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<i>Mollinedia</i> <i>arianeae</i> Lírio & M.Pignal, sp. nov. (Mollinedieae, Mollinedioideae, Monimiaceae) : une nouvelle espèce microendémique de la forêt atlantique dans l’état de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil
No full textDans cet article, nous décrivons Mollinedia arianeae Lírio & M.Pignal, sp. nov., une nouvelle espèce microendémique du Parc national d’Itatiaia, dans l’état de Rio de Janeiro, au Brésil. La nouvelle espèce est très similaire à M. jorgearum Peixoto et M. leucantha Molz & D.Silveira et se différencie d’elles principalement par le port, la forme et la couleur des feuilles une fois séchées, le type et l’indument de l’inflorescence, la forme du réceptacle et le contour des tépales des fleurs staminées. Nous fournissons une description morphologique, une comparaison avec les espèces apparentées, la distribution géographique, des commentaires sur l’écologie et une évaluation préliminaire du risque d’extinction. Au-delà du lectorat académique, nous pensons qu’il est indispensable de promouvoir la science, la technologie et l’éducation au Brésil. Nous proposons donc aussi un résumé en portugais destiné aux botanistes amateurs et aux étudiants qui pourraient être intéressés par ce travail.In this paper we describe Mollinedia arianeae Lírio & M.Pignal, sp. nov., a new microendemic species from the Itatiaia National Park, at the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The new species is most similar to M. jorgearum Peixoto and M. leucantha Molz & D.Silveira, being differentiated of them mainly by the habit, shape and colour of leaves when dried, type and indumentum of inflorescence, shape of the receptacle and margin of tepals shape in staminate flowers. We provide a morphological description, a comparison with related species, geographic distribution, comments on ecology and a preliminary extinction risk assessment. Beyond the academic readership, we believe that it is essential to promote science, technology and education in Brazil. We therefore also propose a summary in Portuguese intended for amateur botanists and students who may be interested in this work.</p
Seven new species of<I> Lasioglossum</I> (<I>Dialictus</I>) Robertson, 1902 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini) from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
No full textLasioglossum is a large genus of halictid bees with high species diversity in morphologically rather cryptic species groups. With more than 1900 described species, the taxonomy of the genus is complex and largely unresolved in many regions. For practical reasons, systematic reviews are restricted in scope either geographically or to particular species groups. In this study we focus on the subgenus Dialictus of the genus Lasioglossum from the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. In previous studies we identified members of the genus as important pollinators of cash crops in the region, and genetic analyses suggested the existence of seven molecular taxonomic units (mOTU). Based on additional morphological differences, we here describe these mOTUs as novel species, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) yucatanense Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) paxtoni Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) ameshoferi Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) aureoviride Landaverde-González & Husemann sp. nov., L. (D.) paralepidii Gardner sp. nov., L. (D.) milpa Landaverde-González sp. nov. and L. (D.) nanotegula Landaverde-González & Husemann sp. nov., and provide keys and images to assist in their identification.</p
Trois nouvelles espèces du genre <i>Russula</i> Pers. provenant de forêts dominées par le Sal en Inde tropicale, décrites d’après la morphotaxonomie et l’analyse phylogénétique multigénique
No full textDepuis 2013, des expéditions macrofongiques de routine ont été menées dans plusieurs zones forestières dominées par Shorea robusta C.F.Gaertn. dans l’est tropical de l’Inde (Bihar, Jharkhand et Bengale occidental). Trois nouvelles espèces de Russula Pers. collectées récemment dans ces états de l’Inde, Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. dans le subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon, emend. Buyck & V.Hofst., R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. dans le subg. Russula emend. Buyck & V.Hofst., et R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. dans le subg. Heterophyllidiae Romagnesi, emend. Buyck & V.Hofst., sont décrites sur la base de la morphotaxonomie et des données moléculaires. Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. se caractérise par un pileus de taille moyenne à grande (30-160 mm), un noircissement plus intense de la chair après une coupe ou une blessure, des lames inégales en plusieurs séries et avec des bifurcations présentes à différentes distances du stipe, l’absence de pileocystidia, une réticulation plus forte de l’ornementation des spores, des terminaisons hyphales plus fines dans le pileipellis et sa présence sous des diptérocarpes en Asie. Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. est unique par son pileus de taille réduite (10-45 mm), ses « hyphes primordiales » très longues, généralement avec de fortes incrustations couvrant la plupart de la surface, ses spores nettement plus petites et sa présence sous Shorea robusta. D’autre part, R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. se caractérise par sa chair insipide et inodore, et est ectomycorhizien avec Shorea robusta. Des descriptions morphologiques détaillées et illustrées pour ces trois espèces sont fournies. Leurs positions systématiques précises sont déterminées sur les bases d’une analyse phylogénétique de l’ITS et une analyse combinée multigénique (nrLSU-mtSSU-rpb2).Since 2013, routine macrofungal explorations have been carried out in several Shorea robusta-dominated forest areas of tropical eastern India (Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal). Three novel species of Russula Pers. collected recently from these states of India, Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. in subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon, emend. Buyck & V.Hofst., R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. in subg. Russula emend. Buyck & V.Hofst., and R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. in subg. Heterophyllidiae Romagnesi, emend. Buyck & V.Hofst., are described based on morphotaxonomy and molecular data. Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. is characterised by medium to large-sized (30-160 mm) pileus, a more intense blackening of the flesh after cutting or bruising, the unequal, polydymous lamellae with some forkings present at different distances from the stipe, the absence of pileocystidia, the stronger reticulation of the spore ornamentation, the more-slender hyphal endings in the pileipellis and its occurrence under dipterocarps in Asia. Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. is unique in having very small to medium sized (10-45 mm) pileus, very long “primordial” hyphae usually with strong incrustations covering most of the surface, distinctly smaller spores and occurrence under Shorea robusta C.F.Gaertn. On the other hand, R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. is characterised by the absence of strong celery-like taste and odour, and is ectomycorrhizal with Shorea robusta. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic analyses of ITS and three-locus (combined nrLSU-mtSSU-rpb2) phylogeny for these three species are presented in this communication. Comparisons with morphologically similar and genetically related species are also provided.</p
New fossil records of Xyelidae (Hymenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China – Corrigendum
No full textA new genus and two new species of Xyelidae Newman, 1834 (Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758), Platyxyela tenuis sp. nov. and Scleroxyela daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov. are described and illustrated from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Beds of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China. Platyxyela tenuis sp. nov. (Xyelinae Newman, 1834, Liadoxyelini Rasnitsyn, 1966) can be distinguished from its congeners by short forewing length and ovipositor sheath strongly narrowed toward acute apex. Scleroxyela daohugouensis gen. et sp. nov. is placed within Macroxyelinae Ashmead, 1898, Xyeleciini Benson, 1945 based on pterositigma completely sclerotised and costal space sclerotised before ptrostigma, 1-Rs half as long as 1-M, and 1m-cu short. It is the fi rst recorded species of Xyeleciini in Daohugou Beds. Furthermore, an updated key of identifi cation of subfamilies and tribes of Xyelidae is provided. Our fi ndings of new morphological data provide insights into the early evolution of Hymenoptera, as well as eff ectively enrich our understanding of the diversity of Xyelidae in the Mesozoic.</p
Quatre nouvelles espèces de <i>Tephromela</i> M.Choisy (Ascomycota, Tephromelataceae), trois contenant de la lichexanthone, du Brésil et du Mexique
