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Reevaluating <i>Mycena</i> section <i>Amparoina</i> (Mycenaceae, Agaricales) in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia, with descriptions of four new species and a new European record
No full textMycena section Amparoina, with 52 described taxa worldwide is the third largest section of the genus Mycena and it is characterized by the small basidiomata, the presence of acanthocysts and often cherocytes that form the universal veil, and spinulose cheilocystidia and caulocystidia. In the present study we describe four new species namely M. atlantica sp. nov., M. eucalypticola sp. nov., M. melanovelis sp. nov. and M. viridivelata sp. nov., together with M. corynephora, collected in the northwestern of the Iberian Peninsula and some Macaronesian islands. Furthermore, M. biornata is a new record for the European mycobiota and has been recorded from different localities in Portugal and Spain. Sequences from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were generated to infer the relationships within M. sect. Amparoina using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The phylogenetic evidence, along with the morphological features, supported the recognition of the four new species within the M. sect. Amparoina. In addition, the phylogenetic position of M. sect. Amparoina and its relationship with other sections of the genus Mycena are discussed. Detailed macro- and micromorphological descriptions, line-drawing illustrations, and photographs of the new species are provided.</p
The family Xystodesmidae in the Korean Peninsula (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)
No full textThe polydesmidan family Xystodesmidae is reviewed with respect to the millipede fauna of the Korean Peninsula. It encompasses eight species in four genera: Xystodesmus Cook, 1895; Riukiaria Attems, 1898; Levizonus Attems, 1898; and Parafontaria Verhoeff, 1936. We redescribe five species of Xystodesmus including Xystodesmus pallidus (Verhoeff, 1937) and Xystodesmus amoenus (Takakuwa, 1942). Xystodesmus shirozui (Takakuwa, 1942) is new to the fauna of Korea. The enigmatic Pachydesmus bazanensis Takakuwa, 1942 is transferred to Xystodesmus as X. bazanensis comb. nov. A new species is described, X. bifurcus sp. nov. Of the other three genera, only one species of each is known from Korea, and they are as follows: Riukiaria koreana sp. nov. (from R. semicircularis (Takakuwa, 1941)), Levizonus circularis (Takakuwa, 1942) and Parafontaria koreana (Paik, 1963). Their validity and taxonomic position, based partly on new material, is discussed. Our maximum likelihood phylogeny, estimated based on concatenated sequences of mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF1-α, supported the monophyly of these four genera. Furthermore, the presence of subclades within these clades suggests potential genetic differentiation at the population level.</p
Changements de taille corporelle chez les reptiles de la Formation de Shungura en contextes biotiques et abiotiques
No full textAfin d’envisager la taille corporelle des reptiles en tant que marqueur écologique et d’étudier les relations entre ce proxy et différentes variable environnementales au cours du temps, nous avons comparé les variations de taille maximale parmi des taxons non-squamates de la Formation plio-pléistocène de Shungura en Éthiopie. À partir de ce registre fossile herpétologique inédit, nous fournissons des estimations de la masse corporelle des serpents pythonids, des tortues aquatiques pélomedusidés et trionychidés, des testudinidés terrestres dont la longueur de la carapace atteint plus de 1 m, et des crocodiliens, notamment Crocodylus Laurenti, 1768, des formes apparentées à Mecistops Gray, 1844, et le genre tubulirostre Euthecodon Fourtau, 1920, le plus grand crocodilien connu du Pléistocène Ancien. Les tailles corporelles maximales chez les tortues aquatiques, les crocodiliens, et les hippopotamidés sont contemporaines des hauts niveaux lacustres enregistrés au nord de la Dépression Turkana. Cependant, ces taxons semi-aquatiques présentent des tendance hétérogènes au cours du temps et des relations avec des indicateurs hydrologiques, indiquant que leur niches différentielles dans ces habitats aquatiques étaient liées à des conditions et des ressources alimentaires différentes. Les grandes tortues terrestres (Testudinidae Batsch, 1788) dépassent les 100 kg dans trois membres de Shungura, mais sont absentes entre 2,3 et 2,1 Ma, de manière concomitante à la production importante d’outils lithiques. Nous avons testé la corrélation entre les tailles maximales des reptiles, les tailles maximales et les mensurations des mammifères, les données de δ18O et δ13C des paléosols et de l’émail dentaire des mammifères, et les estimations de paléotempérature pour les membres de la Formation de Shungura. Après correction pour plusieurs comparaisons, aucun test de corrélation entre les tailles des reptiles et les paramètres environnementaux ou mammifères n’est significatif. Néanmoins, des coefficients de corrélation élevés entre les tailles maximales et les valeurs de δ18O des paléosols suggèrent une congruence temporelle entre les changements de taille corporelle et les changements de régime hydrologique et des niveaux d’évaporation. Nos résultats suggèrent des liens entre la taille maximale des reptiles et les milieux localement disponibles qui, s’ils sont confirmés par des tendances dans d’autres contextes, pourraient être utilisés à l’avenir comme marqueurs paléoenvironnementaux de la végétation terrestre et des habitats aquatiques.To investigate reptile