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<i>Icaphoca choristodon</i> n. gen., n. sp., un nouveau phoque monachiné (Carnivora, Mammalia) du Néogène du Pérou
No full textIcaphoca choristodon n. gen., n. sp., décrit dans cette étude constitue le sixième phoque monachiné provenant de la Formation Pisco du Néogène du Pérou. Cette espèce n’est connue que par son holotype qui inclut un crâne avec les deux mandibules ainsi que cinq vertèbres cervicales dont l’atlas et l’axis. L’holotype a été récolté dans la localité de Cerro La Bruja (département d’Ica), localité type de Magophoca brevirostris, dans le désert d’Ica qui a donné son nom à Icaphoca. Sur le plan stratigraphique, l’holotype provient de strates sous-jacentes à celles du niveau de Cerro La Bruja (Niveau CLB) dans lequel ont été récoltés les restes de Magophoca brevirostris. Ces couches correspondent très probablement à l’unité P1-2 de la séquence P1 au sein de la Formation Pisco. Avec un âge probable de 9 Ma (Tortonien moyen), Icaphoca est probablement le plus ancien phoque monachiné décrit dans le Pacifique du Sud-Est. Avec Magophoca et Noriphoca, Icaphoca est le troisième monachiné fossile connu à posséder six incisives supérieures. Ce caractère plésiomorphe est absent chez les autres monachinés, fossiles et actuels qui n’ont que quatre incisives supérieures. L’allongement du rostre ainsi que la présence de longs diastèmes séparant les dents post-canines suggèrent une relation étroite avec le genre Acrophoca du Tortonien supérieur et Messinien de la Formation Pisco dans la région de Sacaco (département d’Arequipa), environ 200 km au Sud-Est de Cerro La Bruja. Le nom d’espèce choristodon se réfère à cet espacement entre les dents post-canines. La relation étroite entre Icaphoca et Acrophoca est confirmée par l’analyse phylogénétique présentée dans ce travail, qui indique que les deux genres sont des taxons frères.Icaphoca choristodon n. gen., n. sp., described in the present study, represents the sixth monachine seal from the Neogene Pisco Formation of Peru. The species is solely known from the holotype, including a cranium with both mandibles, as well as five cervical vertebrae including the atlas and axis. This holotype was collected at the Cerro La Bruja locality, the type locality of Magophoca brevirostris, in the Ica Desert after which Icaphoca has been named. Stratigraphically, the holotype was recovered from strata underlying those of the Cerro La Bruja level (CLB level), from which Magophoca was recovered. These beds likely correspond with the P1-2 unit of the P1 sequence within the Pisco Formation. Assumed to be as old as 9 Ma (middle Tortonian), Icaphoca may be the oldest described monachine seal from the southeast Pacific. Following Magophoca and Noriphoca, Icaphoca is the third extinct monachine seal known to have six upper incisors. This plesiomorphic character is absent in all other extant and extinct Monachinae which have only four upper incisors. The elongation of the snout, as well as the presence of profound diastemas between the postcanine teeth, suggests that Icaphoca is closely related to Acrophoca from the upper Tortonian and Messinian of the Pisco Formation in the Sacaco area (Arequipa Department), c. 200 km southeast to Cerro La Bruja. The specific name choristodon refers to this spacing between the post-canine teeth. The close phylogenetic relationship between Icaphoca and Acrophoca is confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis, which retrieves both genera as sister taxa.</p
A revision of <i>Parapterogramma</i> Papp and <i>Pseudopterogramma</i> Papp, with a review of the <i>Parapterogramma</i> genus group of the Pacific and Indomalayan regions (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae, Limosininae)
