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ANALYSIS OF PREDISPOSITION FACTORS ON PREMATURE RUPTURE MEMBRANES IN POSTPARTUM MOTHERS
Get PDFBackground: Early rupture of membranes is one of the most common pregnancy complications. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes ranges from 5-10% of cases. Preterm premature rupture of membrane occurs in 1% of all pregnancies, 70% of cases of premature rupture of the membranes occur in term pregnancy. In West Nusa Tenggara, 45% of maternal deaths occurred due to bleeding, 14% due to preeclampsia, 1% of prolonged labour (old or stalled openings), 4% infections and 36% of other cases.
Aims: The purpose of this study is to analyse some predisposition factors of premature rupture membranes in Maternity Room of General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2012.
Methods: This study is observational analytic with cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all maternal mothers at West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital in January - December 2012 with 1027 births and the sample used were 576 samples consisting of 288 case samples and 288 control samples, using systematic random sampling technique.
Results: From the result, the age group of 20-35 years old as much as 154 samples (53.5%). The most parity 220 sample (76 .4%), in work mother of 149 samples (51.7%). The result of multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that age is the most dominant influence which cause the incidence of early rupture of membrane (wald = 20.209)
Conclusion: Multivariate analysis showed that there was one variable that proved to have an effect on the incidence of premature rupture of membrane, i.e. mother age with p = 0,000 with OR = 3.441 mean maternal mother with age <20 and> 35 had 3.44 times risk of premature rupture of membranes. Therefore, it is imperative that women are educated in the risk factors and the signs and symptoms of premature rupture of membranes so that in case of membrane breaks, they can seek for immediate treatment
THE INTEGRATED ACTION PLAN OF NATIONAL MALARIA ELIMINATION IN THAILAND: STUDY IN THE NORTH EAST AND THE EASTERN PART OF THAILAND
Get PDFBackground: In 2024, the National Malaria Elimination Strategy proposed to eliminate indigenous malaria cases in all districts and expected that Thailand would be certified as free a malaria case areas before 2026. Even though the national malaria elimination policy focuses on accelerating malaria elimination in Thailand by improving diagnosis & treatment, intensifying active case detection, increasing ITN coverage and ensuring DOTs & follow up and Therapeutic Efficacy Surveillance.
Aims: The objective of the study on the action plan of national malaria elimination in Thailand as the area study in the Northeast and the East of Thailand is to convince all partnerships to make integrated action plans. All provinces in the Northeast and the East of Thailand were selected with significant partnerships in transmission areas.
Methods: Through the community participation and strategic planning workshops, an integrated process of data collection and analysis was undertaken and descriptively presented. Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations and Results (SOAR) analysis was employed in the context of strategic planning of eliminating malaria cases from transmission areas. The registered partners in the workshop were divided into ten groups. In each working group, there were approximately 10-12 partners who were key persons and lived in the same community.
Results: The findings showed that there were practically integrated action plans from significant partnerships in each transmission area. Twenty seven action plans of all provinces were presented to the provincial level for approval before being launched in their communities. Some outcomes from strongly launched action plans have been obviously regarded as the best practices of each province.
Conclusion: The study suggested that in order to manage and to convince some key partners to join relevant malaria elimination activities, regular active participation at the national level, provincial level and community level by specifically focusing on sustainably maintaining malaria-free areas is needed. Local Administrative Organization support is also required to maintain the sustainability of the malariafree areas in Thailand.
 
THE EFFECT OF IRON POLYMALTOSE COMPLEX TABLET ADMINISTRATION TO INCREASE HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA
Get PDFBackground: Anemia is a major cause of bleeding due to iron deficiency. Iron tablets which contain 60 mg of Ferrous Sulphate and 0.25 mg of folic acid did not show good results in changing the body's iron level and there are many perceived side effects. However, there is now exists an oral iron tablets in the form of available salt compounds of ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulphate, and ferrous gluconate. These tablets contain iron hydroxide polymaltose complex (III) or better known as IPC (Iron Polymaltose Complex) and have minimal side effects.
Aims: To understand the effect of IPC tablets in increasing the hemoglobin level in pregnant women with anemia.
Methods: This study used quantitative study with pre-experimental design, or experiments that have not been applied in real terms. This study used non-probability sampling technique and purposive sampling for the selected sample. The sample were 35 people based on the inclusion criteria. The design used was one group pre-test – post-test approach without the control group. The subjects undertook the anemia examination on the first day (pre-test) and afterwards were administered 100mg IPC tablets daily for the next 30 days. In the end of the intervention, the subjects were re-examined and the results were compared (post-test).
Results: The study showed that there is a significant increase of hemoglobin level in pregnant women with anemia with p value = 0.023 (p<0.05) after the intervention in the form of IPC tablet administration was conducted for 30 days.