body size as an ecological indicator and the relationships between size and environmental variables through time, we compared patterns of maximum size from the Plio-Pleistocene Shungura Formation of Ethiopia. For this previously-undescribed reptile fossil record, we provided estimates of body mass for pythonid snakes, aquatic pelomedusid and trionychid turtles, terrestrial testudinid turtles, whose carapace lengths reach over 1 m, and crocodylians including Crocodylus Laurenti, 1768, cf. Mecistops Gray, 1844, and the tubulirostrine Euthecodon Fourtau, 1920, which is the largest known crocodylian from the Early Pleistocene. Body size maxima in aquatic taxa correspond to lake level, with large body size observed in aquatic turtles, crocodylians, and hippopotamids during lake high stands on the north side of the Turkana Depression. However, these semi-aquatic groups display heterogenous trends over time and relationships to hydrologic proxies, indicating that their differential niches in these aquatic habitats were linked to different conditions and food resources. Terrestrial tortoises (Testudinidae Batsch, 1788) exceed 100 kg in mass in three members of the Shungura Formation, but are absent at large sizes between 2.3 and 2.1 Ma, during the main period of hominin stone tool production. We tested for correlation between reptile maximum sizes, mammal maximum sizes and faunal metrics, δ18O and δ13C records from paleosols and mammal tooth enamel, and paleotemperature estimates across members of the Shungura Formation. After correction for multiple comparisons, no correlation tests between reptile size and paleoenvironment or mammal metrics are significant. However, high correlation coefficients between size maxima and paleosol δ18O values suggest temporal coincidence between size change and shifts in hydrological regimes and evaporation levels. These results suggest links between maximum size in reptiles and local environments that, if confirmed by trends in other settings, could be utilized in the future as paleoenvironmental proxies for terrestrial vegetation and aquatic habitats.</p
A survey of clubionid spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae) from Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China
No full textA survey of clubionid spiders from Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China, is presented. A total of four genera and eight species are reported and illustrated, including three new species and one new combination: Femorbiona pinglong Wu & Xu sp. nov. (♂♀), F. triangula Wu & Xu sp. nov. (♂♀), Porrhoclubiona songbai Wu & Xu sp. nov. (♀), and F. kayashimai (Ono, 1994) comb. nov. (♀), which is transferred from Clubiona Latreille, 1804. In addition, four previously known species are recorded, including the first description of the male of C. yanzhii Zhang & Yu, 2020. Detailed descriptions and diagnoses are provided for the new species and the new combination. Photographs and DNA barcodes of all examined species are included to aid species delimitation, sex matching, and future research.</p
The genus <i>Chlorophytum</i> Ker Gawl. (Asparagales, Asparagaceae) in Madagascar, with the description of 12 new species, 4 new subspecies and 1 new variety
No full textThe genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. (Asparagaceae) is revised taxonomically for Madagascar. It is a palaeotropical genus of more than 200 species, all of which are geophytes that are distributed throughout Africa, the Arabian Peninsula (Oman), Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, China and Australia. We recognise 39 endemic taxa for Madagascar (30 species, 4 subspecies, 3 varieties and 2 potential species not formally named due to incomplete material). Descriptions and geographical data are provided for all taxa, of which 17 are newly described in this revision: 12 species (C. albociliatum sp. nov., C. aspidistrifolium sp. nov., C. basivaginatum sp. nov., C. candelabrum sp. nov., C. darainense sp. nov., C. helvillae sp. nov., C. meridionale sp. nov., C. nigrogranulosum sp. nov., C. nusbaumeri sp. nov., C. ranirisonii sp. nov., C. ratovosonii sp. nov., C. tolyanum sp. nov.); 4 subspecies (C. sofiense subsp. gautieri subsp. nov., C. graniticum subsp. ambrense subsp. nov., C. meridionale subsp. ihosyense subsp. nov., C. meridionale subsp. tulearense subsp. nov.); and 1 variety (C. madagascariense var. boinense var. nov.). Chlorophytum gramineum (Baker) H.Perrier, is based on an illegitimate name (Anthericum gramineum Baker), and is replaced by the later legitimate name, C. madagascariense Baker, that we consider to be a taxonomic synonym. We retain the varieties described by Perrier de la Bâthie within this species, transferring them to C. madagascariense, and we give a new name – C. madagascariense var. pervillei nom. nov. Furthermore, we lectotypify eight species: C. decaryanum, C. decipiens, C. dianellifolium, C. geayanum, C. graniticum, C. namorokense H.Perrier, C. sofiense, C. subligulatum, and two varieties: C. dianellifolium var. transiens and C. madagascariense var. sciaphilum comb. nov.). An identification key and preliminary conservation status assessments following IUCN Red List criteria are provided for all species.</p
Two new species of <i>Melastoma </i>L.<i> </i>(Melastomataceae) from Limestone Karst, Khammouane Province, central Laos
