Publications of the Indonesian Scholars' Alliance
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ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP STRATEGY TO REDUCE LENGTH OF STAY AND COST OF ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Reducing the cost of care and length of stay for patient in hospital are important to monitor the benefits of implementing an antimicrobial management program. An antimicrobial management program is a strategy to decrease Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) that affect to the treatment of the patient. One of the antimicrobial management programs is Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP). This study aims to determine the appropriate strategies in the application of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) that can reduce the length of stay and cost of antibiotic consumption for patient in hospital.
Methods: This study was a systematic review that used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Data obtained from Electronic databases ProQuest and Medline (PubMed) that published five years times span. By using keywords such as antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobial resistance, length of stay, length of the hospital and patient cost to find the relevant journal.
Results: The search found 3,541 studies, of which 26 studies were included in the systematic review. After excluded the article review, there were 9 studies that used quasi-experimental, observational cohort studies and Randomized Control Trial (RCT). These studies conducted majority in Europe and USA, only 1 study that conducted in Asia. Analysis of the studies found out that 6 of 9 studies mentioned if ASP can reduce the length of stay of the patient in hospital. Only 3 of 9 studies that examined the effect of ASP in cost of care and these 3 studies mentioned ASP can reduce the cost of care.
Conclusion: This study showed that implementing ASP can reduced the length of stay and antibiotics consumption among patient in hospital by manage the antimicrobial use, conduct audits and feedback in an appropriate step, and intravenous to oral switch program.
Keywords: Antimicrobial stewardship, length of stay, cost of car
EFFECTIVENESS OF PRENATAL YOGA ON PREGNANCY ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy process can cause discomfort to pregnant women. During pregnancy, pregnant women from developed and developing countries tend to have an increase in anxiety and symptoms of depression. If not properly managed, those situations can adversely affect maternal and infant health. This systematic review is to explore the effectiveness of yoga in order to reduce anxiety and depression in pregnant women.
Methods: This systematic review was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA Protocol). Publication screening was carried out by filtering the 2009-2019 English and Indonesian articles from electronic data sources, namely PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The keywords used in the literature searching were ‘anxiety', ‘depression in pregnancy', ‘prenatal yoga', ‘yoga in pregnancy', ‘pregnancy', and ‘complementary andalternative medicine in pregnancy'.
Results: The search identified 368 record, of which 8 articles were included in this study. Studies regarding to the effect of yoga in pregnant women has been shown to reduce anxiety scores, pregnancy depression, anger, sleep disorders, lower maternal cortisol hormones, improve maternal immunity and neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Yoga could be applied as a complementary therapy that was easy, low cost, and useful for reducing anxiety and depression in pregnant women.
Keywords: Anxiety, yoga in pregnancy, depression in pregnancy, prenatal yog
DETERMINANT OF EARLY MENARCHE AT MUARA MEGANG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SOUTHERN SUMATRA
Get PDFBackgrounds: High rate of early menarche is one of the problems that should be the focus of government attention because the health impact will be in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diet, physical activity and exposure to mass media on early menarche at Students Elementary School Muara Megang Southern Sumatra 2017.
Methods: This research used a quantitative study with cross sectional design. Purposive sampling technique was done in the fifth and sixth graders with total population of 69 people. After selecting those who experienced early menarche, thirty respondents were eligible in this study. Univariate, bivariate correlation test, and multivariate multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the data.
Results: The correlation test resulted in the score of diet (p-value=0.001), physical activity (pvalue= 0.040<0.05) and exposure to mass media (p-value=0.454). It was concluded eating patterns and physical activity had significant correlation with early menarche among students. Meanwhile, the mass media exposure had no significant influence to incidence of early menarche. Multivariate test results were obtained from the results of multiple linear regression tests of eating patterns (0.011<0.05) affecting the incidence of early menarche while physical activity (0.463>0.05) and exposure to mass media (0.733>0.05) had no effect on the incidence of early menarche.
Conclusions: This study recommends a need of coordination between health center and the health office to conduct counseling or form peer consultants involving young women to be more able to get to know themselves.
Keywords: Physical Activity, Mass Media Exposure, Early Menarche, Dietary Habi
SELF-INTERNALIZATION FACTORS FOR CONDOM USE AMONG COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS (CSW) IN PREVENTING HIV / AIDS TRANSMISSION
Get PDFBackground: The existence of localizations of commercial sex worker (CSW) may increase the HIV/AIDS cases. It might be due to individual's perception to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission remains low. STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections) such as Gonorrhea and Chlamydia are the diseases which is caused of sexual intercourse. This study aims to describe the internalizations factors to apply condom as the preventive approaches and to investigate the correlation between cognitive level and attuite with condom application.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was enrolled by 65 of 258 CSW's clients in Sadar alley, Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. Accidental sampling was used to select the respondents. Inclusion criteria were CSW's clients, willing to be respondents, and had sexual intercourse in the alley. The dependent variable was condom application and the independent variables were cognitive level and attitude. The data analysis was done by Spearman Rank.
