Publications of the Indonesian Scholars' Alliance
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Characteristics and Endoscopy Findings of Liver Cirrhosis Patients at Waled Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia (2020-2023)
Full text linkBackground: Hepatic cirrhosis is a terminal manifestation of chronic liver disease. The causes of cirrhosis in the Asia Pacific it was caused by hepatitis B. Older adults are more likely to experience complications, which might be due to abnormalities in the liver. Various complications occurred during the progression from compensated to decompensated, and endoscopic examination showed images of gastroesophageal varices or PHG.
Aims: The aim was to determine the characteristics of liver cirrhosis patients and the endoscopy findings at waled hospital from 2020 to 2023.
Methods: This research used descriptive observational methods. The sample in this study were patients with liver cirrhosis at Waled hospital from 2020-2023, there were 135 sample who were selected using total sampling techniques. Information was acquired from medical records of 33 patients who met the consideration rules.
Results: This study showed that the largest number of patients with liver cirrhosis based on age 45 years old (12.1%), predominantly male (72.7%), with the etiology hepatitis B (69.7%), and all (100%) were in decompensated stage. Endoscopy results revealed that the majority of patients experiences esophageal varices and PHG (54.5%), with grade 3 esophageal varices (81.8%) and mild grade PHG (60.6%) dominating.
Conclusion: The majority of patients with liver cirrhosis were 45 years old, predominantly male, with the most common etiology hepatitis B, and all were in the decompensated stage. The most common endoscopy results showed esophageal varices and PHG, with grade 3 esophageal varices and mild grade PHG.
Received: 26 September 2024 | Reviewed: 23 October 2024 |
Revised: 30 November 2024 | Accepted: 12 December 2024
The Influence of Body Image and Energy Intake on Nutritional Status in Adolescents at SMAN 1 Cirebon City, Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: Adolescents are among the groups vulnerable to nutritional problems. These issues can arise due to restrictive diets, self-assessment (body image), lifestyle choices, energy intake, physical activity, and knowledge of balanced nutrition. According to the WHO (2018), the prevalence of overnutrition among adolescents aged 15–19 years has risen significantly from 4% to over 18%. The increase was observed in 18% of females and 19% of males.
Aims: This research aims to examine the correlation between body image, energy intake, and nutritional status among adolescents at SMAN 1 in Cirebon City.
Methods: A quantitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed in this study. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, 24-hour food recall interviews, and measurements of body weight and height. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: The findings indicate that most adolescents had a negative body image (60.1%), good energy intake (44.0%), and normal nutritional status (70.2%). Data analysis using the Ordinal Logistic Regression test revealed that body image significantly affects nutritional status (p < 0.001), and energy intake also significantly affects nutritional status (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This study concluded that body image and energy intake significantly influence the nutritional status of adolescents. Statistical analysis demonstrated that adolescents with a positive body image and good energy intake are more likely to have normal nutritional status.
Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 16 October 2024 |
Revised: 30 November 2024 | Accepted: 12 December 2024
An analysis of the relative importance of healthcare services indicators in South Africa: Utilities Analysis Approach
Full text linkBackground: There is a wide gap in healthcare access between the poor and the rich in South Africa. The government has implemented several policies to address this gap; nonetheless the complaints about poor healthcare delivery exist.
Aims: The objective of this study is to examine the relative importance of healthcare service indicators in Tshwane Municipality, South Africa.
Methods: This research uses a utility approach to analyse the relative importance of healthcare service indicators in the context of the Tshwane Municipality in South Africa. The study applies conjoint analysis to better understand healthcare users' preferences for several factors such as service range, waiting time for medications and consultations, waiting time for elective operations, and location. Questionnaire was administered on 280 respondents, comprising the following: Black – 130, Whites – 70, Indians – 40, and Coloured – 40. The data was collected from both public and private healthcare users, and the results were compared using an independent t-test.
Results: The study found that there were no statistically significant variations in the mean utilities of public and private healthcare users. The finding suggests that healthcare users' preferences, whether they utilize public or private services, are largely comparable and can be addressed by utilizing unified techniques. The result also demonstrates the most favoured levels for each metric, providing insights into patient preferences and their social impacts. The study further highlights various healthcare preferences of users.
Conclusion: This finding emphasises that healthcare users have unique expectations, requiring personalised healthcare delivery. The findings have several recommendations for policymakers and healthcare practitioners to improve service delivery and patient satisfaction.
Received: 01 May 2024 | Reviewed: 03 June 2024 | Revised: 12 July 2024 | Accepted: 21 July 2024
Students Perception on Soft Skills in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: Soft skills is important attributes of professionalism in the practice of medicine. Soft skills to be known as person's ability beyond knowledge, intelligence, or competence. Faculty of Medicine in Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia, has used various learning methods to support students' skills, allowing students to have different perspectives in understanding soft skills.
