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Genre nouveau d’archéocyathes de la Formation d’Issafen (Groupe de Tata), Anti-Atlas occidental, Maroc
No full textUn genre nouveau d’archéocyathes a été découvert dans la Formation d’Issafen (Groupe de Tata), dans l’Anti-Atlas occidental du Maroc. Ce genre a été identifié et rattaché à la famille des Carinacyathidae, qui est présente en Mongolie, en Russie et au Maroc au cours du Cambrien inférieur. Ce genre et espèce nouvellement décrit est nommé: Fouanoucyathus tafraoutiensis El Bakhouch & Kerner, n. gen., n. sp. Cette découverte pourrait améliorer considérablement notre compréhension des caractéristiques morphologiques, de l’histoire évolutive des archéocyathes de même que la diversité de cette faune dans l’Anti-Atlas occidental du Maroc.A new archaeocyathan genus had been discovered in the Issafen Formation of the Tata Group, in the western Anti-Atlas of Morocco. It had been identified and assigned to the family Carinacyathidae, which was previously known to have existed in Mongolia, Russia and Morocco during the later early Cambrian. This newly described genus and species is named: Fouanoucyathus tafraoutiensis El Bakhouch & Kerner, n. gen., n. sp. This discovery improves significantly our understanding of the morphological evolutionary history among archaeocyaths as well as of the archaeocyath diversification in the western Anti-Atlas of Morocco.</p
Les Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) du Pléistocène de l’île de Rhodes (Grèce) et leur importance paléoécologique
No full textLes conidés du Miocène supérieur de Grèce ont été récemment étudiés et ont révélé une faune tropicale très diversifiée de 33 espèces, mais cette diversité a diminué au cours du Pliocène (environ six espèces). Dès le Pléistocène, quatre espèces ont déjà été recensées dans l’île de Rhodes (Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus Gmelin, 1791 (synonyme de Conus (Lautoconus) mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, Chelyconus pelagicus (sensu Chirli & Forli, 2011, non Brocchi, 1814), Chelyconus striatulus (sensu Chirli & Forli, 2011, non Brocchi, 1814) et Lithoconus mercati (sensu Chirli & Forli, 2011, non Brocchi, 1814). Pour compléter nos connaissances sur les conidés de Rhodes, nous avons étudié le matériel de la coupe de Tsampika (265 ka - 140 ka correspondant aux périodes MIS 8 à MIS 6). Nous avons utilisé la lumière ultraviolette pour observer les variations intraspécifiques des motifs résiduels de couleur et déterminer chaque espèce. Trois espèces sont identifiées : Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp., Conus (Lautoconus) sp. et Conus (Monteiroconus) tsampikaensis n. sp. [précédemment attribué à C. (M.) mercati Brocchi, 1814]. Se fondant sur les informations sur l’habitat actuel des espèces existantes de Conus (Monteiroconus), qui vivent en Afrique de l’Ouest et dans les Caraïbes dans des eaux de surface supérieures à 18 °C, on peut supposer que l’âge des espèces rencontrées se situe dans la période interglaciaire chaude de MIS 7e à MIS 7c (241,8-212,9 (±0,4) ka). Les différents assemblages de Conidae entre les périodes interglaciaires MIS 7 (Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp., Conus (Lautoconus) sp. et Conus (Monteiroconus) tsampikaensis n. sp.) et MIS 5 (“Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus” Gmelin, 1791, Conus (Chelyconus) ermineus Born, 1778 et Conus (Monteiroconus) tabidus Reeve, 1844) en Méditerranée suggèrent une colonisation par des espèces différentes, puis la disparition de la plupart d’entre elles pendant les périodes glaciaires.Fossil Conidae from Greece were recently studied in Late Miocene deposits and revealed a very diverse tropical fauna of 33 species, but this diversity decreased during the Pliocene (around six species). From the Pleistocene, four species were previously recorded in the island of Rhodes Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus Gmelin, 1791 (synonym of Conus (Lautoconus) mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792), Chelyconus pelagicus (sensu Chirli & Forli, 2011, non Brocchi, 1814), Chelyconus striatulus (sensu Chirli & Forli, 2011, non Brocchi, 1814) and Lithoconus mercati (sensu Chirli & Forli, 2011, non Brocchi, 1814). To update our knowledge on the conids from Rhodes, we studied material from the Tsampika section (265 ka - 140 ka corresponding from MIS 8 to MIS 6). We used ultraviolet light to observe intraspecific variations in the residual colour patterns. Three species are identified: Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp., Conus (Lautoconus) sp. and Conus (Monteiroconus) tsampikaensis n. sp. [previously assigned to C. (M.) mercati Brocchi, 1814]. Based on information about the habitat of the extant Conus (Monteiroconus) species, living