Results: More than a half of respondents had a good cognitive level to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission and more than three fourth had a support attitude. Among 65 respondents, 48 of them had intension to use condom. The cognitive level and attitude were found with strong correlation with condom applications (p <0.001).
Conclusions: Cognitive level and attitude had an important role related to condom applications. Public health promotor should take an action to educate CSW and CSW's clients to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission.
Keyword: HIV/AIDS, Attitude, Cognitive Level, Condom Applicatio
PERCEPTION OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE TOWARDS LONG-ACTING CONTRACEPTIVE (LAC) COUNSELING OF FAMILY PLANNING COUNSELORS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Long-acting contraceptive (LAC) is one kind of birth control method for preventing, spacing pregnancy or stopping the fertility for an extended period. Increasing the number of LAC user can be done by providing a good quality of LAC counseling. This study aims to explore the perception of reproductive woman in LAC counseling by family planning counselors.
Methods: This study was a qualitative study with Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) design. This study conducted in Bontomatene, Selayar Island on April 2019. There were 6 samples that represent 3 samples used LAC and 3 samples used non-LAC. The in-depth interview was used to get the information and the interactive model analysis was used in analyzed the data.
Results: 5 of 6 respondents mentioned when the family planning counselor explained LAC used native language was easier to understand. The counseling by family planning counselor was already good because the counselor explained in detail information about LAC, visited the house of respondents to give information and did not push the respondents to select contraceptive methods.
Conclusions: The reproductive woman in Bontomatene, Selayar Island feel more comfortable with LAC counseling held by family planning counselor if using native language, explain in detail information and not force respondent to use LAC methods.
Keywords : Counseling, Long-Acting Contraceptive, Perception of Woman Reproductive Ag
RISK FACTORS FOR IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN INFANTS AGED 6 MONTHS IN TEGAL REJO PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Get PDFBackground: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences on human health as well as social and economic development. Anemia resulting from iron deficiency that may adversely affects the infants' cognitive and motor development. The objective of this research was to find out the risk factors of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in 6 months old infants.
Methods: This was an observational research with case-control design. Population was all 6 months old infants having been examined for their hemoglobin levels in Tegalrejo public health center in Yogyakarta from 2017 to 2018. 164 samples were taken with random sampling contained of 82 infants with anemia diagnosis in case group and 82 infants with normal hemoglobin levels for control group. Dependent variable was iron deficiency anemia (IDA) assessed based on hemoglobin level less than 11 gr% and independent variables were IDA risk factors (birth weight, sex, maternal education, maternal occupation, and maternal age) obtained from medical records and direct interviews. Data were analyzed by using logistic regression.
Results: the risk factor influencing IDA was exclusive breastfeeding (p<0.05). Infants who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding had 2.16 folds higher risk of having IDA than those who received exclusive breastfeeding. Other risk factors such as birth weight, sex, maternal education, maternal occupation, and maternal age did not correlate significantly to iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding was the significant risk factor toward iron deficiency anemia in 6 months old infants after controlling other risk factors. Therefore, these finding can be implemented by maternal and child health practitioners to make iron deficiency anemia prevention program by eliminating or minimizing its risk factor.
Keywords: Iron deficiency, Anemia, Exclusive breastfeeding, 6-month-old infants
THE ROLE OF HOSPITAL MARKETING MIX TO THE SELECTION OF THE HOSPITAL CONSUMER
Get PDFBackground: The significant growth of hospital both of private and public hospital, additions requiring productive marketing strategy to sustained and increase consumers. Concept of 7p was developed from concept of 4p to create transparent communication between hospital and its customers. The given information will become the reason for customers to make their health related decision. This review is to see the role of each 7p concepst (person, place, promotion, physic, price, product and proses) in marketing and maintaining of hospitals.
Methods: Full articles available at PubMed and Google Scholar, published from 2010-2018, and the student thesis were considered to explore the hospital marketing with mix marketing approach.
Results: Of 412 full articles available at the searching tools, 10 articles have been selected for further discussion and analysis. From the results, it is noted that the 7p concepts of the costumer satisfactions present significant effects to the customers' trust to the hospital.
Conclusion: This systematic review even only answer four out of seven P concept including proses, promotion, person and product, the findings may present the references to the hospital marketing in delivering the significant result for increasing customers' satisfaction.
Keywords: Marketing mix, hospital marketing, customers' satisfaction
Alcohol Consumption and Current Situation of Drinking Risk Level Among University Students in Mandalay Region
Get PDFBackground: In Myanmar, alcohol consumption among university students had been recognized as a major public health concern. A cross-sectional study was done to investigate drinking alcohol and risk level assessment using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and examined the reasons of alcohol uses and types of beverage preference consumed.