No full textTwo new species, Melastoma calcicolum Souvann. & Tagane sp. nov. and M. souladethianum Souvann. & Nob.Tanaka sp. nov. (Melastomataceae), are described from limestone karst habitats in Khammouane Province, central Laos. Descriptions, photographs, distribution, habitat, phenology, and initial conservation statuses of both newly described species are given. A key to the species of Melastoma in Laos including currently reported species is provided. These discoveries result from extensive fieldwork conducted between 2022 and 2025 in protected areas including Phou Hin Poun National protected area and Phou Pha Marn area. M. calcicolum sp. nov. is distinguished from M. saigonenese by its terete twigs, narrow lanceolate leaves, spaced penicillate emergences on the hypanthium, stalk of emergences on hypanthium shorter, glabrous sepals, and longer styles, while M. souladethianum sp. nov. differs from M. pellegrinianum by its terete branches, small inflorescences with 2–4 flowers, and sparsely bristled hypanthium with strigose hairs. Both species are currently known only from their type localities, occurring in exposed limestone areas, and are preliminarily assessed as Endangered and Critically Endangered based on IUCN criteria due to their restricted distributions and small population sizes. These findings highlight the high botanical diversity and endemism of Laos’s limestone ecosystems and underscore the importance of continued botanical exploration in the region.</p
Le premier Symphrasinae (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) de l’ambre charentais du Crétacé (France)
No full textUne nouvelle espèce de Symphrasinae, Carentosymphrasites zhengi n. gen., n. sp., est décrite et illustrée à partir d’ambre cénomanien des Charentes. Ce taxon est classé dans le groupe-couronne de la sous-famille en raison de la présence de 3 à 5 trichosors entre les nervures adjacentes le long de la marge distale de l’aile. La découverte de cette espèce suggère que les Symphrasinae avaient une distribution relativement large au cours du Crétacé moyen, mais qu’ils ont ensuite disparu en Europe et en Asie.A new species of Symphrasinae, Carentosymphrasites zhengi n. gen., n. sp., is described and illustrated from Cenomanian Charentese amber. This taxon is classified within the crown group of the subfamily due to the presence of 3-5 trichosors between adjacent veins along the distal wing margin. The discovery of this species suggests that Symphrasinae had a relatively broad distribution during the mid-Cretaceous, but later went extinct in Europe and Asia.</p
New species of <i>Endaeus</i> Schoenherr, 1826 (Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Ochyromerini) associated with Annonaceae and Clusiaceae
No full textRepresentatives of the weevil tribe Ochyromerini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) have been increasingly reported as specialized pollinators of Annonaceae Juss., with some species in the genus Endaeus Schoenherr, 1826 engaging in brood-site pollination with their host. Recent investigations into the poorly documented life history of these pollinators have led to the discovery of new species in the genus Endaeus and provided details of their life histories. The following species are herein described: E. canangae Haran sp. nov. from Southeast Asia, associated with Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Annonaceae); E. lenticulatus Haran sp. nov. from Central Africa, associated with Uvariodendron molundense (Diels) R.E.Fr. (Annonaceae); E. xylopiae Haran & Zelvelder sp. nov., E. jaculifer Haran & Zelvelder sp. nov. and E. convexiculus Haran & Zelvelder sp. nov. from Central Africa, associated with Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A.Rich. (Annonaceae) and E. staminicola Haran sp. nov. also from Central Africa, associated with Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. (Clusiaceae Lindl.). Pictures of habitus and terminalia of adults, molecular and morphological diagnostic tools along with life history data are provided for each species. These new associations are discussed in light of the general patterns of specialized brood-site pollination mutualism between plants and weevils.</p
The first species of Calabozoidae from iron-ore caves and their importance for the Amazon biome (Crustacea: Isopoda), Brazil
No full textThree new calabozoid species are described from iron-ore caves in the Carajás Mineral Province, Pará State, north of Brazil. The species are allocated in a new genus, Kaaetecarcinia gen. nov., and found in two different mountain ranges: Serra Leste and Serra Norte. Kaaetecarcinia apina gen. et sp. nov. is found in four caves in the Serra Leste Mountain Range. In Serra Norte Mountain Range, K. amazonica gen. et sp. nov. is found in two caves of the N1 plateau, while K. karaja gen. et sp. nov. is found in two caves of the N5 plateau and one cave in the N4 plateau. These records represent the first species associated with iron-ore caves in the Amazon forest. A taxonomic key to the Calabozoidae genera is provided.</p
Three new species of the newly recorded genus <i>Monochorhynchus</i> Muir, 1917 from China, with observations on the fine structure of the mouthparts (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Derbidae)
No full textThe planthopper genus Monochorhynchus Muir, 1917 is reviewed, newly recorded from China, and transferred to the subtribe Lyddina. Three new species from China, M. dehongensis sp. nov., M. obscurus sp. nov., and M. psammochroma sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics. A checklist of the species of Monochorhynchus, including their geographic distribution, is provided, along with an identification key to the known species. The ultrastructure of the mouthparts of M. dehongensis is briefly investigated using the scanning electron microscope. The functions and taxonomic value of these structures are discussed.</p