Conclusion: The intervention performed in administration of IPC tablets for pregnant women with anemia showed a significant increase of hemoglobin level before and after the provision of IPC tablets
THE CORELLATION BETWEEN AGE AND PARITY TO THE INCIDENCE OF PREECLAMPSIA OR ECLAMPSIA IN LABOUR
Get PDFBackground: Based on Indonesian Health Demographic Survey 2007 maternal mortality rates are 228 per 100.000 live births. In East Kalimantan, maternal mortality was recorded at 90 cases, one of death caused by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. In 2011, from 923 women in labor in Panglima Sebaya General Hospital there are 307 had pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia be influenced by several risk factors such as primigravidae and ages.
Aims: The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of age and parity with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia on women in labor, in Panglima Sebaya, General Hospital.
Methods: This study used cross sectional design. Sampling methods used purposive sampling, the number of samples is 340 cases. Data analysis using SPSS for Windows Release 16.0 programmes. Bivariate analysis used chi-square test and multivariate analysis used regress logistic test.
Result: chi-square test for primigravidae has p-value(0.002) < 0,05 and Ratio Prevalence (RP) = 1.988 (95% CI 1.296 – 3.079). variabel of ages p-value(0,000) < 0.05 RP = 2.661 (95% CI 1.656 – 4.116). and for regress logistic test for variable of primigravidae the result is p-value(0,003) < 0.05 and coefficients regress 0.665, variable of ages has p-value(0.000) < 0.05 coefficients regress 0.938, and R square 0.99.
Conclusion: Primigravida and age have a correlation with the incidence of preeclampsia/eclampsi
THE CORECT BODY MECHANIC PRINCIPLE AND LOW BACK PAIN IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN
Get PDFBackground: Low back pain is one of the inconveniences in pregnant women which normally will increase along with the increasing of gestational age because this pain is caused by the shift of the center of gravity in a woman and her posture. The good body mechanic is needed to establish the safe and comfortable daily activities during pregnancy and to prevent and reduce back pain.
Aims: This study aimed to analyze the correct body mechanic principle with low back pain complaints in the third trimester pregnant women at the work region of Kambangan health center Sub-district Lebaksiu Tegal Regency.
Method: This study used cross-sectional design. The population used in this research is pregnant women of the third trimester in the working area of Kambangan health center,Lebaksiu Sub District Tegal, population in this study as much 36 third trimester pregnant women and 24 respondents as sample.
Result: There were 58.3% of the respondents who had good body mechanic, while 45.8% of the respondents experienced back pain. The bivariate analysis indicated that there was a correlation between body mechanic and back pain in the third trimester pregnant women with the p-value of 0.011.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the correct body mechanic principle can prevent low back pain in the third trimester pregnant women at Kambangan Health Center Lebaksiu Sub-district Tegal Regency and to reduce low back pain in pregnant women, midwives need to provide health education about the correct body mechanic during pregnancy to prevent low back pain
THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON PERSONAL HYGIENE BEHAVIOUR IN PREVENTING VAGINAL DISCHARGE
Get PDFBackground:As 75% of women experience vaginal discharge once in their life phase and as many as 45% experiences recurring conditions. Lack of knowledge about personal hygiene especially vaginal hygiene is the main cause of vaginal discharge.
Aims: The purpose of this research is to find the effect of health education about personal hygiene to a behavior of preventing vaginal discharge.
Methods:The study employed a Quasi Experiment with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampling technique by Probability Sampling with Cluster Sampling. A sample of 136 from 206 students were involved anddivided into two groups; control and experimental group. The instrument used was questionnaire related to vaginal hygiene.Independent-t tests were used to analyze data to differences between experimental and control groups. And then paired t-test is used to see the difference betweenpretest and postest of each group..
Results:From the results, Lavene's test has the same or homogeneous variation with a score of sig 0.771 (sig> 0.05). Then p-value of t-test test obtained sig. 0.000 (sig> 0.05), which indicates a significant difference between groups treated with health education about personal hygiene behavior to preventing vaginal discharge with untreated groups.
Conclusion: The conclusion is there was an effect of health education on personal hygiene to student's behavior of preventing vaginal discharge in Wikarya Karanganyar Vocational High School
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN GESTATION PERIOD AND ICTERUS NEONATORUM AT DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK HOSPITAL, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA
Get PDFBackground: One of the causes of perinatal or neonatal mortality is icterus neonatorum, which is the main cause of neonatal mortality of 20-40% of all deliveries. The emergency neonatal condition becomes the cause of occurrence of neonatal mortality is the increased levels of bilirubin in blood or icterus neonatorum, which 50% occur in infants with <36 weeks gestation (preterm).
Aims: To analyze the correlation between the gestation period and icterus neonatorum, so it is supposed to reduce the incidence of icterus neonatorum.
