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Les tabous alimentaires dans l’Ibérie médiévale : la zooarchéologie des différences socioculturelles
No full textLes idées sur ce qu’est un bon animal, ce qui constitue un mauvais animal ou un animal transgresseur, et pourquoi certains d’entre eux sont jugés aptes à la consommation et d’autres non, ont déterminé la vie des hommes et des femmes, et des animaux non humains. Les tabous alimentaires sont en effet un facteur clé pour comprendre les relations entre les hommes et les animaux et les modes d’autodéfinition socioculturelle et religieuse, mais ils ont étonnamment occupé peu de place dans la recherche archéologique jusqu’à présent. La péninsule ibérique médiévale était un creuset de différents groupes socioculturels et religieux. Leur recherche et leur éventuelle visibilité à travers les archives zooarchéologiques sont des sujets qui ont reçu une attention croissante au cours des dernières années. Dans cet article, les preuves zooarchéologiques disponibles seront examinées, en privilégiant la visibilité des habitudes alimentaires des communautés chrétiennes, juives et musulmanes. En outre, les résultats préliminaires de l’analyse des restes fauniques récupérés sur le site juif de Santa Marta, à Pancorbo (Burgos) sont présentés.The lives of both humans and non-human animals are determined by ideas about what makes an animal good or bad, or why some animals are deemed suitable to be eaten and some do not. Food taboos are indeed a key factor for understanding human-animal relationships and ways of socio-cultural and religious self-definition, but have surprisingly occupied little space in archaeological research so far. The medieval Iberian Peninsula was a melting pot of different socio-cultural and religious groups. Their research and their possible visibility through the zooarchaeological record are topics that have received increasing attention over the last few years. In this paper, the available zooarchaeological evidence will be reviewed, focusing on the visibility of dietary habits of Christian, Jewish and Muslim communities. Moreover, the preliminary results of the analysis of the faunal remains recovered at the Jewish site of Santa Marta, in Pancorbo (Burgos) are presented.</p
Caractérisation moléculaire et morpho-taxonomie de <i>Gambierdiscus caribaeus</i> Vandersea, Litaker, M.A.Faust, Kibler, W.C.Holland & P.A.Tester (Dinophyceae) de l’île Maurice, sud-ouest de l’océan Indien
No full textLes espèces du genre de dinoflagellés benthiques marins Gambierdiscus Adachi & Fukuyo sont morphologiquement similaires, et des analyses de séquences basées sur l’ADN sont nécessaires pour compléter la détermination morphologique des espèces. Les espèces de Gambierdiscus peuvent produire des ciguatoxines, agents responsables de la maladie humaine qu’est la ciguatera (CP). Dans cette étude, des descriptions morphologiques, basées sur des cultures en laboratoire, réalisées par microscopie optique et électronique à balayage, et une caractérisation basée sur l’ADN d’une souche (ISOG4) isolée de Petite Rivière Noire, Maurice sont fournies. Nos observations morphologiques couplées aux analyses de séquences basées sur l’ADN indiquent que la souche mauricienne est Gambierdiscus caribaeus Vandersea, Litaker, M.A.Faust, Kibler, W.C.Holland & P.A.Tester. Notre souche est très similaire (LSU 99 %) à Gambierdiscus caribaeus (GenBank[KY448444]) isolé des îles Canaries, Espagne, et les résultats phylogénétiques la décrivent comme sœur de G. jejuensis S.H.Jang & H.J.Jeong. Gambierdiscus caribaeus (ISOG4) est ici signalé pour la première fois à l’île Maurice et dans la région des Mascareignes.Species of the marine benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus Adachi & Fukuyo are morphologically similar, and DNA based sequence analyses are necessary to complement morphological species determination. Gambierdiscus species may produce ciguatoxins, the causative agents of human illness ciguatera poisoning (CP). In this study, morphological descriptions, based on laboratory cultures, using light and scanning electron microscopy and DNA based characterisation of one strain (ISOG4) isolated from Petite Rivière Noire, Mauritius are provided. Our morphological observations coupled with DNA based sequence analyses indicate that the Mauritian strain is Gambierdiscus caribaeus Vandersea, Litaker, M.A.Faust, Kibler, W.C.Holland & P.A.Tester. Our strain bears close similarity (LSU 99% identity) to Gambierdiscus caribaeus (GenBank[KY448444]) isolated from Canary Islands, Spain, and phylogenetic results depict it as sister to G. jejuensis S.H.Jang & H.J.Jeong. Gambierdiscus caribaeus (ISOG4) is herein a first report from Mauritius Island and the Mascarene region.</p
Four new species of <I>Alloxysta</I> (Hym.: Cynipoidea: Figitidae: Charipinae) from Petr Starý’s collection
