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Des continents aux îles : suivre le cerf élaphe (<i>Cervus elaphus</i> Linnaeus, 1758) et son « cousin gênant », le wapiti (<i>Cervus canadensis</i> Erxleben, 1777) en Europe
No full textLes cervidés représentent une famille particulière d’herbivores ruminants qui a développé une stratégie écologique et évolutive, flexible et opportuniste. Cela leur a permis de développer de grandes ramures de bois, qui tombent et repoussent chaque année et qui nécessitent donc beaucoup de ressources et d’énergie. La famille des cervidés est l’un des taxons d’herbivores actuels montrant la plus grande diversité, diversité encore plus forte au cours des époques géologiques anciennes. Cette flexibilité écologique et cet opportunisme rapprochent les cervidés des hominines. La relation entre les cervidés et les hominines a été cruciale pour la survie des seconds pendant les phases de glaciation et a probablement joué un rôle dans la colonisation du Nouveau Monde par les groupes humains du Paléolithique. Les études sur la taxonomie et la systématique des cervidés fossiles continuent d’apporter de nouvelles découvertes et de nouvelles idées. Des recherches récentes ont révélé que l’histoire naturelle du genre Cervus en Europe est plus complexe qu’on ne le pensait. Nous suggérons que le premier représentant du genre est le petit Cervus nestii (Azzaroli, 1947) n. comb. du Pléistocène inférieur d’Italie, caractérisé par des bois simples à quatre pointes dépourvus de sur-andouiller. Le début du Pléistocène moyen a vu l’émergence du cerf de grande taille, avec des sous-espèces présentant des bois munis de sur-andouiller mais sans couronne, connues sous le nom de Cervus elaphus acoronatus Beninde, 1937. Par la suite, il y a environ 400 000 ans, le Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 « moderne » est apparu, faisant preuve d’une grande plasticité et d’une grande diversification, et donnant naissance à plusieurs sous-espèces au cours du Pléistocène supérieur. Par une révision récente des données à l’échelle européenne nous proposons l’identification du wapiti, Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777, une espèce qui habite actuellement l’Amérique du Nord et l’Asie. De la Crimée à la Suède, plusieurs sous-espèces précédemment attribuées au cerf élaphe ont été réinterprétées et associées au wapiti.Deer represent a distinctive family of ruminant herbivores that have evolved a flexible and opportunistic ecological and evolutionary strategy, enabling them to grow luxurious and resource-demanding antlers that are shed annually. The family Cervidae ranks among the most diverse modern taxonomic groups of herbivores, with even greater diversity in the geological past. This ecological flexibility and opportunism align deer closely with hominins. The relationship between cervids and hominins was crucial for hominin survival during glaciation phases and likely played a role in the colonization of the New World by Paleolithic humans. Studies on the taxonomy and systematics of fossil cervids continue to yield new discoveries and insights. Recent research has revealed that the natural history of the genus Cervus in Europe is more complex than previously thought. We suggest that earliest representative of the genus is the small-sized Cervus nestii (Azzaroli, 1947) n. comb. from the Early Pleistocene of Italy, characterized by simple four-pointed antlers lacking a bez tine. The onset of the Middle Pleistocene saw the emergence of the large-sized red deer, with subspecies exhibiting antlers featuring a bez tine but no crown, known as Cervus elaphus acoronatus Beninde, 1937. Subsequently, approximately 400 000 years ago, the “modern” Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 emerged, displaying high plasticity, diversification, and giving rise to several subspecies during the Late Pleistocene. Our recent revisions at a European scale have uncovered the presence of the wapiti, Cervus canadensis Erxleben, 1777, a species currently inhabiting North America and Asia. From Crimea to Sweden, several subspecies previously attributed to the red deer have been reinterpreted and associated with the wapiti.</p
Description of two new species of <i>Desmoscolex</i> Claparède, 1863 (Nematoda: Desmoscolecidae) from the Cassidaigne Canyon, Mediterranean Sea
