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New species and new records of flat-faced longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) from the Brazilian Northeast Region
No full textLamiinae is the most diverse group of Cerambycidae, comprising 20 589 valid species, of which over 2200 are known from Brazil, with many species recently described for the country. The Brazilian Northeast Region includes four Brazilian biomes and, historically, has received less attention in terms of research on biodiversity. However, considering only Lamiinae, the Brazilian Northeast is the third most diverse region in the country. Herein, we describe two new species of flat-faced longhorned beetles from the Brazilian Northeast Region: Apagomerella nordestina sp. nov. and Malacoscylus licae sp. nov. Additionally, we provide two new records for the region: Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) daviesii (Swederus, 1787) from Pernambuco State and Lachnia subcincta Audinet-Serville, 1835 from Ceará State.</p
Nouvelles données concernant l’évolution morphologique et les adaptations alimentaires d’<i>Elephas recki</i> (Dietrich, 1915) de la formation plio-pléistocène de Shungura (basse vallée de l’Omo, Éthiopie)
No full textLes proboscidiens, un groupe de mégaherbivores terrestres abondant et diversifié durant le Cénozoïque, revêtent une grande importance dans l’étude des adaptations morphologiques et dans la reconstruction des paléoenvironnements en Afrique. Cette nouvelle étude de la lignée Elephas recki (Dietrich, 1915) (ou « complexe Elephas recki ») des dépôts plio-pléistocènes de la Formation de Shungura a pour objectif d’investiguer plus avant les interrelations entre adaptations morphologiques et adaptations comportementales au sein des proboscidiens. Pour cela, nous utilisons les troisièmes molaires les plus complètes et les mieux préservées de cette série pour caractériser les changements morphologiques, tout en décrivant le comportement alimentaire en appliquant l’analyse angulaire des méso-usures à toutes les dents identifiables. Les variations des caractères biométriques indiquent une évolution différant d’une tendance graduelle et progressive pendant le dépôt de la séquence de Shungura. Au lieu de cela, nous observons une tendance complexe impliquant des changements abrupts. L’analyse angulaire des méso-usures suggère qu’Elephas recki de la Formation de Shungura avait un comportement alimentaire invariable de paisseur (consommateur de monocotylédones herbacées telles que les graminées et les cypéracées), à l’exception de légères tendances à une alimentation mixte paisseur/brouteur à certains moments. Nous n’avons donc observé aucune corrélation entre changement morphologique et préférences alimentaires durant plus de deux millions d’années. Ce décalage entre l’acquisition du régime alimentaire observé et les changements morphologiques supposément résultants remet en question les interprétations classiques concernant les facteurs à l’œuvre dans cette séquence évolutive.The proboscideans, abundant and diverse throughout the Cenozoic, are essential terrestrial megaherbivores for studying morphological adaptations and reconstructing paleoenvironments in Africa. This new study of the lineage of Elephas recki (Dietrich, 1915) (or “Elephas recki complex”) from the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the Shungura Formation aimed at investigating further the interplay between morphological and behavioral adaptations within proboscideans. For this, we used the most complete and well-preserved third molars of the series for characterizing morphological changes, while describing dietary behavior by applying mesowear angle analysis to all identifiable cheek teeth. Biometric character changes indicated that evolutionary change was not a gradual, progressive trend through the Shungura sequence deposition. Rather, we observed a complex trend involving sudden changes. The mesowear angle analysis suggested that Elephas recki from the Shungura Formation had consistently herbaceous monocot (such as grass and sedges) dominated dietary habits throughout its evolution, except for some slight tendencies of mixed browse/graze diet in certain time intervals. We therefore did not observe any correlation between morphological change and feeding preferences over two million years. This delay between the acquisition of the observed diet and purportedly consequent morphological changes questions the classical interpretations of factors at play in this evolutionary sequence.</p
Two new species of <i>Cybaeodes</i> Simon, 1878 (Araneae, Liocranidae) and description of the male of <i>C. magnus</i> Ribera & De Mas, 2015 from the MSS in the eastern Prebaetic Mountain Range (eastern Spain)