No full textThe “Pterogramma-like” genera of the Pacific and Indomalayan regions (Archipterogrammoides Papp, 2008, Minialula Papp, 2008, Parapterogramma Papp, 2008, Pseudopterogramma Papp, 2008, Pterogrammoides Papp, 2008) are reviewed and treated as a monophyletic group of three genera, here referred to as the Parapterogramma genus group. The following 13 new Parapterogramma and three new Pseudopterogramma species are described: Pa. bicolor sp. nov. (Fiji), Pa. dentatum sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), Pa. digitisternum sp. nov. (Australia), Pa. gonitellum sp. nov. (Australia), Pa. hieroglyphicum sp. nov. (Fiji, New Caledonia), Pa. magnum sp. nov. (Australia), Pa. matau sp. nov. (Fiji), Pa. ofiensis sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), Pa. peckorum sp. nov. (Fiji), Pa. pollex sp. nov. (Fiji), Pa. pugioformis sp. nov. (Australia, Papua New Guinea), Pa. simplex sp. nov. (Fiji), Pa. tokotaai sp. nov. (Fiji), Ps. fijiensis sp. nov. (Fiji), Ps. kasut sp. nov. (Indonesia, Singapore), and Ps. ketambensis sp. nov. (Indonesia, Malaysia). Archipterogrammoides is treated as a new junior synonym of Pseudopterogramma, resulting in the following new combinations: Pseudopterogramma aestivale (Richards, 1973) comb. nov., Pseudopterogramma deemingi (Richards, 1973) comb. nov., and Pseudopterogramma metatarsalis (Papp, 2008) comb. nov. Minialula is treated as a new junior synonym of Parapterogramma, resulting in the following new combinations: Parapterogramma poeciloptera (Papp, 2008) comb. nov., Parapterogramma continentalis (Hayashi, 2013) comb. nov., and Parapterogramma tropicalis (Hayashi, 2013) comb. nov. A key to the species of the Parapterogramma genus group is provided.</p
Antarctic Kinorhyncha: Seven new species from the Antarctic Peninsula
No full textWith only three named species, Antarctica is the continent with the least explored kinorhynch biodiversity. The present contribution provides the most comprehensive study of Antarctic kinorhynchs collected along the coast of the West Antarctic Peninsula. Quantitative samples were collected in three regions along the Peninsula: in Andvord Bay Fjord at the Danco Coast, in the Gerlache Strait, and on the open continental shelf west of the Peninsula. Comparison of the sampling areas suggests that the highest kinorhynch abundance was in the Gerlache Strait, where kinorhynchs were over six times more abundant than in Andvord Bay. Lowest abundance was on the open shelf, where the abundance was four times lower than in Andvord Bay. Among all examined specimens 98% were found in the top 4 cm of the sediment. All adult kinorhynchs were identified, and the study revealed the presence of the known Antarctic species Polacanthoderes shiraseae and at least seven species new to science: Condyloderes notios sp. nov., Polacanthoderes grzelakae sp. nov., Echinoderes ahlfeldae sp. nov., E. nataliae sp. nov., E. kathleenhannae sp. nov., E. antarcticus sp. nov., and E. crux sp. nov. In addition to the five new species of Echinoderes, two potentially known species are reported . Echinoderes aff. angustus shows close resemblance to the Arctic E. angustus, and the specimens only differed by their lack of a midventral fissure in segment 2, present in Arctic specimens of E. angustus only. A detailed examination of the E. angustus type material revealed new diagnostic details for the species, i.e., a complete mapping of sensory spots, presence of a middorsal protuberance between segments 10 and 11, and a tergal division of segment 11. Another unidentified species, Echinoderes aff. beringiensis/romanoi/xalkutaat, showed such close resemblance to three congeners that further studies are needed to identify clear diagnostic characters for the species, or alternatively clarify whether they should be synonymised. The comparisons prompted by the two unidentified species led to the suggestion of a new species group, the Echinoderes remanei species group, including E. remanei, E. angustus, E. beringiensis, E. cernunnos , E. drogoni, E. galadriel ae, E. obtuspinosus, E. quasae, E. pennaki, E. romanoi, and E. xalkutaat. In addition, the Echinoderes aragorni species group is proposed, including the New Zealand species E. aragorni and the new species E. crux.</p
Description of a new brittle star of the genus <i>Breviturma</i> (Ophiuroidea: Ophiocomidae), with a new record from Taiwan