No full textTwo new species of Desmoscolex (Desmoscolex) Claparède, 1863 from Cassidagne Canyon (deep-sea Mediterranean), namely Desmoscolex (Desmoscolex) nibelungus sp. nov. and Desmoscolex (Desmoscolex) valkyria sp. nov. are described. Desmoscolex (D.) nibelungus has 17 main rings and the typical desmoscolecid setal pattern. The most evident features to distinguish it from the rest of D. (Desmoscolex) with these characteristics are the protuding lip region not covered with concretion material, the cephalic region that apparently lacks setae and the beak-shaped posterior-most main ring. On the other hand, D. (D.) valkyria belongs to a group of nematodes with more than 18 main rings. This new species is mainly characterized by the number of rings (22–24), the vesicular amphideal fovea, a pair of subdorsal and a pair of subventral setae both on the penultimate main ring and a long spinneret of the terminal main ring. This is the first meiofauna species described from the Cassidaigne Canyon. With the description of these two new species of nematode, the number of described species of Desmoscolex (Desmoscolex) is now 106, with 47 species occurring in deep-sea environments and 10 species described from the Mediterranean Sea.</p
Importance économique du <i>Cervus elaphus</i> dans la culture Gumelnița (V<sup>e</sup> millénaire avant J.-C.) : de la ressource alimentaire aux ressources techniques
No full textLa région située entre le Danube et les Carpates est une zone clé pour la recherche sur les périodes préhistoriques, en particulier celles relatives au Ve millénaire avant J.-C. Cette période est marquée par l’évolution du technocomplexe Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karanovo VI, caractérisée par des changements importants dans les stratégies de subsistance humaine, l’organisation sociale et les innovations techniques. Parmi les preuves clés de ces bouleversements, on peut citer des sites stratifiés qui ont été occupés pendant des générations, avec des villages reconstruits aux mêmes endroits. Sur le plan archéologique, la fréquence accrue des pratiques de chasse pendant la période Gumelnița est particulièrement évidente dans l’exploitation intensive du cerf élaphe (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758), à la fois comme source de nourriture et comme matière première osseuse pour la fabrication d’équipements. Notre étude explore ce phénomène selon deux axes : 1) la valeur économique : l’analyse des restes de cervidés fournit des informations sur les stratégies de chasse, la saisonnalité, les méthodes de collecte des bois à partir du crâne ou les modes de dépeçage des carcasses animales. Les données zooarchéologiques contribuent également à comprendre comment les cervidés étaient intégrés dans l’alimentation et, plus généralement, dans l’économie ; 2) l’utilisation technique : le rôle des cervidés dans la production d’artefacts. Nous étudierons quels éléments anatomiques du squelette ont été utilisés (os, dents, bois) et quels modèles opérationnels leur ont été appliqués pour produire quels types d’objets. Une discussion portera sur le cas des canines de cerfs élaphes qui n’étaient pas utilisées directement, mais reproduites comme ornements dans d’autres matières premières. Des comparaisons seront établies entre les phases A2 et B1 de la culture Gumelnița, et des études de cas illustreront les découvertes provenant d’importants sites archéologiques du Bas-Danube.The region between the Danube and the Carpathians is a key area for research into prehistoric periods, particularly those relating to the 5th millennium BC. This period is marked by the evolution of the Kodjadermen-Gumelnița-Karanovo VI technocomplex characterized by significant changes in human subsistence strategies, social organization, and technical innovations. Key evidence of these upheavals includes: stratified sites that were occupied for generations, with villages rebuilt in the same locations. Archaeologically, the increased frequency of hunting practices during the Gumelnița period is particularly evident in the intensive exploitation of red deer (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758), both as a source of food and as a raw osseous material for the manufacture of equipment. Our study explores this phenomenon along two dimensions: 1) Economic value: the analysis of cervid remains provides insights into hunting strategies, seasonality, methods of collecting antlers from the skull or the butchering patterns of animal carcasses. Zooarchaeological data also contribute to understanding how cervids were integrated into the diet and, more generally, into the economy; and 2) Technical use: the role of cervids in artifact production. We will study which anatomical elements of the skeleton were used (bones, teeth, antler) and which operational patterns were applied to them to produce which types of objects. A discussion will focus on the case of red deer canines that were not used directly but reproduced as adornments in other raw materials. Comparisons will be made between phases A2 and B1 of the Gumelnița culture, and case studies will consider finds from a series of important tell settlements from the Lower Danube.</p