No full textQuatre nouvelles espèces de Tephromela M.Choisy sont décrites ici. Trois sont des espèces corticoles du Brésil : T. multireflexa Aptroot & M.F.Souza, sp. nov., récoltée dans la Chapada dos Guimarães, municipalité de Cuiabá, une région du Cerrado dans l’état du Mato Grosso ; T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov., collectée à Caraça, à Campo rupestre dans l’état de Minas Gerais ; et T. vinacea L.A.Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, sp. nov., collectée dans le Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau, municipalité de Buique, une région de Caatinga dans l’état de Pernambuco, avec des spécimens supplémentaires du Mato Grosso do Sul. Toutes sont similaires à T. atra (Huds.) Hafellner en termes de caractéristiques morphologiques et anatomiques, mais diffèrent principalement par des métabolites secondaires, ainsi que partiellement par les dimensions des ascospores et l’écologie du substrat : lichexanthone dans les marges apothéciales et acide α-collatolique dans la médulla de la marge apothéciale chez T. multireflexa Aptroot & M.F.Souza, sp. nov. ; lichexanthone dans le thalle et la marge apothéciale (inégalement épaissie) chez T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov. ; et des acides gras dans T. vinacea L.A.Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, sp. nov. Les données moléculaires pour T. vinacea L.A.Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, sp. nov. et T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov., démontrent qu’elles ne sont pas étroitement apparentées à T. atra, mais font partie d’un clade précédemment non reconnu apparemment limité à l’Amérique du Sud, plusieurs d’entre elles restant non décrites. Une autre espèce saxicole, T. xanthonica Guzmán-Guillermo, sp. nov., est nouvellement décrite du Brésil et du Mexique ; elle est similaire à T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov. et T. velloziae Kalb dans la production de lichexanthone dans le thalle et les marges apothéciales, mais diffère par son écologie de substrat et par son thalle aréolé. Deux espèces supplémentaires décrites du Brésil sont ici combinées dans le genre : T. carassensis (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, comb. nov. et T. epichlorina (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, comb. nov. Une clé est fournie pour les 17 espèces de Tephromela actuellement connues du Brésil.Four new species of Tephromela M.Choisy are described here. Three are corticolous species from Brazil: T. multireflexa Aptroot & M.F.Souza, sp. nov., collected in the Chapada dos Guimarães, municipality of Cuiabá, a Cerrado region in the state of Mato Grosso; T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov., collected in Caraça, in Campo rupestre in Minas Gerais state; and T. vinacea L.A.Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, sp. nov., collected in the Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau, municipality of Buique, a Caatinga region in the state of Pernambuco, with additional specimens from Mato Grosso do Sul. All are somewhat similar to T. atra (Huds.) Hafellner in morphological and anatomical features but differ chiefly in secondary chemistry, as well as partially in ascospore dimensions and substrate ecology: lichexanthone in the apothecial margins and α-collatolic acid in the medulla of the apothecial margin in T. multireflexa Aptroot & M.F.Souza, sp. nov.; lichexanthone in the thallus and the (unevenly thickened) apothecial margin in T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov.; and fatty acids in T. vinacea L.A.Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, sp. nov. Molecular data for T. vinacea L.A.Santos, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres, sp. nov. and T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov., demonstrate that they are not closely related to T. atra but form part of a previously unrecognized clade apparently restricted to South America, several of them remaining undescribed. A further new, saxicolous species, T. xanthonica Guzmán-Guillermo, sp. nov., is described from Brazil and Mexico; it is similar to T. obesimarginata L.A.Santos, Aptroot & M.Cáceres, sp. nov. and T. velloziae Kalb in producing lichexanthone in the thallus and apothecial margins, but differs in its substrate ecology and in having an areolate thallus. Two additional species described from Brazil are here combined into the genus: T. carassensis (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, comb. nov. and T. epichlorina (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking, comb. nov. A key is given for the 17 Tephromela species now known from Brazil.</p
Revision of the Nearctic species of the <I>Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum</I> species complex (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
