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Mythes de l’origine du tigre et de ses rayures et de l’origine du taureau portant la terre chez les Jawi de Thaïlande du Sud et les anciens Malais péninsulaires : approche ethnoscientifique d’un symbole social central
No full textLes Jawi de Thaïlande du Sud forment un conservatoire culturel du monde malais péninsulaire ancien dont ils témoignent. L’islam est arrivé chez eux à la fin du xive siècle mais, présent surtout chez les élites et dans la population littorale, il ne s’est répandu à l’intérieur que lentement. De même que les Malais, ils ont été d’abord animistes puis hindouistes, influencés par l’Inde. Ils en conservent l’empreinte dans leurs croyances et pratiques rituelles et dans les mythes relevant du fonds le plus ancien. L’exemple du tigre, prédateur qui domine largement la faune locale et le bestiaire fabuleux des Jawi et des Malais, le montre bien. Le mythe de l’origine du tigre et de celle de ses rayures mêle sources animistes et indiennes à des courants musulmans plus récents et associe au tigre les figures du taureau et du buffle, du lion, de l’archange Gabriel, du diable et de Sayidina Ali, gendre du prophète Mahomet et héros culturel malais.The Jawi of Southern Thailand form a cultural conservatory of the ancient peninsular Malay world of which they testify. Islam arrived in their country at the end of the 14th century. However, Islam was present overall among the elites and coastal population and it spread in the highlands only slowly. Like the Malays, they were first animists and then Hindu, influenced by India. They retain the imprint in their ritual beliefs and practices and in the myths of the oldest background. The example of the tiger, a predator that largely dominates the local fauna and the fabulous bestiary of the Jawi and the Malays, shows this well. The myth of the origin of the tiger and that of its stripes mixes animist and Indian sources with more recent Muslim currents and associates with the tiger the figures of the bull and the buffalo, the lion, the archangel Gabriel, the devil and Sayidina Ali, son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad and Malay cultural hero.</p
Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of <I>Libitioides</I> from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)
No full textThe American species of Cosmetidae, in spite of being clearly distinguished in the older literature, were mixed-up by Roewer. This, aggravated by groundless synonymies done by Goodnight & Goodnight, prevented all subsequent authors from properly recognizing and adequately naming those species. Herein, we define and characterize the three most widespread species of Cosmetidae in the USA, explaining the misleading synonymies and misidentifications in the taxonomic literature. A recent phylogenetic analysis revalidated Libitioides Roewer, 1912 from the synonymy of Vonones Simon, 1879 to include three American species: Gonyleptes ornatum Say, 1821 (from southeastern USA), Cynorta sayi Simon, 1879 (from central-southern USA) and Cosmetus albolineatus Sørensen, 1884 (from eastern USA). Expanding on that, we herein aggregate another two species to Libitioides: Vonones modestus Banks, 1909 (from Cuba, herein revalidated from the synonymy of Libitioides ornata Roewer, 1912) and Libitioides scabrissima Roewer, 1912 (from Mexico, restored from the current combination with Vonones). The following subjective synonymies are proposed: (1) Platycynorta Mello-Leitão, 1933 and Denticynorta Roewer, 1947 = Libitioides; (2) Metacynorta denticus Walker, 1928 = Cosmetus albolineatus; (3) Platycynorta secunda Roewer, 1947 = Vonones modestus; (4) Libitioides ornata Roewer, 1912 and Cynorta (Cynorta) depressa Sørensen, 1932 = Cynorta sayi. Outside Libitioides, Cynorta bimaculata Banks, 1893, currently combined under Calicynorta Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943, and originally reported from California (due to a misinterpretation of label) has its type locality corrected as to be in Costa Rica instead and is transferred to Holovonones Roewer, 1912. Accordingly, Calicynorta is herein considered a junior subjective synonym of Holovonones Roewer, 1912. Platycynorta clavifemur Roewer, 1957 from Peru is newly combined under the genus Ambatoiella Mello-Leitão, 1943, otherwise known from Ecuador. The present analysis of the distributional data suggests that the occurrence of Cosmetidae is determined not directly by temperature, but by the absence of a dry season and the presence of a hot summer.</p
Surprising morphological diversity in ceraphronid wasps revealed by a distinctive new species of <I>Aphanogmus</I> (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea)