No full textThe genus Breviturma, a group of brittle stars inhabiting intertidal and shallow subtidal zones, includes eight recognized species distributed mainly across the Indo-West Pacific. This study describes a new species, Breviturma securis sp. nov., from Taiwan. The new species is distinguishable from its congeners through both morphological and molecular evidence, including disc granule density, arm spine sequences, and distinctive color patterns on the dorsal disc and dorsal arm plates. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and COI genes support its unique status, revealing interspecific divergence distances of 18.27–26.66% between B. securis and other congeners in the Indo-West Pacific. Based on the distribution patterns of its congeners, B. securis is expected to be widely distributed in other regions of the Indo-West Pacific. A newly recorded species, Breviturma krohi (Stöhr, Boissin & Hoareau, 2013), from Taiwan is also reported.</p
Eleven new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sumatra
No full textEleven new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, are described: Chalcovietnamicus tikus Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀), Dendroicius garigi Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂), Epeus kepayang Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀), Indomarengo likaliku Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀), Pengmarengo gepeng Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀), Phintella candramawa Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀), Phintella castor Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀), Phintella siginjai Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂), Poecilorchestes keciknyo Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀), Psenuc lalawa Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀) and Stertinius senja Dhiya’ulhaq sp. nov. (♂♀). Additionally, new species records of Epeus albus (Prószyński, 1992) (♂♀) and Simaetha cheni (Wang & Li, 2021) (♂♀) for Sumatra are provided, as well as high-resolution images of Epeus sumatranus (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) (♂♀). Spider specimens were collected by canopy fogging in four land-use systems: (1) lowland rainforest, (2) smallholder plantations of ‘jungle rubber’ (low impact rubber agroforestry, Hevea brasiliensis), (3) smallholder monoculture rubber and (4) smallholder monoculture oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Of the eleven new salticid spider species, seven were exclusively found in the rather natural systems of lowland rainforest and jungle rubber, while two were found in jungle rubber and rubber, and the remaining two were found in rubber or oil palm monocultures. No species encountered in oil palm was also encountered in forest or vice versa. This applies also to the extant species, which were either found in monocultures of oil palm and rubber, or in lowland rainforest or jungle rubber. This observation offers the first glimpse into the ecology of the eleven newly described salticids and adds to existing knowledge on the other three.</p
Le genre de rudistes <i>Sellaea</i> Di Stefano, 1889 (Bivalvia, Hippuritida) dans les plateformes carbonatées albiennes de Cantabrie (Nord de l’Espagne) : implications biostratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques
No full textAu Crétacé, la diversification progressive et importante des rudistes va amener ce groupe à coloniser les plateformes carbonatées des mers tropicales partout sur le globe, en structurant de nouveaux écosystèmes. Le genre albien Sellaea Di Stefano, 1889 est à répartition mondiale, présent des Caraïbes au Tibet avec un maximum de diversité centré sur la marge sud de la province méditerranéenne. Ce genre, récemment étudié pour ses faunes américaines, est un témoin important de la dynamique paléobiogéographique à l’œuvre durant ce processus de diversification ayant généré un endémisme important, et qui participe à la caractérisation des provinces paléobiogéographiques de la fin du Crétacé inférieur. Afin de compléter nos connaissances sur ce genre et sur la paléobiogéographie des rudistes, nous mentionnons l’existence de Sellaea en Cantabrie (Espagne) à l’Albien moyen et supérieur daté par la présence de l’ammonite Anahoplites Hyatt, 1900 et des rudistes Eoradiolites jumillensis Masse, Fenerci-Masse, Vilas & Arias, 2007 et Caprina choffati Douvillé, 1898. Les spécimens sont identifiés à l’espèce Sellaea stryx (Di Stefano, 1889), une espèce sans canaux palléaux appartenant au clade méditerranéen, groupe-frère des Sellaea américains. Après avoir décrit précisément les localités où ont été retrouvés les spécimens, nous montrons l’intérêt de la présence de Sellaea stryx dans les