diversity of airborne particles of biological origin. It was revealed that plant conservation could be complemented by new tools to test the effectiveness of management plans and optimise mitigation measures to reduce impacts on biodiversity