No full textAfter the revision of Petr Starý’s Charipinae collection, four new species of Alloxysta Förster, 1869 have been found. This collection represents a good overview of the Charipinae fauna worldwide, although the best represented area is Central Europe. Here, we describe four new species of Alloxysta: A. llumae Ferrer-Suay sp. nov., A. onae Ferrer-Suay sp. nov., A. poli Ferrer-Suay sp. nov. and A. staryi Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar sp. nov. Three of these new species are based on reared specimens. Diagnosis, distribution, and description of the new species are given and illustrated.</p
<I>Leviapseudes tethys</I> (Tanaidacea: Apseudidae), a new species from a submarine canyon of the French Mediterranean Sea, with remarks and a diagnosis for the genus
No full textA new species of Apseudidae is described from a submarine canyon in the Mediterranean Sea, Leviapseudes tethys sp. nov. The species was sampled at 600 m depth on deep muddy sand. The new species is characterized by the presence of processes on both sides of the rostrum, a pinnate seta on the inner distal margin of the maxillipedal endite, smooth distal spines of the labium palp, two spines on the cheliped basis, three ventral spines on pereopod 1 basis and an unarticulated pleopod exopod. This is the second species and the third record of the genus in the Mediterranean Sea, and raises the number of tanaid species known from the deep Mediterranean Sea to a total of 16. The diagnosis of the genus is amended in light of the new data and re-evaluation of previous works. The new species presents a set of characters that provide novel insights to understanding the diversity and taxonomy of the Leviapseudinae, as well as their geographic distribution. Finally, a list of all deep-sea Tanaidacea known in the Mediterranean Sea is provided.</p
<i>Merianthera calyptrata</i> sp. nov. (Melastomataceae, Myrtales), a new candelabriform species from Minas Gerais, Brazil
No full textMerianthera is a genus of flowering plants with up to now seven species occurring in eastern Brazil, in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais. It belongs to the tribe Pyramieae (Melastomataceae), and can be recognized by its shrubby or treelet habit with caducous leaves, 5-merous flowers with a strongly zygomorphic androecium, the latter with dimorphic stamens bearing complex dorsal connective appendages, as well as an inferior ovary and capsular fruits. We describe here a new species of Merianthera from two collections and a photographic record, all from the same locality, an inselberg in the Municipality of Jacinto, in northeastern Minas Gerais. Its candelabriform habit, with a fistulose stem, and solitary, axillary or cauliflorous flowers are only shared with M. burlemarxii. However, M. calyptrata R.Goldenb., Bochorny & Fraga sp. nov. has at least three characters that are absent in M. burlemarxii and all other species in the genus: the total absence of both a peduncle and bracteoles, the calyptrate calyx and the fruits developing from inferior ovaries and dehiscing through longitudinal slits. The first character appears to be unknown in other species in the family.</p
<i>Palaeophylolestes distinctus</i> n. gen., n. sp., un nouvelle demoiselle malachite (Odonata: Zygoptera: Synlestidae) de la localité paléocène de Menat (France).
No full textUne nouvelle demoiselle malachite, Palaeophylolestes distinctus n. gen., n. sp., est décrite de la localité Paléocène de Menat. Elle se distingue des autres Synlestidae par des nervures alaires MA, MP et CuA très longues et une unique combinaison de traits de nervation alaire. L’occurrence d’un Synlestidae dans la zone Paléarctique occidentale (tandis que les espèces actuelles sont présentes en Australie, dans la région orientale, en Asie du sud-est, en Afrique du Sud et en Hispaniola) n’est pas inattendue considérant le registre fossile connu de ces insectes et les conditions climatiques régnant à Menat au Paléocène.A new malachite damselfly, Palaeophylolestes distinctus n. gen., n. sp., is described from the Paleocene Menat locality. It can be distinguished from other Synlestidae owing to the very long wing veins MA, MP and CuA, and a unique combination of other wing venation features. The occurrence of a Synlestidae in the western Palaearctic area (while extant species occur in Australia, the Oriental region, South-East Asia, South Africa and Hispaniola) is not unexpected given the known fossil record of these insects and climatic conditions prevailing at Menat during the Paleocene.</p
A new species of the genus <i>Paraxenos Saunders</i>, 1872 (Strepsiptera: Xenidae) from <i>Bembix</i> digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Bembicidae) and a redescription of <i>Paraxenos hungaricus</i> (Székessy, 1955)
No full textA new species of Strepsiptera of the genus Paraxenos Saunders, 1872 (Xenidae) from the United Arab Emirates is described. It was recorded from the host species Bembix kohli Morice, 1897 and represents the first occurrence of Paraxenos from Bembix Fabricius, 1775 in the Afrotropical region. A detailed redescription of the female cephalothorax of Paraxenos hungaricus (Székessy, 1955) is provided, together with the first description of the male cephalotheca. The holotype of Paraxenos krombeini Kifune & Hirashima, 1987 was redescribed. Additionally, a key for parasites of Bembix among Paraxenos species is provided based on characters of the female cephalothorax and male cephalotheca. The distribution and conservation status of Paraxenos spp. on Bembix are also discussed.</p