Kurt Ockelmann’s unpublished studies on the Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of the North Atlantic, held in the Natural History Museum of Denmark
No full textThe archive of illustrations and graphics relating to the research of Kurt Ockelmann (1924–2021) on the bivalve family Thyasiridae is reviewed. Although he published only one short paper on the family, the archive reveals that he undertook a substantial series of studies and shows his continuing influence on the taxonomy and life history of this family in the North Atlantic. Ockelmann was the first to recognise amphi-Atlantic species, their life habits and larval biology. He mapped the distribution of 19 species, drew their prodissoconchs and made superb drawings of the adult shell and their hinges. He made accurate anatomical diagrams of representative species of the genera. Given the excellence of illustrations many are reproduced here, as they are among the best available and a valuable resource when identifying species.</p
Le séquençage du génome du matériel Phycotheca Boreali-Americana de <i>Ceramothamnion codii </i>H.Richards confirme la synonymie de <i>Stirkia</i> Barros-Barreto & Maggs avec <i>Ceramothamnion</i> H.Richards
No full textLe statut systématique du genre Stirkia Barros-Barreto & Maggs nouvellement proposé et sa relation avec le nom actuellement accepté Ceramothamnion H.Richards restent incertains car aucun spécimen authentique du généritype C. codii H.Richards de la localité type des Bermudes n’a été séquencé. Pour clarifier la taxonomie de C. codii, nous avons effectué un séquençage à haut débit sur le spécimen d’un topotype, un spécimen de Phycotheca Boreali-Americana (P.B.-A.) de 1912 collecté par F.S. Collins. Les marqueurs génétiques rbcL, COI-5P et LSU du P.B.-A. des spécimens ont été assemblés et utilisés pour déduire des phylogénies génétiques et multigéniques afin de déterminer leur histoire phylogénétique. Dans toutes les analyses, le topotype de C. codii était étroitement lié à C. fujianum Barros-Barreto & Maggs, le généritype de Stirkia, ainsi qu’à d’autres espèces de Ceramothamnion du sud-ouest des océans Atlantique et Pacifique. Ces données soutiennent la relégation du genre Stirkia à Ceramothamnion et indiquent que les seules séquences d’ADN précédemment publiées de C. codii, d’Hawaï, représentent une espèce différente et non décrite de Ceramothamnion. Ils mettent également en évidence la puissance du séquençage du génome entier et la nécessité d’analyser des spécimens d’herbier de type, de topotype ou historiquement authentiques pour garantir l’application précise des binômes végétaux.The systematic status of the newly proposed genus Stirkia Barros-Barreto & Maggs and its relationship to the currently accepted name Ceramothamnion H.Richards remain uncertain because no authentic specimens of the generitype C. codii H.Richards from the type locality in Bermuda have been sequenced. To clarify the taxonomy of C. codii, we performed high-throughput sequencing on a topotype, a 1912 Phycotheca Boreali-Americana (P.B.-A.) specimen collected by F.S. Collins. The rbcL, COI-5P and LSU genetic markers from the P.B.-A. specimen were assembled and used to infer gene and multi-gene phylogenies to determine its phylogenetic history. In all analyses, the topotype of C. codii was closely allied with C. fujianum Barros-Barreto & Maggs, the generitype of Stirkia, as well as with other species of Ceramothamnion from the southwestern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. These data support the relegation of the genus Stirkia to Ceramothamnion and indicate that the only previously published DNA sequences of C. codii, from Hawai‘i, represent a different, presumably undescribed species of Ceramothamnion. They also highlight the power of whole genome sequencing and the need to analyse type, topotype, or historically authentic herbarium specimens to ensure the accurate application of algal binomials.</p