No full textThe Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum species complex, also known as the L. tegulare species group and the L. parvum species complex, is a very common, widespread, diverse, and recognisable lineage of sweat bees, containing 22 previously described species and several known undescribed species. The species were recently revised for the eastern Nearctic region and the Greater Antilles, but remain poorly known in the western Nearctic along with most other L. (Dialictus). These characteristics make it a prime candidate for revision in ongoing taxonomic work on the western Nearctic L. (Dialictus). Here we present the results of this revision, including 10 new species descriptions, one new synonymy, a preliminary phylogeny, and keys to known Nearctic species. Species of the eastern Nearctic and a few primarily Neotropical species which can occur in the Nearctic are also included. We report that the L. (D.) gemmatum species complex is likely a monophyletic group arising from the L. (D.) comulum group, but that the enlarged tegula has arisen independently in at least two other L. (Dialictus) lineages, and it contains multiple cases of allopatric speciation. The following species are described as new: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) angelicum sp. nov., L. (D.) deludens sp. nov., L. (D.) diabolicum sp. nov., L. (D.) eremum sp. nov., L. (D.) gloriosum sp. nov., L. (D.) indagator sp. nov., L. (D.) holzenthali sp. nov., L. (D.) magnitegula sp. nov., L. (D.) profundum sp. nov., and L. (D.) rufodeludens sp. nov. Previously undescribed males of L. (D.) perparvum (Ellis, 1914) and L. (D.) pseudotegulare (Cockerell, 1896) and the female of L. (D.) gaudiale (Sandhouse, 1924) are diagnosed and figured for the first time. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) hunteri (Crawford, 1932) is a new subjective junior synonym of L. (D.) ellisiae (Sandhouse, 1924). Pre-2022 specimen records of L. (D.) hunteri and L. (D.) tegulariforme (Crawford, 1907) are attributable to a heterogeneous mix of species, and records of L. (D.) perparvum are likely attributable to L. (D.) deludens.</p
Taxonomic revision of <I>Bergera</I> J.Koenig ex L. (Rutaceae) based on the molecular phylogeny and morphology
No full textSeveral phylogenetic studies have revealed that Murraya s. lat. is not monophyletic, suggesting that it should be split into two genera, namely Murraya s. str. and Bergera J.Koenig ex L. Here, the genus Bergera is comprehensively revised based on molecular and morphological data. The genus consists of 11 species in total, including all species previously placed in Murraya sect. Bergera and an additional species previously placed in Murraya sect. Murraya. Ten new combinations are proposed, namely Bergera alternifolia (Kurz) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. crenulata (Turcz.) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. euchrestifolia (Hayata) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. glabra (Guillemin) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. kwangsiensis (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. macrophylla (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. microphylla (Merr. & Chun) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. siamensis (Craib) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. stenocarpa (Drake) F.J.Mou comb. nov., and B. tetramera (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov. An identification key of the 11 species and morphological descriptions are provided, as well as illustrations of diagnostic characteristics. Phylogenetic relationships of the species in Bergera are discussed.</p
Anatomies des <i>Anatomai</i> d’Aristote
No full textMon objectif est d’explorer les questions critiques et méthodologiques liées à la reconstruction éventuelle des Anatomai, en partant de l’hypothèse qu’une telle reconstruction devrait se fonder sur un examen des textes et des contextes dans lesquels Aristote fait référence aux Anatomai et au rôle qu’il leur attribue dans l’enquête sur les différences et les causes en biologie. Je discute de manière critique les références faites par Aristote aux expériences de dissection, en les comparant aux références qu’il fait aux représentations anatomiques dans le but de montrer qu’aux yeux d’Aristote la valeur scientifique des preuves imagées n’est pas inférieure à l’expérience directe de la dissection, et qu’elle peut même avoir une priorité épistémologique. Les allusions d’Aristote à des expériences de dissection proprement dites évoquent souvent des procédures extrêmement simples. Cette simplicité semble incompatible avec la complexité des techniques anatomiques requises pour obtenir la quantité et la précision de détails qu’Aristote semble tirer des dessins anatomiques des Anatomai. D’autre part, Aristote a tendance à se concentrer, dans ses expériences anatomiques, sur un petit nombre de parties distinctives des animaux. Il semble donc peu probable que les Anatomai aient pu présenter un compte rendu encyclopédique de l’anatomie comparée. Pour rendre compte de ce clivage entre l’expérimentation anatomique et la représentation morphologique, je tente de décrire l’approche d’Aristote en établissant une distinction entre une anatomie du « quoi » et une anatomie du « pourquoi ».My aim here