Born from rock: eight new species of <i>Itauara</i> Müller, 1888 (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from southeastern Brazil, including phylogenetic and distributional comments on the genus
No full textEight new species of Itauara Müller, 1888 are described based on specimens collected in southeastern Brazil: I. bispinata sp. nov., I. caparao sp. nov., I. cipoensis sp. nov., I. cristata sp. nov., I. holzenthali sp. nov., I. mangaratiba sp. nov., I. robertsonae sp. nov., and I. rupicola sp. nov. In addition, we provided an updated distributional list of species of Itauara, with new records of I. jamesii Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011 and I. lucinda Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011 for Espírito Santo State (Brazil), I. plaumanni (Flint, 1974) for Paraná State (Brazil), and I. tusci Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011 for Minas Gerais State (Brazil). We performed an equal weighted parsimony analysis adding the new species to the dataset provided by Robertson & Holzenthal (2013), with modification of the interpretation of some morphological characters. The genus was recovered as monophyletic, but overall statistic support for clades was weak. Itauara is restricted to South America and has a disjunct distribution, with some species occurring in northern South America and others in southeastern South America. Probably, the diversification of Itauara in South America is related to the connections between the Amazon Forest and the Atlantic Forest through historical events at different times.</p
Des fossiles récemment découverts fournissent de nouvelles informations sur la biologie du serpent miocène sud-américain <i>Colombophis </i>Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977
No full textColombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977 est un serpent alethinophidien qui a habité l’Amérique du Sud du Miocène moyen au Miocène supérieur. Depuis sa découverte, sa position dans l’arbre phylogénétique des serpents a été controversée, car sa description était basée uniquement sur des éléments postcrâniens. Ici, nous décrivons plusieurs fossiles, représentant potentiellement 50 individus appartenant à ce genre, qui ont été découverts dans le désert de La Tatacoa, en Colombie. De plus, nous rapportons pour la première fois la présence de foramina parazygantraux dans les vertèbres de Colombophis, qui sont similaires à ceux observés sur les mastoïdes. Bien que la plupart des fossiles décrits soient fragmentaires, ils soutiennent le placement de ce serpent parmi les alethinophidiens. De plus, compte tenu de la taille des vertèbres, nous suggérons un potentiel mode de vie non fouisseur.Colombophis Hoffstetter & Rage, 1977 was an alethinophidian snake that inhabited South America from Middle to Late Miocene. Since its discovery, its position within the phylogenetic tree of snakes has been controversial, due the fact that it is a taxon based solely on postcranial elements. Here, we describe several fossils, potentially representing 50 individuals belonging to this genus, which were discovered in La Tatacoa desert, Colombia. Furthermore, we report for the first time the presence of parazygantral foramina in Colombophis vertebrae, which are similar to those observed on madtsoiids. Although most of the fossils described herein are fragmentary, they support the placement of this snake among the alethinophidians. Additionally, considering the vertebrae size, we suggest a potential non-fossorial lifestyle.</p
Les Caecidae de l’expédition BIOMAGLO dans la zone Mayotte-Glorieuses (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
No full textLes Caecidae J. E. Gray, 1850 collectés lors de l’expédition BIOMAGLO, menée par le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, dans la zone Mayotte-Glorieuses en 2017 sont révisés. Malgré la profondeur des biotopes échantillonnés, inadaptés à la plupart des membres de cette famille, 320 spécimens ont été collectés, appartenant à 11 espèces, dont deux nouvelles pour la science, Caecum biomaglo n. sp. et C. iricolor n. sp. Toutes les espèces signalées sont illustrées, ainsi qu’un autre spécimen indéterminé, appartenant peut-être à une espèce non décrite.The Caecidae J. E. Gray, 1850 collected during the BIOMAGLO Expedition, carried out by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, in the Mayotte-Glorieuses area in 2017 are revised. Despite the depth of the biotopes sampled, unsuitable for most members of this family, 320 specimens were collected, belonging to 11 species, two of which are new to science, Caecum biomaglo n. sp. and C. iricolor n. sp. All recorded species are illustrated, along with a further indeterminate specimen, possibly belonging to an undescribed species.</p