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Two new species of <i>Acianthera</i> (Orchidaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon
No full texti> Acianthera Scheidw. is a genus of Orchidaceae Juss. composed of approximately 300 species, nearly half of which occur in Brazil. To date, only eight species of the genus have been recorded from the Brazilian Amazon. A recent botanical excursion to Serra do Divisor National Park in the state of Acre, in the extreme western portion of the Brazilian Amazon, resulted in the discovery of two new species of Acianthera: A. amazonica Marcusso sp. nov. and A. nukiniana Marcusso sp. nov. Here, we describe these new species and present photographs, illustrations, taxonomic notes and comments on their morphological relationships, and environmental preferences. In addition we assign the conservation status and provide a geographic distribution map, as well as an identification key for Acianthera species from the Brazilian Amazon. Keywords. Acre, Amazon, epiphytes, Pleurothallidinae, Serra do Divisor.</p
A new species of an interesting cave-adapted dipluran (Diplura, Campodeidae, Plusiocampinae) from the Kopet Dagh Mountains in Iran
No full textA new species of Plusiocampinae (Diplura, Campodeidae), Anatoliocampa pax Sendra & Mehrafrooz sp. nov., is described from specimens collected in an unexplored cave system in the Kopet Dagh Mountains, northeastern Iran, near the Turkmenistan border. This is the second known species of the genus Anatoliocampa, previously represented only by Anatoliocampa diclesis Sendra, Tusun & Satar, 2022, from a cave in the Anatolian Peninsula. The relationship between these two species highlights the biogeographical relevance of Anatoliocampa as a genus within the well-established subfamily Plusiocampinae, which has a Palearctic distribution; East Asia is probably the evolution center of this subfamily, with representatives that occupy mostly deep subterranean ecosystems. An updated taxonomical key for the 15 known genera of Plusiocampinae subfamily is provided.</p
Typification de <i>Salvia smyrnaea</i> et<i> Salvia eriophora</i> (Lamiaceae) décrites par Pierre Edmond Boissier de Turquie.
No full textUne contribution à la typification de deux espèces endémiques de Salvia de Türkiye est présentée. Les noms de S. smyrnaea Boiss. et S. eriophora Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss. ont été inopinément lectotypifiés et nécessitent donc une nouvelle lectotypification. Les lectotypes désignés pour S. smyrnaea et S. eriophora sont conservés à l’herbier de Genève dans la collection Boissier.A contribution to the typification of two endemic species of Salvia from Türkiye is presented. The names of S. smyrnaea Boiss. and S. eriophora Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss. are inadvertently lectotypified, and therefore, require second-step lectotypification. The designated lectotypes of S. smyrnaea and S. eriophora are housed at the Geneva herbarium from the Boissier collection.</p
Identification guide to the Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Brazil
No full textAn identification guide for the Aphodiinae of Brazil is provided. Aphodiinae are a subfamily of Scarabaeidae comprising small and saprophagous beetles normally recognizable by the elongated body, clypeus covering the mouth parts and metatibiae with two apical spurs. In Brazil, the subfamily is composed of 40 genera and 148 species. Through the analysis of material in collections and literature, an identification guide for the subfamily in Brazil was written. Dichotomous keys for all genera and species are provided. Three genera (Amerilochus Skelley, 2007, Saprolochus Stebnicka & Galante, 2007 and Stebnickiella Skelley, 2007) and 15 species (Blackburneus surinamensis Dellacasa, Dellacasa & Gordon, 2011, Blackburneus thomasi Dellacasa, Dellacasa & Gordon, 2011, Labarrus lividus (Olivier, 1789), Aidophus kolbei (Schmidt, 1911), Ataeniopsis haroldi (Steinheil & Stroblel, 1872), Batesiana chamorroi Skelley & Vaz-de-Mello, 2022, Iarupea lopeteguii Martínez, 1953, Lomanoxia canthonopsis Skelley & Howden, 2003, Lomanoxoides bitubericollis (Schmidt, 1909), Odontolytes guayara (Stebnicka, 2002), Odontolytes loretoensis (Stebnicka, 2002), Tanyana guyanaensis (Stebnicka, 2003), Amerilochus cinereus Skelley, 2007, Saprolochus tridentatus Skelley, 2007, Stebnickiella zosterixys Skelley, 2007) are considered new records for the country. Ataenius bolivarensis Stebnicka, 2007 and Cartwrightia cartwrighti Cartwright, 1967 are tentatively considered as new records. Ataenius Harold, 1867 is treated at species group level only. Platytomus longulus (Cartwright, 1948) and Platytomus freudei (Balthasar, 1960) are treated as a species complexes. The known distributions of many species are updated.</p
Freshwater fishes (Petromyzonti, Elasmobranchii, and Actinopteri) of Bosnia and Herzegovina: an updated inventory on the biodiversity and distribution