faunes cantabriques albiennes d’un point de vue biostratigraphique. Nous discutons également l’impact de la présence de ces faunes et des faunes associées du point de vue paléobiogéographique.During the Cretaceous, the gradual and extensive diversification of rudists led this group to colonise the carbonate platforms of tropical seas all over the world, structuring new ecosystems. The Albian genus Sellaea Di Stefano, 1889 has a worldwide distribution ranging from the Caribbean to Tibet, with maximum diversity centered in the Mediterranean province. This genus, recently studied in American faunas, is an important witness of the paleobiogeographical dynamics at work during this process of diversification, which generated significant endemism and helped characterise the paleobiogeographical provinces of the late Early Cretaceous. In order to add to our knowledge of this genus and the paleobiogeography of rudists, we report the existence of Sellaea in Cantabria, Spain. The middle and late Albian age is based on the presence of the ammonite Anahoplites Hyatt, 1900 and the rudists Eoradiolites jumillensis Masse, Fenerci-Masse, Vilas & Arias, 2007 and Caprina choffati Douvillé, 1898. Specimens have been identified as Sellaea stryx (Di Stefano, 1889), a species without pallial canals that belongs to the Mediterranean clade, a sister group to the American Sellaea. After describing in detail the localities where the specimens were found, we show the relevance of the presence of Sellaea stryx in the Cantabrian Albian faunas from a biostratigraphic point of view. We also discuss the impact of the presence of these faunas from a paleobiogeographical point of view.</p
Morphology of the immature stages of <i>Cheilosia vernalis </i>(Fallén, 1817) and an updated description of the larva of <i>Cheilosia canicularis </i>(Panzer, 1801) (Diptera: Syrphidae)
No full textWith almost 500 species, Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) is the most diverse genus of hoverflies in the Palaearctic Region. The larval morphology and biology of over 40 species of Cheilosia are known, but only the description of the immatures stages of 28 species has been done. The known larvae of Cheilosia have a wide range of feeding modes, including mycophages, borers in roots and stems, leaf-miners, cambium and sap feeders, and saprophages. In this study, all three larval stages and puparium of Cheilosia vernalis (Fallén, 1817) are described. This species was confirmed based on morphological, DNA (i.e., 5′ end region of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) and geographic evidence. Larvae of C. vernalis were found in the stems of Leucanthemun vulgare Lam. (Asteraceae), Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae), and Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip. (Asteraceae) in Denmark, and all the immature stages were studied by stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The larval head skeleton and chaetotaxy were also described and illustrated. In addition, a clarification to identify larvae of Cheilosia canicularis (Panzer, 1801) is provided, according to an updated description of their immature stages. To facilitate the species identification, a key to all known root and stem-boring larvae of Cheilosia is provided.</p
On the Neotropical spider genus <i>Hatitia</i> Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae), with the description of five new species
No full textThe genus Hatitia Brescovit, 1997 includes six species, the type species Hatitia yhuaia Brescovit, 1997, distributed in Peru, H. canchaque Brescovit, 1997, from Peru and Ecuador and H. defolonguei (Berland, 1913), H. perrieri (Berland, 1913) and H. riveti (Berland, 1913) all from Ecuador and H. sericiea (L. Koch, 1866) recorded in Colombia. The analysis of recent material from Hatitia specimens has allowed the records of Hatitia yhuaia to be expanded and to describe five additional species: H. zarate sp. nov. from Peru; H. winayhuayna sp. nov. from Peru and Bolivia; H. cajuata sp. nov. from Bolivia; H. oxapampa sp. nov. and H. machiguenga sp. nov. known only from Peru. Furthermore, Anyphaena mollicoma Keyserling, 1879 is considered a junior synonym of Hatitia sericea. As a result, a new emended diagnosis of the genus is presented. Additionally, complementary morphological data of Hatitia yhuaia are documented.</p