Methods: The two universities from three districts in Mandalay region were randomly selected, from which 976 students (stratified by academic year and sex) were contributed in self-administered questionnaire.
Results: The mean age at first drinking alcohol among the participants was 16.36_0.15 years with range of 16 to 19 years. The drinking risk level assessment using the AUDIT test, nearly half of the participants 48.7% were abstainers and 86 (8.8%) were high risk drinkers while 28 (2.9%) had alcohol dependency. Among those, 57.8% had experiences of alcohol drinking and the favorite beverage of the university students who drink alcohol was beer. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, smoking habit and living situation for drinking were significant predictors of alcohol consumption among university students. The results found out that living separately with parents and smoking habits were important factors for drinking alcohol with statistically significant at 95% confidence level.
Conclusion: It provided evidence-based findings for knowing the alcohol consumption risk level among university students to prevent social deprivation and health risk behaviors. Findings from this study indicate a need for law governing, strictly prohibits the sale of alcohol directly or indirectly to those under the age of eighteen years. The alcohol intervention program can be helpful in modifying behaviors change communication in health promotion of university students.
Keywords: Alcohol consumption, AUDIT test, drinking risk level, university students and binary logistic regression
Received: 12 April 2019 Reviewed: 18 June 2019 Revised: 25 June 2019 Accepted: 8 July 2019
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-3358
AN EVALUATION OF VIDEO MATERIALS WITH A HEALTHRELATED MESSAGE AVAILABLE IN INDONESIA
Get PDFBackground: A core component of health promotion involves education. When we educate children and their parents about health, we need to use words that they can understand and ways to teach them that they find interesting. In schools in Uganda we have found that many children learn important facts from music videos recorded by celebrities that include a health message. This study looked at video material with a health message that is available on-line in Indonesia for those involved in health promotion to use to educate parents and children.
Methods: A google question was generated and the videos the respondents suggested were then viewed onYouTube to identify the health topics that they contained. From this search, the availability of other videos with similar or related messages was evaluated.
Results: Nine respondents suggested videos with a health message; 8 were female and 1 male, all had a bachelor's or master's degree. Four of the videos identified contained general health related messages, the remainder were specific to one of two areas, handwashing and hygiene (3) or tooth brushing and oral health (2). Importantly, when viewing these videos, a large number of related videos in various formats (message for adults/parents, message for children, educational material, songs, cartoons) were cross linked with the targeted video.
Conclusion: In Indonesia, a broad range of videos exist that can be used either to educate parents and children about the key health topics that these videos cover, or to act as a model for producing similar materials for newly identified health promotion issues. Engaging and educating parents and children is an important health promotion strategy and community empowerment approach to improving the determinants of health.
Key words: education, handwashing, health promotion, oral health, video
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON JUICE (Citrus limon) TOWARD PYRAMIDAL NEURON CELLS OF MALE WHITE MICE'SCEREBRAL CORTEX THAT EXPOSED BY MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG)
Get PDFBackground: The consumption rate of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in Indonesia remains high. Lemon is an antioxidant and neutralizer of free radicals which contains vitamin C and phytochemicals to prevent the long-term effects of MSG to pyramida cells. This study aims to test the effect of oral administration of lemon juice (Citrus limon) to the number of pyramidal neuron cells. Methodology: This experimental study employed 30 male white mice aged 2.5 to 3 months. Those mice were randomly divided into five control-groups: Normal Control (KN), Negative Control (K-) was treated with 4 mg/grBB MSG, Dose Group 1 (KD1) was treated with 3.33 ml/kgBB lemon juice, Dose Group 2 (KD2) was treated with 6.67 ml/kgBB lemon juice, and Dose Group 3 (KD3) was treated with 13.33 ml/kgBB lemon juice. Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine the difference in distribution between groups, followed with Post hoc Mann Whitney test.
Results: After 28 days of treatment, the average number of pyramidal neuron cells in dose group 1 (637 cells) was higher than in negative control (589.5 cells) (p=0.078). The average number of pyramidal neuron cells in dose group 3 (482,5 cells) was lower than in the negative control (589.5 cells) (p=0.016). The statistical result shown that there were groups with a significant difference in pyramidal cells number. Mann-Whitney analysis of pyramidal cells number had shown that there was a significant differencebetween group KD3 and KD1, KD3 and K (-), KD3 and KD2.
Conclusion: Lemon juice (Citrus limon) in precise dose has a beneficial effect to reduce the excitotoxic effect of MSG. Further studies is needed to validate the active compound and toxicity effect of lemon juice.
Keywords: Pyramidal neuron cells, monosodium glutamate, lemon (Citrus limon