Notes on African Biantinae with sexual dimorphism in leg II: five new <i>Metabiantes</i> species<i> </i>and redescription of <i>Clinobiantes paradoxus </i>(Opiliones: Laniatores: Biantidae)
No full textThis study deals with a group of African biantines harvestmen (Biantidae: Biantinae) that exhibit a unique sexual dimorphism on legs II, where the males possess a widened femur II and metatarsus II armed with ventral rows of triangular tubercles. Clinobiantes paradoxus Roewer, 1927, is redescribed and illustrated, including detailed illustrations and descriptions of the male and female genital morphology based on an examination of type material, with a lectotype designated herein. In addition, five new species of Metabiantes Roewer, 1915, also with dimorphic legs II, from tropical African countries are described and illustrated in detail: M. elongatus sp. nov., M. serratus sp. nov., and M. kivuensis sp. nov. from Democratic Republic of the Congo, M. herculeus sp. nov. from Tanzania, and M. kaurii sp. nov. from Mozambique. These findings enhance our knowledge within Metabiantes diversity, provide new insights into the distribution of Biantidae in tropical Africa, and highlight the morphological diversity associated with sexual dimorphism in the group.</p
Nouvelles données palynologiques du Crétacé inférieur du sud-est du Plateau du Khorat, nord-est de la Thaïlande : implications paléobotaniques, paléoclimatiques et palynophytogéographiques
No full textLe plateau de Khorat, situé dans le nord-est de la Thaïlande et s’étendant partiellement au Laos et au Cambodge, était un écosystème prospère durant le Crétacé inférieur. Il abritait une variété importante d’espèces de vertébrés, incluant des poissons d’eau douce ressemblant à des requins hybodontes, des poissons actinoptérygiens, des tortues, des crocodiliens, des dinosaures théropodes et sauropodes, et des bivalves. Cependant, peu d’études se sont concentrées sur la flore de cet écosystème. Cette étude se concentre sur les découvertes palynologiques de la Formation Sao Khua dans le sud-est du Plateau de Khorat. L’assemblage palynologique, composé de 74 espèces réparties en 43 genres, est caractérisé par Punctatisporites-Dicheiropollis-Classopollis. Sur la base d’une datation radiométrique récente de grains de zircon détritiques, la Formation de Sao Khua n’est pas considérée comme plus jeune que le Valanginien moyen ou supérieur. Ainsi, les taxons clés trouvés dans cette formation ont été calibrés et l’assemblage palynologique est donc d’âge valanginien. Cet assemblage était dominé par des grains de pollen de Cheirolepidiaceae, ainsi que par une diversité de spores de fougères, impliquant un climat subtropical humide avec des saisons arides périodiques. L’analyse comparative avec les autres provinces palynologiques permet de considérer que cette région se situait dans la Province orientale de la Téthys, au sein du Domaine pan-téthysien.The Khorat Plateau, situated in northeastern Thailand and extending partially into Laos and Cambodia, was a thriving ecosystem during the Early Cretaceous. It harboured a diverse array of vertebrate fauna, including freshwater hybodont shark-like fish, actinopterygian fishes, turtles, crocodilians, theropod and sauropod dinosaurs, as well as bivalves. However, not many studies were focused on the flora of this ecosystem. This study focuses on palynological findings from the Sao Khua Formation in the southeastern Khorat Plateau. A total of 74 species from 43 genera were identified, forming an assemblage characterised by Punctatisporites-Dicheiropollis-Classopollis. Based on recent radiometric dating of detrital zircon grains, the Sao Khua Formation is as assigned to an age no younger than the mid to late Valanginian. As the result, the key taxa found in this formation have been calibrated and the age of the palynological assemblage is therefore Valanginian. The assemblage was dominated by pollen of Cheirolepidiaceae together with diversity of pteridophyte spores, suggesting a humid subtropical climate with periodic arid seasons. Comparative analysis with other palynological provinces places this area within the Eastern Tethys Province of the Pan-Tethys Realm.</p
Open data in publications – non-copyrightability and attribution as drivers for equity, science and innovation