is to explore the critical and methodological issues involved in a potential reconstruction of the Anatomai, based on the underlying assumption that such a reconstruction should be based on an examination of the texts and contexts in which Aristotle refers to the Anatomai and the role he ascribes to them in the enquiry into differences and causes in biology. I critically discuss Aristotle’s references to dissection experiments by comparing them with references to anatomical representations in an attempt to show that in Aristotle’s eyes the scientific value of pictorial evidence is not inferior to the direct experience of dissection but may indeed have epistemological priority. Aristotle’s reference to actual dissection experiments often refers to extremely simple procedures. This simplicity seems incompatible with the complexity of the anatomical techniques required to obtain the amount and accuracy of detail that Aristotle seems to gather from the anatomical drawings of the Anatomai. On the other hand, Aristotle tends to focus in his anatomical experiments on a few distinctive parts of animals. It thus seems unlikely that the Anatomai could have presented an encyclopaedic account of comparative anatomy. To account for this cleavage between anatomical experimentation and morphological representation, I attempt to describe Aristotle’s approach by distinguishing between an anatomy of the “what” and an anatomy of the “why”.</p
Re-appraisal of thylacocephalans (Euarthropoda, Thylacocephala) from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte
No full textThylacocephalans are enigmatic euarthropods, known at least from the Silurian to the Cretaceous. Despite remaining uncertainties concerning their anatomy, key features can be recognised such as a shield enveloping most of the body, hypertrophied compound eyes, three pairs of raptorial appendages and a posterior trunk consisting of eight up to 22 segments bearing appendages and eight pairs of gills. Well-known for its euarthropod diversity, the La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte (Callovian, Middle Jurassic, France) has provided many remains of four thylacocephalan species so far: Dollocaris ingens, Kilianicaris lerichei, Paraostenia voultensis and Clausocaris ribeti. In this paper, we study the type material as well as undescribed material. The re-description of La Voulte thylacocephalans reveals an unexpected diversity, with the description of two new species, Austriocaris secretanae sp. nov. and Paraclausocaris harpa gen. et sp. nov., and of specimens of Mayrocaris, a taxon originally described from Solnhofen Lagerstätten. We also reassign Clausocaris ribeti to Ostenocaris. The reappraisal of La Voulte thylacocephalans also provides important insight into the palaeobiology of Thylacocephala. New key anatomical features are described, such as an oval structure or a putative statocyst, which indicate a nektonic or nektobenthic lifestyle. Finally, we document a juvenile stage for Paraostenia voultensis.</i
Revision of the deep-water cone snail fauna from New Caledonia (Gastropoda, Conoidea)
No full textThe present work reviews the deep-water cone fauna of New Caledonia and its Economic Exclusive Zone. It is based on the material collected for more than 40 years by oceanographic expeditions in the deep waters surrounding New Caledonia, organized by the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle-Paris/ORSTOM, then Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, in the framework of the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos programme. A total of 2377 lots containing 5113 specimens collected at depths between 100 and 1260 m have been examined. About 770 specimens were collected live, and allowed for radular and DNA studies. A phylogenetic analysis, based on the cox1 gene, of the deep-water cone snail fauna of New Caledonia is presented, along with a detailed, fully illustrated taxonomic account with data on geographic and bathymetric distribution and radular morphology. A total of 76 different species of cone snails were identified among the collected material. Of these, 22 corresponded to typical shallow water species, which were most likely translocated into deeper water, whereas 54 could be considered true components of the deep water (below 100 m) cone snail fauna. Species of the genus Profundiconus represent 22%, whereas those of the genera Conasprella and Conus represent 28% and 50%, respectively. Eleven deep water cone species can be considered as endemic to the New Caledonia EEZ, representing 20.3% of the total. The most abundant species found (more than 400 specimens each) were Conus (Afonsoconus) bruuni, Conasprella (Boucheticonus) alisi, Conasprella (Conasprella) boucheti, and Profundiconus vaubani. The new species Conus (Taranteconus) samadiae sp. nov. is hereby described.</p