No full textIn terms of ichthyology, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is one of the most interesting parts of Southeast Europe, due to its rich biodiversity and high level of endemism. Despite its relevance, the entire territory has been poorly explored. Here, we provide an updated inventory of the current state of knowledge on fishes, including lampreys, from the freshwaters of BiH by hydrographic basin, with recent distributional data and updated taxonomic status reviewed and compared with previous lists. The checklist was compiled based on the existing scientific and grey literature, technical reports, scientific congresses, academic dissertations, and unpublished/personal observations. In total, 123 species including diadromous and euryhaline fishes have been documented in BiH freshwaters to date. Of these, 110 are primarily freshwater. In comparison to the last published monography (Sofradžija 2009), we present a 9% increase in species number (11 species), resulting mainly from taxonomic re-evaluations of existing taxa on the basis of new information and the adoption of a new changes in the taxonomic status of several species. Among the valid primarily freshwater species, 87 are native and 23 are non-native. A total of 38 endemic species have restricted distribution, and are threatened by numerous anthropogenic pressures. Four species are considered endemic only to BiH: Cobitis herzegoviniensis Buj & Šanda, 2014; Phoxinellus pseudalepidotus Bogutskaya & Zupančič, 2003; Telestes dabar Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka, 2012; and T. metohiensis (Steindachner, 1901). In total, 75 genera and 34 families are represented: Leuciscidae is represented by 37 species, the Salmonidae by 13, followed by the Cyprinidae, Cobitidae and Percidae, each with eight species. The native species richness follows a pattern similar to that observed in other southern European countries. A national list of endangered species has not yet been proposed to BiH and management strategies for their protection or conservation are also not implemented. Hopefully, this updated checklist will serve as a basis for future research aimed at understanding the origin and status of conservation of the BiH fishes diversity, and supporting effective management and conservation programmes.</p
Évolution dans la présence de bryophytes épiphytes dans le centre de Wrocław (Pologne) au cours de la période 2013-2023 et questionnement sur leurs rapports avec les changements climatiques
No full textLa dernière décennie est considérée comme plus chaude que les précédentes. Les bryophytes épiphytes sont connus comme réagissant rapidement aux changements de microclimat. La question de savoir si l’apparition et la propagation des bryophytes épiphytes dans les villes sont actuellement favorisées ou limitées par le réchauffement climatique a été étudiée en comparant la diversité, la fréquence et l’abondance des espèces en 2013 et 2023 sur 109 parcelles de recherche situées dans le centre de la ville de Wrocław. En conséquence, une augmentation du nombre total d’arbres habités et de la superficie totale couverte d’épiphytes ont été mises en évidence, en particulier dans les zones et les rues bâties. Quatorze espèces ont montré une tendance à la hausse tandis que six ont connu la tendance inverse. Une augmentation dans la richesse des épiphytes obligatoires a été observée (cinq, dont trois nouvelles pour Wrocław), mais aucune nouvelle espèce thermophile n’est apparue. Deux épiphytes nouvellement trouvés sont considérés comme sensibles à la pollution atmosphérique. Les changements bryofloristiques semblent donc résulter de l’amélioration de la pureté de l’air et non du réchauffement climatique. L’amélioration de la pureté de l’air pourrait provoquer, avec une forte probabilité, l’expansion d’épiphytes résistants à la pollution : Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. ex Milde et Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrad. ex Brid. Mais l’effet potentiel de l’augmentation des températures et des mois d’hiver sans gel, observés à Wrocław depuis 2019, sur la propagation dans la ville de deux espèces thermophytiques, Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. ex anon et O. diaphanum, doit être pris en compte lors de l’explication de ces phénomènes. L’impact mixte des deux processus semble être probable. Les parcs et les zones bâties diffèrent dans l’intensité des échanges d’espèces de bryophytes épiphytes.Last decade is considered as warmer than previous ones. Epiphytic bryophytes are known as quickly reacting on microclimate changes. The question whether occurrence and spread of epiphytic bryophytes in cities is presently facilitated or limited due to warming was studied through a comparison of species diversity, frequency and abundance in 2013 and 2023 in 109 research plots situated in central part of the Wrocław city. In result an increase in the total number of inhabited trees and the total area covered with epiphytes was evidenced, especially on built-up areas and streets. Fourteen species have shown an upward trend while six – the opposite tendency. An increase in the richness of obligatory epiphytes was found (five, including three new for Wrocław) but no new thermophilic species appeared. Two of newly found epiphytes are considered