No full textThe mobilization of the wealth of existing biodiversity data is fundamental for the development of large, dynamic and multifaceted datasets and their historical baselines. Biodiversity data need to be reliably and persistently linked to their sources in literary works and in databases. For this purpose, biodiversity data in scholarly publications and their associated repositories have to be transformed to provide findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable resources as a core foundation of interlinked, federated information. Unclear rights and obligations form a substantial obstacle to the reuse and effective interlinking of data, and thus to scientific workflows. Therefore, it is key to understand and implement the legal, ethical and social foundations that are crucial for arriving at informed decisions on the access to and the transformation and reuse of such data. The aim of this article is to provide legal clarity to providers and users of such data, and to give recommendations arising from the analysis of the legal background and of community norms requiring attribution, transparency, and accountability. The goal of the resulting recommendations is to empower the biodiversity sciences and data community, including publishers, authors and users, to apply appropriate legal tools as well as language that will provide legal certainty, thereby accelerating the access to and annotation, extraction and reuse of data contained within publications, both legacy and prospective. The paper is the outcome of a workshop organized during the annual meeting of TDWG, the Biodiversity Information Standards organization, held in Sofia, Bulgaria in October 2022. Its focus was on legal and contractual obligations governing data within works and databases. It also addressed community norms, focusing on attribution as well as ethical and sociocultural principles.</p
Révision du genre <i>Togoda</i> Melichar, 1906 (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea, Tropiduchidae), avec la description de trois nouvelles espèces d’Afrique tropicale et de Madagascar
No full textLe genre de tropiduchidés Togoda Melichar, 1906 est révisé, l’espèce type, Togoda africana Melichar, 1906, est redécrite et trois nouvelles espèces de la République centrafricaine, du Mozambique et de Madagascar sont décrites et illustrées. Une clé des espèces est donnée. La morphologie des ailes des Trienopini Fennah, 1954 est discutée.The tropiduchid genus Togoda Melichar, 1906 is reviewed, with a type species, Togoda africana Melichar, 1906, redescribed and three new species from the Central African Republic, Mozambique, and Madagascar described and illustrated. A key to species is given. Wing morphology of Trienopini Fennah, 1954 is discussed.</p
Revision of Holarctic <i>Illidops</i> Mason (Hymenoptera, Braconidae): A first step towards resolving a dark taxon and descriptions of three new species
No full text. Microgastrinae wasps are an important group of Lepidoptera parasitoids, but also considered a so-called “dark taxon” due to the large amount of undiscovered and unidentifiable diversity. In the Holarctic, this is due to various factors, but lack of up-to-date identification literature and taxonomic revisions is a main contributor. Here, the genus Illidops is revised in the Holarctic region for the first time in over 35 years and an updated generic concept is provided. Illidops albostigmalis van Achterberg & Fernandez-Triana, 2017 is recorded for the first time from the Palearctic and three new species are formally described: Illidops oroseira Höcherl & Fernandez-Triana sp. nov. from the Palearctic, Illidops doreenae Höcherl & Fernandez-Triana sp. nov., and Illidops stefanschmidti Höcherl & Fernandez-Triana sp. nov. from the Nearctic. A key to all 33 species of Illidops occurring in the Holarctic is provided. A first-glance preliminary system is used to evaluate the robustness of species concepts, allowing the inclusion of poorly known species. Many species are associated with new information, including photographs for 29 species, 23 of which are of primary types. Our integrative taxonomy approach including DNA barcoding resulted in nine species now linked to barcodes and the discovery of morphologically cryptic diversity. Shotgun-sequencing was applied for the recovery of barcode sequences of historical specimens. Additionally, annotated translations of original descriptions in Russian for six species and a commented overview of the literature of host species of Illidops are provided.</p