No full textMany species in the spider genus Cybaeodes Simon, 1878 have been described from caves and show marked adaptive characters to the underground environment, being considered troglobitic species. They have also recently been captured in the MSS (Mesovoid Shallow Substratum), a poorly known but species-rich habitat that lies between the superficial ground and the deep ground environment. Given the particular habitat of Cybaeodes and the difficulty of studying it, the diversity, biology and geographic distribution of this genus remain poorly known. The Prebaetic Mountain Range, in the Iberian Peninsula, appears to be a suitable region for this genus, from which three species are described from caves. In this work, we report on the taxonomic results of MSS samplings focused on the genus Cybaeodes in the region. Specimens were collected in alluvial and colluvial MSS using subterranean sampling devices. Samplings provided two new species for science, namely Cybaeodes bernia Ribera & Domènech sp. nov. and Cybaeodes gallinera Ribera & Domènech sp. nov. We also describe the male of Cybaeodes magnus Ribera & De Mas, 2015, previously unknown, and contribute new biogeographic data for Cybaeodes dosaguas Ribera & De Mas, 2015. This work increases our knowledge on the diversity and distribution of this still poorly known genus, and it highlights the importance of studying undersampled habitats such as the MSS.</p
<i>Chlorophyllum tenue</i> sp. nov. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota) from the Brazilian Caatinga semiarid region
No full textChlorophyllum tenue sp. nov. is described based on morphological and molecular (nrDNA-ITS, nrDNA-LSU) data. The new species belongs to Chlorophyllum sect. Ellipsoidospororum due to its small sized agaricoid basidiomata with furfuraceous pileal squamules, a loose hymenioderm covering, and basidiospores lacking germ pores. As specific characteristics, the new species has light grayish brown to dark cream pileus with a distinct reddish brown umbo breaking up into appressed light brown to rosy beige irregularly shaped squamules, thin context, cylindrical and subradicant stipe, and stipe surface changing color. Microscopically, the new species has ellipsoid basidiospores smaller than 10 µm long, 4-spored basidia, slender clavate-subcapitate cheilocystidia, and pileus covering formed by elements varying from broadly clavate, clavate to slender clavate sinuous. Additionally, Chlorophyllum tenue sp. nov. represents an independent lineage among Chlorophyllum sect. Ellipsoidospororum and is closely related to C. africanum, C. demangei, and C. hortense.</p
Introduction to: Snakes from the Cenozoic of Europe – towards a macroevolutionary and palaeobiogeographic synthesis
No full textThe Lyckholm acme of cephalopods – Review of the late Katian (Vormsi–Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia
No full textA revision of more than 660 specimens of fossil cephalopods from the Vormsi–Pirgu regional stages (late Katian Stage), Ordovician Period, of Estonia, available from the Estonian palaeontological collections, reveals the extraordinarily high cephalopod-richness of this interval, termed “Lyckholm acme of cephalopods” herein. Ninety species can be distinguished, belonging to 35 genera, and 17 families. The high turnover between assemblages from the Vormsi and Pirgu stage strata is remarkable. Only 16 species range through both stages, where the former is dominated in abundance by tarphycerids and orthocerids, and the latter by multiceratoids, probably reflecting pronounced palaeo-environmental changes. Species abundance distributions from the main collection localities show differences in sampling practice and give evidence for potential problems in species delineation. Difficulties in the species delineation of, e.g., Discoceras exist because critical morphological details are commonly not preserved. A cluster analysis and comparison of the Estonian assemblage with assemblages of other regions reveals a high similarity with that of the Laurentia-palaeocontinent, a fact which suggests a possible connection of the Lyckholm-acme with the “Richmondian Invasion” of Laurentia. The revision, presented herein, is a first step toward an in-depth global-scale analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns of Katian cephalopod occurrences, in which this hypothesis could be tested. Four genera are new: Gorbormoceras gen. nov., Hiiumoceras gen. nov., Hosholmoceras gen. nov., Saxbyoceras gen. nov. 23 species are new: Beloitoceras uuemoisense sp. nov., Cyrtorizoceras hariense sp. nov., Danoceras oviforme sp. nov., D. vohilaidense sp. nov., Deckeroceras balticum sp. nov., Discoceras paopense sp. nov., Dowlingoceras tornense sp. nov., Ephippiorthoceras vormsiense sp. nov., Gorbormoceras vohilaidense gen. et sp. nov., Hiiumoceras hiiuense sp. nov., Hosholmoceras ovalis sp. nov., H. triangulatum sp. nov., Kiaeroceras kaebliki sp. nov., K. ormsoense sp. nov., K. urgense sp. nov., Redpathoceras saxbyense sp. nov., Rizosceras teres sp. nov., Saxbyoceras kingpooli gen. et sp. nov., Striatocycloceras hosholmense sp. nov., Strandoceras kalevipoegi sp. nov., S. kohilense sp. nov., S. muhvi sp. nov., S. sulevipoegi sp. nov. Six species are placed in new combinations: Danoceras piersalense (Teichert, 1930) comb. nov., Isorthoceras luhai (Stumbur, 1956) comb. nov., Isorthoceras saaremense (Balashov, 1959) comb. nov., Gorbyoceras clathratoannulatum (Roemer, 1861) comb. nov., Richardsonoceras priscum (Eichwald, 1860) comb. nov., Schuchertoceras deformis (Eichwald, 1860) comb. nov.</p