Aims: To identify the perception of medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Swadaya Gunung Jati University, in the pre-clinical stage towards soft skills.
Methods: This was an observational descriptive study. Respondents were selected using Stratified Random Sampling techniques, sample size was 262 respondents were obtained from semester 2, 4, 6 and 8. This study used primary data with 42 statement items with univariate analysis.
Results: From 262 respondents, of 93.1% students (244) have a good perception of the definition of soft skills. As many as 50.4% (123) of 262 respondents have a good perception of time management. As many as 81.3% (213) of 262 respondents have a good perception of critical thinking. 73.7% (193) of 262 respondents have a good perception of teamwork. As many as 87.4% (229) of 262 respondents have a good perception of public speaking.
Conclusion: This study showed medical student perception of soft skills regarding definition, time management skills, critical thinking, teamwork, and public speaking had a good perception. In the future, Faculty needs to provide space for students to develop these soft skills through training or interprofessional education and other programs.
Received: 10 September 2024 | Reviewed: 16 October 2024 |
Revised: 23 October 2024 | Accepted: 31 October 2024
Demographics and Histopathological Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients in Cirebon District, Indonesia (2021-2023)
Full text linkBackground: Based on the Global Burden of Cancer Study (GLOBOCAN) in 2020, In the world, lung cancer is the first cause of death. In Indonesia, lung cancer is the third highest. Lung cancer is classified into two cell types: Small Cell Lung Cancer and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. There are two types of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Aims: To determine the demographics and histopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients in Cirebon District (2021-2023).
Methods: This research employed a descriptive observational method. The data were collected from general hospitals’ medical records of lung cancer patients at RSUD Waled Cirebon and RSUD Arjawinangun in 2021-2023 using the total sampling technique. There were 69 respondents met the inclusion criteria for this recent study.
Results: In this study, there were 68.1% of patients aged from 46 to 70 years, and the majority were male (66.7%). The most common cancer cell type was adenocarcinoma (69.6%). Most patients did not have information regarding occupational data (68.1%), smoking history (98.6%), family history (98.6%), and staging (89.9%) included in their medical records.
Conclusion: The analysis showed that most lung cancer patients are aged 46-70 years and male incidences in lung cancer patients were higher. The most common type of histopathological is adenocarcinoma. Related to occupational data, smoking history, family history, and staging could not be concluded because they were not included in the medical record.
Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 19 October 2024 |
Revised: 30 November 2024 | Accepted: 12 December 2024
Glycated Hemoglobin Level and Body Mass Index Correlation with Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Waled Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a condition that reduces blood flow to the lower extremities and is primarily caused by atherosclerosis. PAD is one of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Diabetics have an 11.6 times more likely to develop PAD than those without diabetes. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels >7% are at a higher risk of chronic complications. Obesity and overweight also raise the risk of developing PAD disease. However, research on the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PAD remains unclear and controversial.
Aims: To analyze the correlation between HbA1c levels and BMI with the incidence of Peripheral Artery Disease in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Waled Hospital.
Methods: This is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected on patients diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Internal Medicine Clinic at Waled Hospital in June - July 2024. A total sample of 77 was obtained using consecutive sampling. The inclusion criteria were type 2 DM, aged 19-60 years, and medical record data equipped with the HbA1c levels for at least the last 3 months prior to data collection. The exclusion criteria were patients with a history of diabetic ulcers, amputation and limb disability, Acute Coronary Syndrome, stroke, kidney failure, recurrent anaemia, and blood transfusions in the last 3 months. Primary data was gathered through an ABI examination, while secondary data was obtained from medical records. The data was analysed using the Spearman correlation test.
Results: Patients had poor HbA1c control (51.9%), moderate HbA1c control (29.9%) and good HbA1c control (18.2%), with the majority of patients had normal BMI (39%) followed by obese I (22.1%), overweight and obese II (16.9%). Our study showed that the distribution of PAD levels was severe (0%), moderate (3.9%), mild (44.2%), normal (46.8%), and arteriosclerotic (5.2%). The correlation test showed p-0.789 (p> 0.05) for HbA1c levels with PAD and p- 0.653 (p>0.05) for BMI with PAD.
Conclusion: There was no association between glycated hemoglobin or Body Mass Index values and the incidence of PAD in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Waled Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia.
Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 21 October 2024 |
Revised: 30 November 2024 | Accepted: 11 December 2024
Correlation between Hypertension and the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Waled Regional General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels and resulting from deviations in either insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including diabetic retinopathy. The main risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy are uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
Aims: To determine the correlation between hypertension and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients at Waled Regional General Hospital, Cirebon, from 2020 to 2023.