Methods: This research is quantitative approach with cross sectional design and analyses hypothesis used chi-square test. The sample of this study is 289 infants used simple random sampling technique and the lottery system. Data used secondary data from the medical record that collected through the checklist.
Results: Most of the infants with gestation period <36 weeks experienced the icterus neonatorum (62.5%) and the result of the chi-square test is p-value = 0.000. Odd Ratio (OR) of this research is 7.805 it means that gestation period <36 weeks have risked eight times than infants with gestation period ≥36 weeks.
Conclusion: Pregnancy with gestation period <36 weeks has more changes to deliver newborn with icterus neonatorum. Routinely and regularly Antenatal Care (ANC) expected to detect early preterm birth
Unmet need to space and limit childbirth among reproductive age women in Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Population growth has become one of priority problems should be solved in almost all of developing countries, including Indonesia. Backward, Indonesia had successful family planning history. However, it shows decline figures nowadays. While, unmet need of family planning in several regions found increased. In 2007, unmet need was 8.6 %, inclined to 11.4% in 2015, which is consisted of 4.5% for spacing children and 8.6% for limiting children. Social demography, economic, access to health services, family support and perception revealed have the contribution to unmet need.
Aims: This study aimed to explore unmet need family planning due to birth spacing and limiting situation among reproductive age women in Pangkal Pinang City, Bangka Belitung Province.
Methods: This study was an explanatory research used cross-sectional design. The population was women of childbearing age who experienced unmet need of family planning in Pangkal Pinang, 2016. 98 women were taken by proportional random sampling to participate in this study.
Results: Research showed that the most of the unmet need for family planning were among 25-29 years old women. About two third (66.3%) of unmet need women occurred due to the willingness to space the childbirth and 33.7% willing to limit the childbirth. Birth spacing tended to be favored by young mothers, early marriage (1-5 years old), had low parity and had low education attainment. Whilst, limiting childbirth tended to be preferred by women with lenght marriage experience (>15 years old), had high parity, older mothers, and middle education level (senior high school) attainment.
Conclusion: Both of spacing and limiting have no difference according to the economic situation, all of them mostly were the household wife from low-income family. Husband support to do not use contraception were found in both birth spacing and birth limiting. The study suggest to provincial health office and national family planning coordination board that family planning program should not just involve the wife, but husband as well due to their high influence in family planning decision.
Keyword: Unmet need, family planning, birth spacing and limiting
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-1195
Engaging schools in diagnosis and treatment of malaria: Evidence of sustained impact on morbidity and behavior
Get PDFBackground: In low and middle income countries (LMICs) teachers send home children found sick in class devolving subsequent care to parents; where malaria is endemic, morbidity is high as the most parents fail to access WHO-endorsed rapid diagnostic testing (RDT and prompt treatment with artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). Consequently malaria is the principal reason a child misses school; so, we trained teachers to use RDT to evaluate all sick pupils and give ACT promptly to those positive.Aims: Pre, intra and post intervention evaluation of impact of using the WHO Health Promoting School (HPS) model to empower teachers to provide RDT and ACT and engage and inform pupils about malaria in 4 schools in rural Uganda.Methods: Documenting duration of absence from school as a surrogate measure for morbidity and change in children's knowledge and reported behaviors regarding malaria. Preintervention (year 1) baseline evaluation of days of absence and children's malaria knowledge/behavior; Intervention (year 2) trained teachers administered RDT in all sick children and treated those positive with ADT; Post-intervention (end of year 3) after schools independently continued RDT/ACT and education on malaria.Results: Pre-intervention <1:5 pupils had basic knowledge about malaria (caused by mosquitos; can be prevented; requires rapid diagnosis and prompt medication). In year 1: 953 of 1764 pupils were sent home due to illness. Mean duration of absence was 6.5 (SD 3.17) school days. In year 2: 1066 of 1774 pupils were sick, all had RDT, 765/1066 (68%) tested positive and received ACT; their duration of absence fell to 0.59 (SD 0.64) school days (p<0.001). By year 2 all children knew the signs and symptoms of malaria and had essential epidemiological knowledge. Twelve months post intervention the universality of this knowledge had been sustained and the whole-school focus on malaria continued. Children reported better health, more consistent attendance and improved academic achievement, and had become proactive in prevention strategies; 6% fewer tested positive for malaria; and key health knowledge was being passed to new pupils.Conclusion: Teacher administered RDT/ACT reduced child morbidity from malaria significantly; essential knowledge was generated and new health practices acquired that changed behaviors. Our WHO HPS model is applicable to other LMICs where malaria is endemic and morbidity high
Keywords: Health promoting schools, Malaria, School-based intervention, Teachers
Submitted: 21 April 2017, Accepted: 4 October 2017.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-129