Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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GIS based soil erosion assessment using the USLE model for efficient land management: A case study in an area with diverse pedo-geomorphological and bioclimatic characteristics
Get PDFThe complex environmental process of soil erosion is crucial to sustainable land management and conservation. This study uses the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model to understand the intricate interactions that cause soil erosion in Cluj County, Romania, a region susceptible to complex erosion and landslide phenomenon. The established analysis depicts erosion patterns from localised hotspots to regions of relative stability, providing valuable insights into this critical issue. Spatial distribution maps with color-coded gradients show soil erosion risk and identify vulnerable regions, with temporal investigations depicting how environmental changes affect soil erosion, making it relevant to soil conservation and land management. A careful analysis of the USLE model's parameters (Ls, Cs, C, S, K) shows their soil erosion contributions. The erosion rates were graded in five classes in accordance to general practices of USLE modelling, which range from very-low, low, moderate, high and very-high susceptibility to soil erosion. While a significant majority of the county’s surface is represented by very-low and low erosion risk, several hotspots were identified with intense erosion processes that highlights the critical need to implement soil conservation measures in the area. Identifying erosion hotspots and conservation solutions encourages stakeholders to protect soils, and can provide policymakers with useful information for developing improved guidelines for soil and water conservation
Discrete nutrient utilizations in two Bauhinia species exposed to supplemental light-emitting diode spectra and exponential fertilization
Get PDFBauhinia is a widely planted urban tree plant in tropical cities, which are frequently dwelling in a habitat exposed to inevitable streetlamp lighting. It is of practical meaning to figure out the lighting spectra that benefit nutrient utilization in corporation with a proper exponential fertilization regime. In this study, Bauhinia brachycarpa and B. variegata seedlings were cultured with exponential fertilization at the rate of 80 mg nitrogen (N) plant-1 (N-phosphorus-potassium, 10-7-9) with an unfertilized control, and both were exposed to light-emitting diode spectra of R1BG5 (13.9% red, 77.0% green, 9.2% blue), R2BG3 (26.2% red, 70.2% green, 3.5% blue), and R3BG1 (42.3% red, 57.3% green, 0.4% blue). The R3BG1 spectrum resulted in smaller growing size and dry mass but higher nutrient concentration and root water content compared to the other two spectra. Exponential fertilization increased fresh mass for two Bauhinia species but only increased dry mass in B. brachycarpa. Compared to B. variegata, B. brachycarpa was verified to have a higher capacity to accommodate exogeneous nutrient input through exponential fertilization. The R3BG1 spectrum was recommended for the illumination in streetlamps for Bauhinia because this spectrum can promote nutrient uptake without too fast rate of growth relative to other spectra with lower red-light proportions
Improving quality parameters of spinach by adjusting light spectra under moderate water deprivation conditions
Get PDFSpinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a highly valuable leafy vegetable, abundant in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, offering various health benefits such as enhancing cardiovascular health, reducing inflammation, and aiding digestion. Consequently, it is crucial to effectively cultivate and maintain spinach's quality. Light plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of plants, including spinach, where different light qualities can influence its morpho-physiological traits and overall quality. To explore this, an experiment was conducted, using three distinct LED lighting sets for spinach cultivation. Light 1 emphasized blue light, Light 2 served as the standard white light control, and Light 3 focused more on red light with occasional brief UV-C flashes. Additionally, mild water deprivation was induced using 2.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results revealed that using a high red-to-blue light ratio with intermittent UV-C radiation significantly reduced various growth parameters of spinach, such as root length, shoot length, root volume, fresh and dry root and shoot weight, as well as total and relative chlorophyll contents, when compared to the control group. Furthermore, water deprivation had a negative impact on spinach's growth, affecting shoot and root length, and fresh and dry weight in all light qualities, proving to be fatal under Light 3 conditions. Therefore, it is essential to carefully select appropriate light qualities throughout the plant's life cycle to enhance the quality of spinach, especially when mild water deprivation is involved. Opting for a higher blue-to-red light ratio was found to be somewhat beneficial in improving the overall quality of spinach
Genetic diversity and population structure of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) variants from Antalya province, Turkey