<i>Brachythecium</i> <i>turgidum</i> (Hartm.) Kindb. (Brachytheciaceae) dans l’étage oroméditerranéen de la Sierra Nevada (sud de l’Espagne)
No full textBrachythecium turgidum (Hartm.) Kindb. n’est actuellement connu dans la péninsule ibérique que par quelques localités dans les Pyrénées. Dans ce travail, une nouvelle localité est signalée dans le sud de l’Espagne (Granada, Sierra Nevada), qui représente une disjonction importante de l’espèce entre la péninsule ibérique et l’Europe. Son comportement écologique est décrit et certains caractères taxonomiques fondamentaux pour son identification sont corroborés et illustrés.Brachythecium turgidum (Hartm.) Kindb. is currently known in the Iberian Peninsula only from a few localities in the Pyrenees. In this work a new locality is reported for southern Spain (Granada, Sierra Nevada), that represents an important disjunction of the species in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe. Its ecological behavior is described and some fundamental taxonomical characters for its identification are corroborated and illustrated.</p
<i>Myxobolus wondjii</i> sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae), a parasite of <i>Labeo batesii</i> Boulenger, 1911 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Makombè River, Cameroon: Morphological and molecular characterization
No full textA new species of the genus Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) is described based on morphology, histopathology, and small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data. Myxobolus wondjii sp. nov. was found infecting the gills of Labeo batesii Boulenger, 1911 from the Makombè River at Nkondjock, Cameroon. Large, subspherical, whitish plasmodia measuring 100–2000 µm in length and 60–1400 µm in width were observed. Histopathological examination revealed plasmodia located in the interbranchial septum of the gill. Mature myxospores were ovoid, slightly tapering anteriorly, and with a broad, rounded posterior end. The myxospores measured 12.4 ± 0.1 (12.0–13.2) μm in length and 8.8 ± 0.07 (8.3–9.4) μm in width. The two polar capsules were ovoid and distinctly unequal in size, measuring 5.4 ± 0.50 (4.8–6.3) × 3.2 ± 0.06 (2.7–3.7) μm for the larger capsule and 1.6 ± 0.06 (1.4–1.7) × 1.0 ± 0.08 (0.9–1.1) μm for the smaller one. A partial SSU rDNA sequence was obtained from this new species, and phylogenetic analysis placed it as sister to Myxobolus nkondjockei, which also infects L. batesii in Cameroon.</p
<i>Remyella spanovicae</i> Ćurčić, Vrbica & Vesović sp. nov., a new troglobitic leiodid beetle (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leptodirini) from southwestern Serbia
No full textThe genus Remyella Jeannel, 1931 consists of stenoendemic troglobitic leiodid beetles restricted to subterranean habitats in southwestern Serbia and northeastern Montenegro. A new subterranean leiodid species, Remyella spanovicae Ćurčić, Vrbica & Vesović sp. nov., from the Pećina na Đerekarskom Vrelu Cave (village of Đerekare, near the town of Tutin, Pešter Plateau, southwestern Serbia), is described and diagnosed. All taxonomically important morphological features of the new taxon are presented, including traits of both male and female genitalia. The new species is clearly distinguished from other congeners both morphologically and molecularly. Data on the sexual dimorphism of the new species are presented. Molecular analysis confirmed that Remyella raskae S. Ćurčić & B. Ćurčić, 2008 is a valid species. A key to the identification of the species of the genus Remyella is given. In addition, the species Remyella hussoni Jeannel, 1934 was found at another subterranean site in the village of Đerekare.</p
Afrachilini trib. nov. of Achilidae from Southern Africa (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea)
No full textThis paper describes a new species of Afrachilus Fennah, 1965 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) – Afrachilus montanifynbosensis sp. nov., from the tribe Afrachilini trib. nov., subfamily Myconinae, found in the West Cape of South Africa. This region is one of the Earth’s biologically most diverse areas, also characterized by the phylogenetic antiquity of its invertebrates. A brief discussion is provided on the host plant records of the Afrachilini trib. nov. Morphological peculiarities and diagnostic features of the new tribe are discussed, especially a modification of the head capsule with a subdivision of the frontal area, which is unique in Achilidae, the presence of platellae on the first two metatarsomeres, open cell C1 on tegmen, and the presence of two terminals of CuA on the hind wing, as well as the presence of a subvaginal plate in females, which is another peculiar feature not commonly present among Achilidae. Further distributional data on Achiplecton stilleri (Achiplectini) are provided herein.</p