No full textWithin the well-studied Palearctic entomofauna, it is often assumed that the discovery of new species is limited to resolving cryptic species complexes within dark taxa. Herein, we describe a highly distinctive species of Aphanogmus Thomson, 1858 (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) from Germany and provide a COI barcoding sequence for the new species. We present a 3D reconstruction of the holotype based on micro-CT to serve as a cybertype. The females of Aphanogmus kretschmanni Moser sp. nov. are diagnosed by two rows of prominent spines on the ventral edge of the 7th metasomal sternite, a character set that has not previously been found in Hymenoptera. We analyse the functional morphology of the ovipositor mechanism and discuss hypotheses regarding the functional implications of the unique modification of the 7th metasomal sternite. Possible host associations are reviewed and the taxonomic placement of the new species is discussed.</p
The genus <I>Ophelina</I> Örsted, 1843 (Annelida: Opheliidae) in the coast of Kuwait (northern Indian Ocean), with the description of a new species
No full textTwo species of the genus Ophelina Örsted, 1843 (Annelida, Opheliidae) are reported from the coast of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf) after specimens collected in the intertidal and shallow subtidal, namely Ophelina arabica sp. nov. and Ophelina grandis (Pillai, 1961). The new species is mainly characterised by features of the anal tube, which is provided with about 25 annulations at each side; the ventral margins are fully fused while dorsal margins are fused at most of their length but are free at the distal end in the shape of a conspicuous incision; the posterior end is opened with free margins; the anal tube also lacks marginal papillae but bears a pair of basal papillae and an unpaired anal cirrus attached to ventral margin at mid-length. Ophelina grandis is reported for the first time in the Arabian Gulf; specimens are fully described and compared with similar species. A key for species of Ophelina in the Indo-Pacific, Southern Asia, Indo-Malay Archipelago and Australia, is also provided.</p
Actualités scientifiques / Recension d’ouvrage
No full textStépanoff C. 2021. — L’animal et la mort. Chasses, modernité et crise du sauvage. La Découverte (Sciences sociales du vivant), Paris, 379 p.Stépanoff C. 2021. — L’animal et la mort. Chasses, modernité et crise du sauvage. La Découverte (Sciences sociales du vivant), Paris, 379 p.</p
Morphology and phylogeny of a new polychaete, <i>Prionospio expansa</i> (Annelida: Spionidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, Korea
No full textA new spionid polychaete, Prionospio expansa sp. nov., collected from the intertidal habitat of the Yellow Sea in Korea, is described. The new species is closely related to P. japonica Okuda, 1935 from Northeast Asia both morphologically and genetically. They share four pairs of branchiae which are cirriform and apinnate, whereas the new species differs from P. japonica in the length of the branchiae, expansion of the anteriormost body, and size of the first notopodial postchaetal lamellae. Herein, a detailed description and illustrations of P. expansa sp. nov. are provided, with molecular data for three gene fragments: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and nuclear 18S rDNA. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments.</p
Un nouveau campterophlebiid demoiselle-libellule (Odonata: Isophlebioidea) de la formation Yanan du Jurassique moyen de la ville de Yulin, province de Shaanxi, au Nord-Ouest de la Chine
No full textLa famille Campterophlebiidae Handlirsch, 1920 est le clade jurassique dominant des Odonata Fabricius, 1793, avec notamment une forte diversité dans le Nord de la Chine. Les Campterophlebiidae de Chine proviennent principalement du Jurassique moyen de la Mongolie intérieure. Dans la présente étude, un nouveau Campterophlebiidae, Parasinitsia qingyunensis n. gen., n. sp., est décrit de la formation de Yanan du Jurassique moyen inférieur du bassin de l’Ordos, dans le nord-ouest de la Chine. Parasinitsia n. gen. ressemble au genre Sinitsia Pritykina, 2006 du Jurassique supérieur de l’est de la Transbaïkalie, mais diffère de ce dernier en ayant deux ou trois rangées de cellules entre RA et RP1 en aval du pterostigma, IR2 et RP3/4 avec au moins quatre rangées de cellules près du bord de l’aile, et CuAa avec environ 15 rangées de cellules entre elle et la marge postérieure de l’aile dans la zone la plus large. Le nouveau taxon provient d’un nouveau site d’insectes du début du Jurassique moyen du bassin de l’Ordos, fournissant