Get PDFIn this study, bioinformatic analyses were carried out according to the fully coded CP and MP gene regions of the agent, using six novel tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) variants obtained from the production greenhouses in Antalya, where the infection was first detected in Turkey and global variants. Molecular evolutionary analyses using both CP and MP gene regions showed that all variants were distributed in three major clades. Population dynamics studies for both gene regions have shown that there was very low nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity. The low haplotype diversity for the CP and MP genes indicated almost no recombination status. A strong negative selection was determined for CP and MP gene regions, dN/dS= 0.0877 and dN/dS=0.2104, respectively. Neutrality test results revealed that ToBRFV populations are in an expansion phase. Pairwise comparisons were performed between populations separated in the geographic hierarchy as American, European, and Asian variants, and the findings showed intense gene flow and high genetic similarity (FST<0,33 and migration rate >1). The results of this study reveal the recent population structure of the virus and suggest that necessary precautions should be taken in the international seed trade against contaminated seeds
Impact of biostimulants based amino acids and irrigation frequency on agro-physiological characteristics and productivity of broccoli plants
Get PDFAbstract scientists are concerned about the utilizing of biostimulants-based amino acids in plant feeding and mitigating negative effects of water stress. As a result, two-year field experiments were conducted at Faculty of Agriculture's experimental station at Cairo University to study the effectiveness of liquid yeast waste (CMS) and Cargo amino acids (AAs) on the agro-physiological features of broccoli plants with different irrigation frequencies (every 5, 10, and 15 days). Compared with control plants, the foliar application of AAs and CMS significantly increased plant height, photosynthesis pigments, head weight, head diameter, head height, plant yield, and quality at different irrigation frequencies. Likewise, both treatments (CMS and AAs) significantly improved ascorbic acids by 16.65% and 15.95% and increased total phenol content by 24.10% and 36.60%, respectively, compared to control plants. Accordingly, the highest productivity was achieved for broccoli grown under irrigation every five days with the CMS bio-stimulant, where it was 3111.17 kg ha-1, while the lowest productivity was achieved for the control treatment in which no biostimulants were added and irrigation frequency every 15 days, and the productivity was 1376.22 kg ha-1. Plants irrigated every 15 days produced the highest levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), followed by plants irrigated every 10 days and every 5 days. Exogenous application of amino acids bio-stimulants could be suggested to improve vegetative growth, biochemical characteristics, productivity, and nutritional value as well as to mitigate negative effects of water scarcity.
Introduction pages, NBHA-CN 51(4), 2023
No full textThe papers published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Issue 4, Volume 51, 2023 represent new exciting research in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy, crop science, and forestry. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Role of silica nanoparticles in enhancing drought tolerance of cereal crops; The role of endophytes and rhizobacteria to combat drought stress in wheat; In vitro evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of Piper retrofractum on human cholangiocarcinoma cells; Hexane extract of Telosma cordata enhances neurite outgrowth via the epigenetically regulated genes expression in neuronal cells; Investigations on the chemical composition of volatile oils extracted from the leaves of spontaneous and cultivated Taxus baccata L. trees; The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on maize (Zea mays L.) under boron toxicity stress; Potential impact of iron oxide conjugated nano-fertilizer on growth, flowering and isozyme expression in Gardenia jasminoides; Water ecological requirements of Characeae taxa in eastern Spain; Agronomic biofortification with magnesium nanofertilizer and its effect on the nutritional quality of beans; ZnO nanoparticles improve bioactive compounds, enzymatic activity and zinc concentration in grapevine; Effect of mycorrhization on growth and physiology performance of Quercus species; Jointly soil properties affect N and P uptakes and utilizations in Pinus tabuliformis Carr. and Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. subjected to growing media with decomposed litter
Determining of the effects of paclobutrazol treatments on seedling height control of wild Gypsophila bicolor (Freyn & Sint.) Grossh
Get PDFWithin the scope of this study, seeds were collected from Gypsophila bicolor (Freyn&Sint.) Grossh plants in their natural environment and two different locations (Turkey). The research was carried out to determine the effects of paclobutrazol applied at different concentrations (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5- and 2.0-ml L-1) on the seedling height control in the cotyledon leaf stage of G. bicolor. As a result of the study, it was determined that the decrease in the number of leaves per plant was determined at a dose of 1.2 mg L-1 paclobutrazol. The effect of paclobutrazol treatments on the seedling height control of G. bicolor changed according to the genotype as well as the dose. As the dose of paclobutrazol applied increased, the number of side branches decreased. It was determined that the seedling stem thickness increased in 47.71% with the dose of 2.0 mg L-1 when compared to the control treatment. The application in which the highest chlorophyll (SPAD) value was obtained from the application with a dose of 1.5 mg L-1. The chlorophyll value of G2 (Genotype 2 (ERZ) (G2)) was higher than that of G1 (Genotype 1 (VAN)). Seedling biomass of G1 increased in 15.87% in 1.2 mg L-1 treatment when compared to control. In the present study, darker green leaves were obtained from the highest dose of paclobutrazol, 2.0 mg L-1. As a general result, it was concluded that 1.5 mg L-1 dose of paclobutrazol was sufficient for both genotypes for plant height control in the seedling period