Methods: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. We collected data from the medical records of patients with diabetic retinopathy at Waled Regional General Hospital from 2020 to 2023. This study employed total sampling as its sampling technique. We performed univariate analysis to determine the frequency distribution of the samples and bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test.
Results: Out of 50 diabetic retinopathy patients, the majority suffered from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), with 22 (44%) patients. The most common blood pressure level among the patients was grade 2 hypertension, with 19 (38%) patients. The bivariate analysis in this study showed a P-value of 0.091 and an r-value of 0.242.
Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between hypertension and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients at Waled Regional General Hospital from 2020 to 2023, with a positive correlation direction (p-value: 0.091 and r-value: 0.242).
Received: 25 September 2024 | Reviewed: 16 October 2024 |
Revised: 30 November 2024 | Accepted: 12 December 2024
Improving Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence: The role of patient knowledge in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: With 10 million cases around the world, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been classified as a highly contagious disease and mostly affecting low and middle countries. Having the second highest incident cases in West Java of Indonesia, Cirebon becomes a challenging city in order to reduce the number of TB cases in the country.
Aims: This study aims to identify the patients’ knowledge and treatment phases, and how the two factors encourage patients to comply with their medication.
Methods : This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 91 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Cirebon City Community Lung Health Centre, selected using random sampling. Not only respondent characteristics, but also data on the patients' knowledge levels, treatment phases, and medication adherence were collected using a questionnaire and medical records. To assess the relationship between these variables, the collected data was then analyzed using the Spearman Correlation test. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Commission, and informed consent was gathered from all participants.
Results: This study reveals the most updated characteristics of the Tuberculosis patients at the Cirebon City Community Lung Health Center aged 15-64 years old with treatment duration ranged 1-6 months. The majority have insufficient knowledge about tuberculosis (45.1%), and 75.8% of patients adhered to their prescribed medication regimen, regardless of their knowledge level. The data indicates a significant positive correlation between knowledge level and medication adherence (p = 0.015), with 95% of patients with good knowledge adhering to treatment compared to only 34% with poor knowledge. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between adherence and treatment duration (p = 0.002), as 85% of patients who adhered to treatment did so for more than two months.
Conclusion: The study shows that patients with better knowledge of tuberculosis are more likely to stick to their medication, which also leads to longer treatment durations. Given the high incidence of TB in the region, these findings suggest the need for targeted educational programs to enhance patients' understanding of TB, thereby improving adherence to treatment protocols.
Received: 20 May 2024, Reviewed: 09 June 2024, Revised: 26 August 2024, Accepted: 30 August 2024
Correlations between Parity and Marriage Age with Incidence of Cervical Cancer at Gunung Jati Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women in Indonesia, and factors such as parity and age at marriage are believed to play a significant role in increasing the risk of developing this disease.
Aims: Examine the relationship among parity and age at marriage with the incidence of cancer of cervix by describing the age distribution, parity, age at marriage, and histopathological features of cancer of cervix patients at Gunung Jati Hospital in Cirebon, Indonesia.
Methods: This study utilized an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design. It analyzed secondary data, specifically the medical records of cancer of cervix patients at Gunung Jati Hospital in Cirebon from 2022 to 2023. A total of 47 patients were selected through total sampling. The Spearman correlation test was employed for statistical analysis to determine the correlation between the variables.
Results: The majority of cervical cancer patients were multiparous (70.2%), had a marriage age of < 20 years, and exhibited histological findings of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Keratinizing (48.9%). No correlation was found among parity and the occurrence of cancer of cervix (p = 0.450; p > 0.05). However, a significant association was observed among age at marriage and cancer of the cervix occurrence (p = 0.010; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study are expected to provide insight into the importance of reproductive factors in the prevention of cervical cancer, as well as recommendations for more effective reproductive health policies.
Received: 02 October 2024 | Reviewed: 15 October 2024 |
Revised: 09 November 2024 | Accepted: 30 November 2024
The Effect of Physical Activity on Blood Pressure in the Community of Tumbang Tahai District, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
Full text linkBackground: Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, pose significant health challenges globally. Physical activity has long been recognized as a modifiable factor that can influence various aspects of cardiovascular health, including blood pressure. However, the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure is complex and can be influenced by various factors such as cultural and regional differences.
Aims: The primary objective of this research was to examine the association between physical activity and blood pressure using a quasi-experimental design.
Methods: This study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach. The sample was selected using a total sampling technique. The independent and dependent variables in this research were physical activity and blood pressure. Data collection instruments employed in this study consisted of observation sheets, an aneroid sphygmomanometer, and a stethoscope. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: This study showed that there was an association between physical activity and blood pressure.
Conclusion: this research sheds light on the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure. The findings underscore the importance of considering cultural and regional factors in designing health interventions.
Received: 20 November 2023, Reviewed: 21 November 2023, Revised: 14 March 2024, Accepted: 03 April 2024