de nouveaux indices pour comprendre les écosystèmes terrestres à cette époque.The family Campterophlebiidae Handlirsch, 1920 is the dominant Jurassic clade of Odonata Fabricius, 1793, especially hosting a high diversification in northern China. The Chinese campterophlebiid damsel-dragonflies were mainly recovered from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, northern China. In the present study, a new campterophlebiid, Parasinitsia qingyunensis n. gen., n. sp., is described from the early Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation of the Ordos Basin, NW China. Parasinitsia n. gen. resembles the genus Sinitsia Pritykina, 2006 recorded from the Upper Jurassic of eastern Transbaikalia, but differs from the latter in having two or three rows of cells between RA and RP1 distal of the pterostigma, IR2 and RP3/4 with at least four rows of cells near the wing margin, and CuAa with about 15 rows of cells between it and the posterior wing margin in the broadest area. The new damsel-dragonfly comes from a new early Middle Jurassic insect site from the Ordos Basin, providing new clues to understand the terrestrial ecosystems during this epoch.</p
Life in darkness: an overview of cave-adapted japygids (Hexapoda, Diplura)
No full textFew species of Japygidae (Diplura) have been discovered in cave ecosystems despite their importance as large predators. A small collection of rare specimens of this hexapod group has allowed to explore the taxonomy of japygids from caves in New Zealand, Morocco and South Africa, and to describe one new genus: Imazighenjapyx Sendra & Sánchez-García gen. nov., as well as four new species: Austrjapyx wynbergensis Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov., Imazighenjapyx marocanus Sendra & Sánchez-García gen. et sp. nov., Opisthjapyx naledi Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov. and Teljapyx aotearoa Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov. For each of the new taxa we give a comprehensive description of their habitats. These new findings resulted in a revision of the distribution and allowed to re-evaluate the morphological traits of the fifteen cave-adapted japygids species already known worldwide. The functional morphology of the remarkable abdominal pincers of Japygidae and their adaptation to predation are discussed, as well as their potential role in mating behaviour.</p
Nouvelles données géologiques et biostratigraphiques du gisement paléontologique à vertébrés de Mauvières, à Marcilly-sur-Maulne (Miocène inférieur et moyen ; Indre-et-Loire, France)
No full textLe site paléontologique de Mauvières (Indre-et-Loire, France) se situe dans le Sud-Ouest du Bassin parisien, à 55 kilomètres au Nord-Ouest de la ville de Tours. Ce site est une carrière périodiquement exploitée pour ses sables et ses faluns miocènes. En 2000, L. Ginsburg et son équipe signalent une riche faune de vertébrés continentaux de l’Orléanien inférieur (= Burdigalien inférieur-moyen, biozone MN3). Dans cette première étude, les contextes géologique et taphonomique ne sont pas détaillés. En 2020, suite à de nouveaux travaux d’aménagement du site, une étude complémentaire axée sur les données contextuelles manquantes a été réalisée. La série géologique comporte plusieurs ensembles distincts comprenant des marnes du Paléogène, des sables continentaux du Miocène inférieur, des formations carbonatées marines du Miocène inférieur à moyen et des formations superficielles de la fin du Néogène. Leur description faciologique met en évidence une relation directe entre la sédimentation néogène et le canevas structural local polyphasé. En parallèle, de nouvelles données paléontologiques ont été recueillies dans les différents niveaux fossilifères dont : des dents de Chondrichthyes et d’Osteichthyes (Rupélien ou Miocène inférieur) remaniées dans les sables continentaux de l’Orléanien inférieur, vingt-et-un taxons supplémentaires dans l’assemblage de vertébrés de l’Orléanien inférieur (biozone mammalienne européenne du Néogène du MN3) et un assemblage de mammifères terrestres de l’Orléanien moyen-supérieur (MN4 à MN5) remanié dans le conglomérat marin langhien. De plus, les positions biostratigraphiques de vertébrés terrestres du Miocène inférieur ont pu être précisées (Ligerosaurus pouiti (Augé, Bailon & Malfay, 2003)) ou confirmées (Ballusia hareni (Ginsburg, 1989), Ursavus isori Ginsburg & Morales, 1998 et Hemicyon gargan Ginsburg & Morales, 1998). Toutes ces nouvelles données (géologiques, paléontologiques et taphonomiques) confirment que le site paléontologique de Mauvières devrait rentrer dans la liste nationale des sites géologiques patrimoniaux à conserver.The paleontological locality