today in West Africa and Caribbean in sea surface temperatures above 18 °C, we can hypothesise that the age of the specimens is within the interglacial period of MIS 7e to MIS 7c (241.8-212.9 (±0.4) ka). The different conid assemblages between the interglacial periods MIS 7 (Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus rhodesensis n. subsp., Conus (Lautoconus) sp., and Conus (Monteiroconus) tsampikaensis n. sp.) and MIS 5 (“Conus (Lautoconus) ventricosus” Gmelin, 1791, Conus (Chelyconus) ermineus Born, 1778 and Conus (Monteiroconus) tabidus Reeve, 1844) in the Mediterranean suggest a colonisation of different species during specific interglacial periods, and the subsequent disappearance of most of those during the glacial periods.</p
A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus <i>Pelecium</i> Kirby (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Peleciini)
No full textPelecium Kirby, 1817 is a neotropical genus of flightless carabid beetles comprising 34 species, distributed from Panama to middle Argentina. Most species of Pelecium are known from short series and few localities, in some cases only from the holotype. Male and female abdominal terminalia are not described for the majority of the species, a situation that makes it difficult to describe new species or to study intraspecific variation. Here, we describe nine new species based on individuals from Brazil: Pelecium buckupi sp. nov., P. fistulosus sp. nov. and P. zaguryi sp. nov. from the Centre-West region, P. belloi sp. nov., P. chrissquirei sp. nov., P. straneoi sp. nov. and P. zophos sp. nov. from the Southeast region, and P. balli sp. nov. and P. grossii sp. nov. from the South region. We also provide new distributional records and descriptions of abdominal terminalia for twelve species: Pelecium atroviolaceum Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. bolivianum Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. cyanipes Kirby, 1817, P. helenae Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. laeve Chaudoir, 1854, P. negrei Straneo, 1962, P. drakei Quedenfeldt, 1890, P. punctatostriatum Straneo, 1970, P. purpureum Straneo, 1955, P. rotundipenne Schaum, 1860, P. striatum Straneo, 1955 and P. violaceum Brullé, 1838.Pelecium Kirby, 1817 is a neotropical genus of flightless carabid beetles comprising 34 species, distributed from Panama to middle Argentina. Most species of Pelecium are known from short series and few localities, in some cases only from the holotype. Male and female abdominal terminalia are not described for the majority of the species, a situation that makes it difficult to describe new species or to study intraspecific variation. Here, we describe nine new species based on individuals from Brazil: Pelecium buckupi sp. nov., P. fistulosus sp. nov. and P. zaguryi sp. nov. from the Centre-West region, P. belloi sp. nov., P. chrissquirei sp. nov., P. straneoi sp. nov. and P. zophos sp. nov. from the Southeast region, and P. balli sp. nov. and P. grossii sp. nov. from the South region. We also provide new distributional records and descriptions of abdominal terminalia for twelve species: Pelecium atroviolaceum Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. bolivianum Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. cyanipes Kirby, 1817, P. helenae Straneo & Ball, 1989, P. laeve Chaudoir, 1854, P. negrei Straneo, 1962, P. drakei Quedenfeldt, 1890, P. punctatostriatum Straneo, 1970, P. purpureum Straneo, 1955, P. rotundipenne Schaum, 1860, P. striatum Straneo, 1955 and P. violaceum Brullé, 1838.</p
Développement des microsatellites chez l’algue rouge d’eau douce <i>Batrachospermum gelatinosum</i> (L.) De Candolle (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)
No full textL’étude des conséquences éco-évolutionnaires des cycles haplo-diplophasiques sur les variations du système de reproduction par le biais de la génétique des populations nécessite le développement de marqueurs génétiques adaptés. Cependant, peu de marqueurs polymorphiques nucléaires sont disponibles pour les espèces haplo-diploïdes, notamment les algues. Dans cette étude, nous décrivons le développement des premiers marqueurs microsatellites chez une algue rouge d’eau douce. Nous avons testé 73 locus candidats sur un ensemble de gamétophytes de Batrachospermum gelatinosum (L.) De Candolle représentatifs des populations d’Amérique du Nord. Parmi les locus testés, dix ont été amplifiés par PCR avec succès et présentent une architecture de pics lisibles sur séquenceur capillaire avec un seul allèle comme attendu lors du génotypage de gamétophytes haploïdes. Nous avons ensuite utilisé ces marqueurs pour réaliser des analyses basiques de génétique des populations sur des individus échantillonnés dans un site en Alabama, ce qui a révélé une bonne résolution