Ray spider rush: Fast-tracking integrative taxonomy in Panama’s cloud forests
No full textTaxonomy, a pivotal scientific discipline, plays a crucial role in biodiversity assessments and conservation by defining and cataloging species and higher taxa. However, tropical regions, housing a significant portion of global biodiversity, offer challenges to traditional taxonomy, leaving a substantial part of this diversity unexplored due to limited resources. This study employs a combined approach of gross morphological sorting and DNA-based species delimitation to accelerate species identification and discovery in the orb weaving spider family Theridiosomatidae (ray spiders) within Panamanian cloud forests. Using this methodology, we navigate the taxonomic challenges posed by this species-rich family, with relatively uniform sexual organs in closely related species. Employing a semi-quantitative sampling protocol, we estimate species accumulation curves and non-parametric richness, and assess various biodiversity metrics of over 3333 specimens, resulting in an integrative taxonomic revision revealing 27 new species and a new genus. Three new species of Chthonos Coddington, 1986 are described: Chthonos dobo sp. nov. (♂♀), Chthonos kaibe sp. nov. (♂♀), Chthonos kwati sp. nov. (♂♀). Seven new species of Epeirotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 are described: Epeirotypus bule sp. nov. (♀), Epeirotypus drune sp. nov. (♀), Epeirotypus jane sp. nov. (♀), Epeirotypus kote sp. nov. (♂♀), Epeirotypus kra sp. nov. (♂♀), Epeirotypus kwakwa sp. nov. (♂♀), Epeirotypus tain sp. nov. (♀). One new species of Naatlo Coddington, 1986 is described: Naatlo chi sp. nov. (♂♀). Two new species of Ogulnius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 are described: Ogulnius zbodro sp. nov. (♂♀) and Ogulnius debonaja sp. nov. (♂♀). We describe Tantra gen. nov. based on male and female characters. Eight new species are described: Tantra bribri gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), Tantra bugle gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), Tantra embera gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), Tantra kuna gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), Tantra naso gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), Tantra ngabe gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), Tantra sichid gen. et sp. nov. (♀), and Tantra wounaan gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀). Tantra kullki (Dupérré & Tapia, 2017) comb. nov. is transferred from Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879. Six new species of Baalzebub Coddington, 1986 are described: Baalzebub absoguedi sp. nov. (♀), Baalzebub antomia sp. nov. (♂), Baalzebub innatuledi sp. nov. (♂♀), Baalzebub jaibana sp. nov. (♂♀), Baalzebub nele sp. nov. (♀), Baalzebub sukia sp. nov. (♂♀). The male of Baalzebub albonotatus (Petrunkevitch, 1930) and Theridiosoma goodnightorum Archer, 1953 are described for the first time. Redescriptions and illustrations of Epilineutes globosus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896), Naatlo fauna (Simon, 1897), and Wendilgarda clara Keyserling, 1886 are provided. Notably, we find that gross morphology remains a reliable tool for rapid species sorting, while crude or genetic identification methods offer consistent estimates for alpha diversity. The prevalence of endemic species at mid and high elevations further underscores the importance of our findings.</p
Revisiting the poorly known Chilean genus <i>Autostreptus </i>Silvestri, 1905 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae) with the description of a new species
No full textThe genus Autostreptus Silvestri, 1905, endemic to Chile, is revisited here with the description of Autostreptus silvagonzalezi sp. nov., and redescriptions of A. chilensis (Gervais, 1847) and A. yanezi Demange & Silva, 1971, based on freshly collected material. Pictures of general somatic and male sexual characters of all species are provided, and descriptions of secondary sexual characters are presented for the first time. Additionally, notes on the taxonomic assignment of the genus to the tribe Perustreptini Verhoeff, 1941 and novel records of A. chilensis and A. yanezi are included.</p