of Mauvières (Indre-et-Loire, France) is located in the South-West part of the Paris Basin, 55 kilometers North-West of the city of Tours. This site is a quarry that is periodically exploited for Miocene sands and shelly sands. In 2000, L. Ginsburg and his collaborators identified a rich fauna of continental vertebrates from the early Orleanian (=early-middle Burdigalian, Orleanian European Land Mammal Age [ELMA] MN3 biozone). In this first study, the geological and taphonomic contexts were not precised. In 2020, following new excavation work in the quarry, a new study focusing on the missing contextual data started has been launched. The geological succession includes several distinct formations: Paleogene marls, Lower Miocene continental sands, Lower to Middle Miocene marine carbonates and Upper Neogene superficial deposits. Their faciological analysis highlights a direct relationship between the Neogene sedimentation and local tectonic controls. In parallel, new paleontological data from the different fossiliferous levels were collected, including: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes teeth (Rupelian or Early Miocene) reworked in the lower Orleanian continental sands, twenty-one additional taxa in the early Orleanian vertebrate assemblages (MN3) and a terrestrial mammal assemblage from the middle-late Orleanian (=Langhian standard age, biozone MN4 à MN5) reworked in the marine Langhian conglomerate. In addition, the biostratigraphic position of Early Miocene terrestrial vertebrates have been clarified (Ligerosaurus pouiti (Augé, Bailon & Malfay, 2003)) and confirmed (Ballusia hareni (Ginsburg, 1989), Ursavus isori Ginsburg & Morales, 1998 and Hemicyon gargan Ginsburg & Morales, 1998). All these new data (geological, paleontological and taphonomic) confirm that the paleontological site of Mauvières should be included in the national list of French geological heritage sites to be preserved.</p
Taxonomie et paléoécologie du champignon anamorphique fossile <i>Mycoenterolobium eccentricum</i> (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb.
No full textDes microrestes de champignons provenant de gisements du Néogène du Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee, États-Unis) et de la mine de lignite de Bełchatów (Pologne), similaires à l’énigmatique espèce fossile Kutchiathyrites eccentricus R.K. Kar, 1979, ont été réévalués comme des représentants du genre mitosporique moderne Mycoenterolobium Goos, 1970. Une combinaison nouvelle, Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb., est proposée. La répartition géographique et stratigraphique, ainsi que l’écologie des espèces fossiles et modernes de Mycoenterolobium sont discutées. Les restes étudiés de Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb. constituent le premier enregistrement fossile de ce champignon pour l’Amérique du Nord et l’Europe, tandis que la mine de Bełchatów représente l’occurrence fossile et moderne la plus septentrionale connue du genre Mycoenterolobium. Les espèces modernes et fossiles de Mycoenterolobium semblent préférer les climats chauds (tropicaux à tempérés chauds), généralement humides. Elles sont associées à des débris végétaux (principalement du bois) en décomposition dans un milieu humide ou aquatique. Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb. est proposé comme indicateur palynomorphe non pollinique (NPP) pour les reconstructions paléoclimatiques et paléoenvironnementales.Microremains of fungi from Neogene deposits from the Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee, United States) and the Bełchatów Lignite Mine (Poland), similar to the enigmatic fossil-species Kutchiathyrites eccentricus R.K. Kar, 1979, were reconsidered as representatives of the modern mitosporic genus Mycoenterolobium Goos, 1970. A new combination, Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb., is proposed. The geographical and stratigraphical range and ecology of the fossil and modern Mycoenterolobium species are discussed. Investigated remains of Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb. document the first fossil record of this fungus from both Northern America and Europe, while the Bełchatów mine represents the northernmost known fossil and modern occurrence of the Mycoenterolobium genus. Both modern and fossil species of Mycoenterolobium seem to prefer warm (tropical to warm temperate), usually humid climates. They are associated with plant debris (mainly wood) decaying in a damp or aquatic environment. Mycoenterolobium eccentricum (R.K. Kar) G. Worobiec, n. comb. is suggested to be used as a non-pollen palynomorph proxy for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.</p