des marqueurs basée sur la probabilité d’identité (pid). Pourtant, nous avons trouvé des groupes de génotypes répétés spatialement proches dans le site échantillonné. Ce patron de richesse génotypique modéré pourrait être dû à des croisements consanguins entre gamètes issus du même gamétophyte qui résulteraient en la perte totale de diversité génétique. Les futures études devront inclure un échantillonnage plus large pour voir si l’autofécondation est le mode de reproduction dominant chez cette espèce monoïque. Les outils génétiques développés dans cette étude nous permettent de mieux comprendre des populations d’algues rouges d’eau douce ainsi que les variations du système de reproduction lié au cycle biphasique des algues.Haploid-diploid life cycles impose unique eco-evolutionary consequences, rendering commonly used proxies difficult to use (e.g. separate sexes prevent selfing). Population genetic analyses are therefore required to explore patterns of reproductive system variation. However, there are still few haploid-diploid species for which polymorphic, nuclear loci exist. This problem is particularly acute for algae. Here, we describe the development of the first microsatellite loci in a freshwater red alga. We tested 73 candidate loci against a panel of Batrachospermum gelatinosum (L.) De Candolle gametophytes that encompass much of its North American range. Ten loci consistently amplified and were characterized by clean peak architectures on a capillary sequencer with one allele per locus, as expected in a haploid gametophyte. We then explored some basic population genetic indices in gametophytes collected from one site and obtained good resolution based on the probability of identity (pid). Yet, we observed a pattern of clumped repeated genotypes throughout the stream reach sampled. The pattern of moderate genotypic richness could be due to intragametophytic selfing resulting in the complete loss of genetic diversity from a single gamete union. Future studies will need to sample more populations to determine if intragametophytic selfing is the dominant reproductive mode in this monoicous taxon. The loci developed here represent an important tool for studying freshwater red algal populations in specific as well as enhancing our understanding of reproductive system variation and the haploid-diploid life cycle of algae in general.</p
New genera of stiletto flies endemic to Madagascar (Therevidae: Therevinae)
No full textTwo new endemic genera of Therevinae are described from Madagascar. Rinhatiana gen. nov. contains three new species (R. arctifestuca gen. et sp. nov., R. cracentis gen. et sp. nov. and R. latifestuca gen. et sp. nov.) as well as R. distincta (Lyneborg, 1976) comb. nov., which is transferred from Stenopomyia Lyneborg, 1976. Tianarinha gen. nov. is described containing two new species, T. goodmani gen. et sp. nov. and T. micet gen. et sp. nov. All species are diagnosed and figured along with distribution data.</p
New records and five new species of sipunculans (Sipuncula) from the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific
No full textSipuncula are marine unsegmented worms that can be found in benthic habitats, from shallow to deep-sea waters. In Mexico these worms have been scarcely studied. Among nine studies in the entire Mexican Pacific coasts, seven are from the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific. For over 80 years, only 24 species have been recorded. To improve the knowledge of the sipunculans from the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific, 501 specimens from three scientific collections of Mexico were revised. The specimens were collected by diverse methods from intertidal, subtidal, and bathyal depths (~1000 m), from 27 locations along the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific. Sixteen taxa belonging to nine genera and five families were identified. One species is recorded for the first time in the Mexican Pacific and five new species are described, one from intertidal and shallow subtidal depths: Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) azteca sp. nov.; two from subtidal depths: Phascolion (Lesenka) salgadoi sp. nov. and Sipunculus (Sipunculus) bastidai sp. nov.; and two from bathyal depths: Apionsoma (Apionsoma) silviae sp. nov. and Apionsoma (Edmondsius) hendrickxi sp. nov.Sipuncula are marine unsegmented worms that can be found in benthic habitats, from shallow to deep-sea waters. In Mexico these worms have been scarcely studied. Among nine studies in the entire Mexican Pacific coasts, seven are from the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific. For over 80 years, only 24 species have been recorded. To improve the knowledge of the sipunculans from the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific, 501 specimens