In vitro regeneration from adult node explants of Juniperus oxycedrus
Get PDFIn the present study the in vitro propagation from adult native plants of Juniperus oxycedrus was investigated. The effect of seasonal explant collection (spring, summer, winter), in varying media and cytokinin type were examined. The decontamination process of explants taken in the summer was more efficient than that of the other seasons (57.3% of the explants survived). In the spring a low performance in shoot formation took place both on hormone free Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and Rugini Olive Medium (OM) or each containing 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 1.0 mg L-1 by which shoots did not elongate more than 0.5 cm. In the summer OM was used, and a higher in vitro performance was observed on medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP); the shoot formation percentage was 72.0%, and respectively 3.1 shoots, 1.4 cm in length, were formed. In the winter, the shoot formation percentage was 92.0-100.0%, and respectively 3.9 shoots of 0.4 cm length were formed on medium containing 1.0 mg L-1 2iP. The multiplication phase on cytokinin-containing media led to a satisfactory proliferation rate in terms of shoot formation percentage and shoot number. The higher shoot number (3.3) was recorded on media containing 2iP at 1.0 mg L-1, while the shoot length was longer (2.0) cm, on hormone-free media. Initiation of roots was not observed during the rooting phase on hormone-free half-strength OM, or supplemented with 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 IBA. Spontaneous rooting at a low percentage (10.0%) was observed on OM media supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 2iP and successful acclimatisation took place on a 1:1 (v/v) ratio of peat to perlite substrate
Conditions for making plant dispersions based on nature-like technologies
Get PDFAn objective of this study was to examine the possible use of sprouted grains of domestically selected legumes to produce dairy alternative products. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of the food properties of ‘Chishminskii 95’, ‘Chishminskii 229’, ‘Pamiati Hangildina’, ‘Iuldash’ pea varieties and ‘Nerussa’, ‘Lukeria’, ‘Omichka’ bean varieties of Russian selection. The work investigated the water absorption kinetics under different temperature conditions and established germination patterns for a model medium (drinking water treated with an electromagnetic field) being as follows: germination temperature is 18 ± 2 °C; the soaking period lasts from 5 to 8 hours (depending on the variety); the germination time from 0.54 - 0.62 to 0.70 - 0.81 days (depending on the variety). The work analyses their microstructure and changes in the germination process. The proteolytic activity of bean trypsin before and after germination has been proved to be lower than that of peas. At the same time, the proteolytic activity of trypsin after pea and bean grain germination increased in all samples. The grain digestibility as a result of germination has increased; the ratio of essential and non-essential amino acids has changed in favor of the former; the fractional composition of protein has changed to higher content of albumin and globulin and lower level of glutelin. The results of this study indicate that the most suitable varieties to produce vegetable milk are ‘Omichka’, ‘Lukeria’ beans and ‘Pamiati Hangildina’ peas
Cloning and analysis of DlERF23 gene in flower induction
Get PDFIrregular flowering is a serious problem in longan production. Identifying the flower induction-related genes and analyzing their regulation mechanism is the key to solve this problem. The APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily members are transcription factors (TFs) that regulate diverse developmental processes, including flowering time, and stress responses in plants. However, there is still no research about AP2/ERF involved in the regulation of longan flower induction. In the present study, a AP2/ERF TF member DlERF23 was cloned from longan (Dimocarpus longan). It has a typical AP2 domain with the coding sequence (CDS) of DlERF23 is 552 bp in length and encodes 184 amino acids. The molecular weight of DlERF23 protein was 20.41 kda and the theoretical isoelectric point (PI) was 7.69. The amino acid sequence of DlERF23 protein had the highest similarity with CsERF23 (XP_006478313.1) of Citrus sinensis and CcERF23 (XP_006441807.2) of Citrus clementina. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression level of DlERF23 gene in pericarp was higher, followed by stem, leave, flower and flower bud. Meanwhile, DlERF23 gene significant down-regulated in the early stage of flower induction in ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) longan and up-regulated in the late stage of flower induction in ‘Shixia’ (SX). The results of transient expression of Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that the fluorescence signal was mainly concentrated in the nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of DlERF23 in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering. These results provide useful information for revealing the biological roles of DlERF23 in longan and increase our understanding of the AP2/ERF superfamily members in fruit trees