as sensitive to the air pollution. So bryofloristical changes seem to result from the improvement of the air purity not warming. Improving air purity could caused, with high probability, also the expansion of resistant to pollution epiphytes: Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. ex Milde and Orthotrichum diaphanum Schrad. ex Brid. But the potential effect of the increased temperatures and frost-free winter months, observed in Wrocław since 2019, on spread in the city of two thermophytic species, Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. ex anon and O. diaphanum, should be considered when explain these phenomena. The mixed impact of both processes seem to be probable. Parks and built-up areas differed in the intensity of species exchange of epiphytic bryophytes.</p
Integrative taxonomy identifies<i> Lasioglossum fertoni</i> (Vachal, 1895) and<i> Lasioglossum discus </i>(Smith, 1853) (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Halictidae) as distinct species
No full textThe genus Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833, is one of the most diverse bee genera in Europe, with 183 described species. Recent advances in integrative taxonomy, combining morphological, molecular, and ecological data, have enhanced our understanding of cryptic and semi-cryptic species complexes within the genus. This study provides a comprehensive reassessment of the taxonomic status of L. fertoni (Vachal, 1895) stat. rev., integrating genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data. Our findings reveal clear differentiation between L. fertoni and the closely related species L. discus (Smith, 1853), supported by genetic distances and diagnostic morphological traits. The two taxa show partially overlapping ranges, although confirmed cases of syntopy remain to be demonstrated. Lasioglossum fertoni is confirmed to have a distribution across the Western Mediterranean. The study highlights the importance of integrative approaches in resolving taxonomic ambiguities and underscores the relevance of accurate species delineation for conservation efforts, particularly in light of the growing threats to European pollinators.</p
Description of two new species of the genus <i>Parathyas</i> Lundblad, 1926 (Acari: Hydryphantoidea: Hydryphantidae: Euthyadinae) from China
No full textTwo species, Parathyas weichangensis Zhong sp. nov. and Parathyas jinghongensis Zhong sp. nov. are described and illustrated in detail as new species to science. These specimens were collected from Weichang County, Chengde City, Hebei Province and Jinghong City, Yunnan Province, China, respectively.</p
Molecular phylogenetic and detailed morphological analyses reveal a new species of <i>Castrella</i> Fuhrmann, 1900 (Platyhelminthes, Dalytyphloplanida) from Switzerland
No full textRhabdocoel microturbellarian flatworms of the family Dalyelliidae are key components of freshwater ecosystems and represent one of their most taxonomically diverse groups. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies revealed two distinct genetic lineages within Castrella truncata, a species with a wide Nearctic–Palearctic distribution. In this study, we integrated phylogenetic and morphological analyses to describe a Swiss lineage as a new species: Castrella schareri sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that C. schareri sp. nov. is closely allied with C. alba, while C. truncata groups with C. pinguis. Morphologically, the new species is characterised by a distally unbranched stylet, featuring a shorter proximal portion and a higher number of shorter distal spines compared to C. truncata. This finding significantly enhances our knowledge of Castrella, marking the first new species described in the genus in over seventy years.</p
Opérations d’éradication de prédateurs mammaliens introduits sur des îles françaises de la façade atlantique européenne : une méthode, deux protocoles et trois décennies d’expérience
No full textConfronté à un (ou plusieurs) prédateur mammalien introduit, le gestionnaire d’un territoire insulaire est amené à définir une stratégie de lutte, en associant à sa réflexion des scientifiques et des opérateurs extérieurs compétents. Cette stratégie a pour objectif final le retour à une biodiversité et à un fonctionnement de l’écosystème proches de ceux qui précédaient l’arrivée de l’espèce introduite, en éliminant les effets néfastes qu’elle exerce sur les populations ou communautés d’espèces fragiles et rares. Elle s’appuie généralement sur un objectif opérationnel d’éradication, c’est-à-dire d’élimination de tous les individus de la population insulaire concernée. Nous détaillons ici l’historique des opérations d’éradication menées principalement envers des rongeurs, Rat surmulot Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) et Rat noir Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758), et de façon plus limitée des carnivores, Furet Mustela furo Linnaeus, 1758 et Vison d’Amérique Neogale vison (Schreber, 1777), dans des îles de la façade atlantique française appartenant à six départements (Loire-Atlantique, Morbihan, Finistère, Côtes-d’Armor, Ille-et-Vilaine