from three scientific collections of Mexico were revised. The specimens were collected by diverse methods from intertidal, subtidal, and bathyal depths (~1000 m), from 27 locations along the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific. Sixteen taxa belonging to nine genera and five families were identified. One species is recorded for the first time in the Mexican Pacific and five new species are described, one from intertidal and shallow subtidal depths: Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) azteca sp. nov.; two from subtidal depths: Phascolion (Lesenka) salgadoi sp. nov. and Sipunculus (Sipunculus) bastidai sp. nov.; and two from bathyal depths: Apionsoma (Apionsoma) silviae sp. nov. and Apionsoma (Edmondsius) hendrickxi sp. nov.</p
Analyse de l’ouvrage <i>Le triomphe et la chute des dinosaures : La nouvelle histoire d’un monde oublié</i>
No full textPeering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of <i>Neocranaus</i> (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
No full textThe genus Neocranaus Roewer, 1913 is revisited, its composition is expanded from two to five species and a new generic diagnosis is presented. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, type species of the genus, is redescribed. The genus Tolimaius Roewer, 1915 syn. nov. is considered as a junior subjective synonym of Neocranaus, its sole member being transferred to Neocranaus – N. pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov. – and redescribed here. The new combination Neocranaus laevifrons (Roewer, 1917) comb. nov. is proposed for Holocranaus laevifrons Roewer, 1917. The new species Neocranaus gladius Villarreal & Kury sp. nov. is described, from P.N.N. Yariguíes, Santander Department, Colombia. For the first time, the genital structure of this genus is illustrated. A key to the identification of the males of Neocranaus and some considerations about the reproductive biology of N. albiconspersus and N. pectinitibialis are presented.</p
Phylogenetic analyses of the leafhopper tribe Chiasmini Distant, 1908 and delimination of species of the genus <i>Exitianus</i> Ball, 1929 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) in China based on molecular data
No full textPrevious phylogenetic analyses of the grass-specialist leafhopper tribe Chiasmini have resolved relationships among genera but have included few representatives of individual genera. Here the phylogeny of 20 Chinese species belonging to 8 chiasmine genera was investigated by combining DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S) and two nuclear genes (H3, 28S). In both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses, relationships among genera were largely consistent with prior analyses, with most members of the tribe placed into two sister clades: (Exitianus + Nephotettix) and the remaining five sampled genera. To examine morphology-based species definitions in the taxonomically difficult genus Exitianus Ball, 1929, one mitochondrial gene (COI) and one nuclear gene (ITS2) were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships and status of two common and widespread species and compare the performance of different molecular species-delimitation methods. These analyses divide the included populations into two well-supported clades corresponding to current morphological species concepts but some inconsistencies occurred under the jMOTU, ABGD and bPTP methods depending on the which gene and analytical parameter values were selected. Considering the variable results yielded by methods employing single loci, the BPP method, which combines data from multiple loci, may be more reliable in Exitianus.</p
Two new species of <i>Sarinda</i> Peckham & Peckham, 1892, with an update on Sarindini in Uruguay (Araneae: Salticidae)
No full textSarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov. and Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov. are described from Uruguay based on males and females. New records of Parafluda banksi Chickering, 1946 and Sarinda marcosi Piza, 1937 for the country are provided. Illustrations and electron micrographs of sexual characters, photographs of alive specimens, natural history data and a distribution map of species of Sarandini from Uruguay are provided.<p>Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda&nbsp;&amp; Simó sp. nov. and <em>Sarinda contraluz </em>Hagopián&nbsp;&amp; Bustamante sp.&nbsp;nov. are described from Uruguay based on males and females. New records of <em>Parafluda banksi </em>Chickering, 1946 and <em>Sarinda marcosi </em>Piza, 1937 for the country are provided. Illustrations and electron micrographs of sexual characters, photographs of alive specimens, natural history data and a distribution map of species of Sarandini from Uruguay are provided.</p></p