et Manche). Ces opérations ont débuté en 1994. Une ancienne opération, menée au début des années 1950 avec un poison violent sur l’île Rouzic (les Sept Îles), est également rappelée. Après un descriptif de la méthodologie préconisée pour l’éradication, nous détaillons les deux protocoles appliqués successivement dans le cas des rats. Le premier, de 1994 à 2010, était fondé sur l’utilisation d’une lutte mécanique (pièges non vulnérants) suivie d’une lutte chimique (rodenticides anticoagulants). Le second, mis en pratique depuis 2016, recourt uniquement à la lutte chimique. Nous passons en revue les aspects techniques (expertise écologique ; choix de la densité des postes, du type de piège et de la molécule toxique ; nécropsies et prélèvements de matériel biologique ; calcul d’indices d’abondance), ainsi que les normes réglementaires. Alors que 95 % des rats piégés à l’issue de l’opération (premier protocole) le sont en moyenne après onze jours, 95 % des appâts consommés (second protocole) le sont en moyenne après 17 jours. Le résultat des opérations d’éradication sur les îles françaises de la façade atlantique, appliquant l’un ou l’autre des deux protocoles, est de 13 succès sur 18 opérations aux résultats connus (avec une seule opération pour le Rat noir). Une analyse approfondie des échecs montre que les opérations d’éradication du Rat surmulot utilisant l’un ou l’autre des deux protocoles ont toujours été couronnées de succès, sauf dans deux cas. D’une part, lorsque la possibilité d’une recolonisation par l’estran n’avait pas été suffisamment prise en compte, c’est-à-dire si les mesures de biosécurité consécutives au piégeage et/ou à l’appâtage étaient insuffisantes. D’autre part, lorsque les conditions d’application des protocoles n’avaient pas pu être pleinement respectées, en raison de problèmes logistiques et/ou de perturbations anthropiques inévitables. Bien que nous considérions que les deux protocoles ont permis d’obtenir des résultats très satisfaisants, nous préconisons à l’avenir le second, utilisant uniquement la lutte chimique, pour des raisons purement logistiques.Faced with one or more introduced mammalian predators, managers of island territories are led to define a control strategy, involving scientists and competent external operators. The final objective of that strategy is to achieve biodiversity and ecosystem functioning close to those prior to the arrival of the introduced species, by eliminating harmful effects they pose on populations or communities of fragile and rare species. Eradication, i.e. the elimination of all individuals from the island population in question, is generally the operational objective of that strategy. Here, we detail the history of eradication operations carried out against rodents (mainly), the Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) and the Roof Rat (often called Black Rat) Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758), and (to a much lesser extent) carnivores, the Ferret Mustela furo Linnaeus, 1758 and the American Mink Neogale vison (Schreber, 1777), on islands of the Atlantic coast in six French departments (Loire-Atlantique, Morbihan, Finistère, Côtes-d’Armor, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Manche). These operations began in 1994. An old operation, carried out in the early 1950s with a violent poison on île Rouzic (les Sept Îles), was also recalled. Following a description of the methodology advocated for eradication, we detail the two protocols used successively for rats. The first, applied from 1994 to 2010, was based on the use of mechanical control (using live-traps) followed by chemical control (anticoagulant rodenticides). The second, put in practice since 2016, utilizes chemical control only. We review technical aspects (ecological expertise ; choice of station density, type of trap and toxic molecule ; necropsies and sampling of biological material ; calculation of abundance indices), as well as regulation standards. While 95 % of the rats trapped at the end of the operation (first protocol) are trapped on average after eleven days, 95 % of the baits consumed (second protocol) are consumed on average after 17 days. The results of rat eradication operations on the French islands of the Atlantic coast, applying one or other of the two protocols, are 13 successes out of 18 operations with known results (with only one operation for the Roof Rat). An in-depth analysis of failures shows that Brown Rat eradication operations using either of the two protocols have always been successful, except in two cases. Firstly, when the possibility of recolonization by the foreshore had not been sufficiently considered, i.e. if biosecurity measures following trapping and/or baiting were insufficient. On the other hand, when the conditions of application of the protocols could not have been fully respected, due to logistical problems and/or of unavoidable human-caused disturbances. Although we consider both protocols to have achieved very satisfactory results, we recommend for the future to apply the second one, using chemical control only, for purely logistical reasons.</p